The morphology and the Vasculaturc of the ltdncy of the Buffaloes was escr: lei lined BL.lfI‘t-11005 kidneys was eorrc at u. Information obtained from gross dissection o em )1 . Th‘ f wtionrll with latex and Cold cure solution injected vascular and in excI‘et0TY 035” " u‘ ‘ significance of the renal apparatus was discussed

The changes in the biochemical composition of the ovary of Liza abu infected with Myxobolus pfeifferi were studied. The changes in the ovary are marked by a significant increase in moisture and total protein content concurrent with a significant decrease in fat and glycogen. . i In general, the changes in the biochemical composition occurred by the infection are " A same to those occurring during starvation of fishes.

tenormin (atenolol) orally daily for more than three years. The other This study had been done on thirty blood samples drown from thirty men between 40-60 years of age half of them suffering from hypertension and taking 100mg fifteen men were healthy and did not taking any drug and regarded as control. Those blood samples were subjected to study some hematological parameters such as hemoglobin percentage and total erythrocyticr and leukocytic counts. Also isolation of leukocytes was done from both hypertensive patient and control and study their activity by chemiluminescence method. v Result showed that prolonged treatment by tenormin of 100 mg orally daily resulted in significant decrease (P < 0.0l)in total erythrocytic and leucocytic counts as well as the same significant decrease in hemoglobin percentage as compared with controls , it also resulted in significant inhibition of activity of isolated leukocytes as measured by chemiluminescence technique which resulted from their weak reaction with the luminescence material (lucigenin)mixed with it in the measuring chemiluminescence apparatus which is an indication of reduced immunological ability of those leukocytes in addition to their decreased number.

Forty sera of patients infected with Leishmania donovani and (10) sera from apparently healthy subject were tested by single radial immunodiffusion to visualize the concentration of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 and C4. Recent results showed that there was a highly significant increase in the level of IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 but there were no significant differences in the level of IgA between the two—studied groups.

plant /I/ac van: is a green succulent .cactus-like plant belonging to the lily family ,The.plant has a history of use in folk medicine for skin and otherdisorders. The objective of the study presented in this report was to screen the extracts of this plant for its wound- - healing properties based on its traditional use for wound healing. ethanolic extracts was prepared for topical applications. The dose used was 150 mg/kg daily for 10 days, using the excision wound model in rabbits. Carboxymethyl cellulose (1%) was used as control in . ‘ topical studies. Animals were randomized divided to treatment or control groups, . Wound areas were measured. At the day Il',skin .tissue was excised for histological studies" . Wound areas reduced significantly in all treatment groups compared to respective controls (P < .001). Histology outcomes were consistent with changes in the treatment groups. No differences were detected within the treatment groups. The study permits the conclusion that Aloe Vera has wound—hea‘ling potential

Selected specimens of Carassius carassius fish were exposed to acute lead concentrations (15 , 30 and 45 MgL ), for tow periods 48 and 96 hrs The exposure to lead occurred changes in some blood parameter in treatment fish., There was an’ increasing in the R.B.C. , Hb, M.C.H., blood glucose and blood lactic acid , These changes were more clear after 96 hrs Whereas values of PCV and MCV showed decline significantly, blood serpm also appeared disturb on ionic balance represented by decreasing in(Na+ , K+ and Ca 2 ) after( 48 and 96 ) hours in treatment fish compare with control specimens.

Eco-tourism depending on wildlife is becoming increasingly profitable and landowners are beginning to favor game farming and ecotourism. In these areas, large-scale translocation of wildlife involves a diversity of species and large populations. The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is one of the major tourist attractions in Zambia. It accounts for 8.7% and 12.4% of the total animal species hunted in the Game Management Areas and the total hunting revenue earned in Zambia, respectively. It is ecologically an important animal species essential for the purpose of habitat control and facilitating the provision of suitable grazing pastures. However, the rearing of the African buffalo on game ranches has been hampered by its carrier state of the Southern Africa Terroritory (SAT) serotypes of foot and mouth disease virus (FMD). The African buffalo is also known to be a carrier of Theileria parva lawrencei, the causative agent of corridor disease (CD) that continues to have devastating effects on the livestock industry in Zambia. In addition, the importation of buffaloes from countries with populations endemic to bovine tuberculosis is highly restricted. Veterinary regulations in Zambia, strongly advocate against the translocation of buffaloes from protected areas to private ranches for disease control purposes thereby mounting a considerable constraint on the economic and ecological viability of the industry. It is hoped that this review will motivate the relevant government authorities in exploiting ways in which this animal species play a central role in eco-tourism.

Genotypes and subgenotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) field isolates from Japan, Germany and the United States of America (USA) were identified, and the prevalent pattern of BVDV in individual countries was estimated genetically. Subgenotypes were determined based on phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences of a part of the E2-coding gene of BVDV. Forty-five, 61 and 56 BVDV strains were isolated from naturally infected cattle in Japan, Germany and USA, respectively, between 1980 and 2003. The most prevalent BVDV in these three countries was BVDV - 1b. The second most prevalent BVDV strains were 1a, 1d and BVDV - 2 in Japan, Germany and USA, respectively. The most prevalent subgenotype 1b in each country constructed individual small clusters in the subgenotype 1b branch in the phylogenetic tree. Although cattle and/or cattle products were moving among the three countries as part of international trade, the distribution of BVDV in the field in each country showed long-standing individual patterns.

Bovine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in condensate culture, spontaneous and independent for any external biostimulants, undergo chondrogenic differentiation. In the present study, the bovine MSC chondrogenesis pathway was studied by analyzing stage-specific gene expression using quantitative 'Real Time' reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results showed that bovine MSCs underwent complete chondrogenesis; the initial stage was characterized by expression of sox 9 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), followed by high transcription of chondrocyte specific genes, collagen type II and IX, biglycan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and the final prehypertrophic and/or hypertrophic stage was distinguished by increased expression of collagen type X. From day 7 to day 14 of differentiation increased mRNA expression of the transforming growth factors beta1 and beta2, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF 2), bone morphogenic protein 6 (BMP 6), insulin-like growth factors 1, parathyroid hormone related peptide and indian hedgehog (Ihh) were detected. These results suggest that these well know chondrogenic growth factors may play a role in bovine chondrogenesis in autocrine and/or paracrine manner. On day 21 of the culture, FGF 2, BMP 6 and Ihh were highly expressed, compared to cells cultured in monolayer manner, which suggests a possible function in maintaining the terminal stage of differentiation. This data extends our knowledge about the unusual species-specific bovine MSC chondrogenesis, allowing us to define the phenotype of the differentiated cells. Furthermore, this study contributes to our in understanding of known chondrogenic-growth factors in autocrine and/or paracrine manner playing a role in the spontaneous differentiation.