Diabetes Mellitus é uma desordem crônica que resulta em hiperglicemia pela deficiência absoluta ou relativa de insulina, que gera complicações que podem levar à morte. O sucesso do tratamento do cão diabético depende da aplicação de insulina e do adequado manejo nutricional. Estudos que avaliaram aspectos nutricionais de cães diabéticos focavam na fibra dietética como o principal fator controlador da glicemia, porém novas pesquisas apontam o amido como principal responsável pelas respostas glicêmicas pós-prandiais e atribuem importante papel ao escore de condição corporal e ao manejo alimentar no adequado controle glicêmico de cães diabéticos. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar os principais aspectos da nutrição de cães diabéticos para o melhor controle da doença. | Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that results in hyperglycemia by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, sometimes leading to fatal complications. The successful treatment of diabetic dogs depends on nutritional management and insulin applications. Studies evaluating the nutrition of diabetic dogs focused on fiber as the main factor in glycemic control; however, new research describes the role of starch as key in postprandial glycemic fluctuation, also attributing a central role for body condition scores and feed management in the adequate glycemic control of diabetic dogs. The aim of this paper is to review nutritional aspects to better control diabetes in dogs.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that results in hyperglycemia by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, sometimes leading to fatal complications. The successful treatment of diabetic dogs depends on nutritional management and insulin applications. Studies evaluating the nutrition of diabetic dogs focused on fiber as the main factor in glycemic control; however, new research describes the role of starch as key in postprandial glycemic fluctuation, also attributing a central role for body condition scores and feed management in the adequate glycemic control of diabetic dogs. The aim of this paper is to review nutritional aspects to better control diabetes in dogs.

O potencial zoonótico de bactérias multirresistentes é uma preocupação global e os animais de companhia têm sido implicados na disseminação de bactérias resistentes; assim, é importante a vigilância, pois já existem relatos de transmissão destas bactérias do cão para o homem e vice-versa. Um cão, sem raça definida e de cinco anos de idade, foi atendido na cidade de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, apresentando urolitíase obstrutiva de estruvita recorrente há um ano e meio. Na urocultura do animal foi isolada uma estirpe de Staphylococcus spp. multirresistente; o tratamento com vancomicina possibilitou acura clínica. A estirpe de Staphylococcus spp. isolada foi identificada molecularmente como S. pseudintermedius e nela foi identificada a presença do gene mecA, o principal responsável por S. pseuidintermedius resistente à meticilina (MRSP), e que é frequentemente resistente à múltiplos antimicrobianos. As hipóteses para este caso clínico são a transmissão do homem para o animal, pois o tutor era um médico intensivista, ou que a própria bactéria fazia parte da microbiota do animal e, devido a outros fatores como estresse e doença urinária obstrutiva, abriu-se uma porta de entrada para a infecção pelo S. pseudintermedius. Mais estudos são necessários para a elucidação da transmissão de bactérias multirresistentes entre animais de companhia e o ser humano. | The zoonotic potential of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is a worldwide concern and companion animals have been implicated in the spread of resistant bacteria. Therefore, surveillance is important, as there are reports of transmission of these bacteria from dog to men, as well as from men to dog. A 5-year-old mixed-breed male dog was admitted with obstructive struvite urolithiasis relapsing for over 18 months, in Botucatu, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The strain, biochemically identified as Staphylococcus spp., was MDR and was treated off-label with vancomycin, which resulted in clinical cure. The strain was molecularly identified as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the mecA gene was identified. This is the main gene responsible for methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), which is often resistant to multiple antimicrobials. The hypotheses for this clinical case are the transmission from man to animal, since the tutor was an intensivist doctor, or the bacterium itself could be part of the animal’s microbiota and due to other factors, such as stress or obstructive urinary disease, opened a doorway to infection by S. pseudintermedius. Further studies should elucidate the transmission of MDR bacteria between human and pets.

O potencial zoonótico de bactérias multirresistentes é uma preocupação global e os animais de companhia têm sido implicados na disseminação de bactérias resistentes; assim, é importante a vigilância, pois já existem relatos de transmissão destas bactérias do cão para o homem e vice-versa. Um cão, sem raça definida e de cinco anos de idade, foi atendido na cidade de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, apresentando urolitíase obstrutiva de estruvita recorrente há um ano e meio. Na urocultura do animal foi isolada uma estirpe de Staphylococcus spp. multirresistente; o tratamento com vancomicina possibilitou acura clínica. A estirpe de Staphylococcus spp. isolada foi identificada molecularmente como S. pseudintermedius e nela foi identificada a presença do gene mecA, o principal responsável por S. pseuidintermedius resistente à meticilina (MRSP), e que é frequentemente resistente à múltiplos antimicrobianos. As hipóteses para este caso clínico são a transmissão do homem para o animal, pois o tutor era um médico intensivista, ou que a própria bactéria fazia parte da microbiota do animal e, devido a outros fatores como estresse e doença urinária obstrutiva, abriu-se uma porta de entrada para a infecção pelo S. pseudintermedius. Mais estudos são necessários para a elucidação da transmissão de bactérias multirresistentes entre animais de companhia e o ser humano.

A celulite juvenil (CJ) é uma doença vesiculopustular incomum que acomete cães principalmente na faixa etária inferior aos quatro meses. Este trabalho analisou o perfil epidemiológico, clínico e terapêutico da CJ em cães a partir da casuística do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, referente aos anos de 2009 a 2016. Cinco casos foram diagnosticados, incluindo quatro cães (80%), sem raça definida e com idade média de dois meses e 22 dias, e um da raça Rottweiler (20%) com 38 meses de idade. O período evolutivo médio das lesões foi de 16 dias e os principais sinais clínicos observados foram edema, pápulas, pústulas e secreção ótica bilateral. O diagnóstico foi confirmado por citologia (80%) e histopatologia (20%). Em todos os animais, o tratamento consistiu de cefalexina, administrada por 30 dias, e prednisolona, por três semanas. A terapia otológica tópica foi incluída quando necessária. Em quatro casos o desfecho clínico foi favorável. A CJ é uma dermatopatia rara que merece atenção especial dos clínicos veterinários. | Juvenile cellulitis (JC) is an uncommon vesiculopustular disease that affects dogs, especially those under four months of age. The aim of the present study was to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic profile of JC based on clinical records of canine patients treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, between the years 2009 and 2016. A total of five cases were diagnosed. Four dogs presented at an average age of two months and 22 days and were crossbred; the other dog was a rottweiler aged 38 weeks. The average time of evolution of the disease was 16 days, and the main clinical signs were edema, papules, pustules, and bilateral ocular discharge. The diagnosis was confirmed by cytology in four animals and by histopathology in only one patient. For all dogs, the treatment was based on cephalexin, administered for 30 days, and prednisolone for three weeks. Otological therapy was included when necessary. Four cases had a favorable outcome. JC is a rare dermatopathy that deserves special attention from veterinary practitioners.

Juvenile cellulitis (JC) is an uncommon vesiculopustular disease that affects dogs, especially those under four months of age. The aim of the present study was to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic profile of JC based on clinical records of canine patients treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, between the years 2009 and 2016. A total of five cases were diagnosed. Four dogs presented at an average age of two months and 22 days and were crossbred; the other dog was a rottweiler aged 38 weeks. The average time of evolution of the disease was 16 days, and the main clinical signs were edema, papules, pustules, and bilateral ocular discharge. The diagnosis was confirmed by cytology in four animals and by histopathology in only one patient. For all dogs, the treatment was based on cephalexin, administered for 30 days, and prednisolone for three weeks. Otological therapy was included when necessary. Four cases had a favorable outcome. JC is a rare dermatopathy that deserves special attention from veterinary practitioners.

É prática corrente em ambulatórios, consultórios, clínicas e hospitais veterinários paulistas, por não dizer brasileiros, a prescrição de ativos com ação vermicida, no senso lato, sem o embasamento do, hoje até prosaico, exame coproparasitológico. É sabido há muito que todo e qualquer fármaco não é inócuo e pode potencialmente acarretar agravos à saúde, e dentre estes incluem-se os ativos destinados à erradicação de parasitos entéricos. Decidiu-se assim por se relatar um caso clínico de paniculite farmacodérmica decorrente de vermifugação, bem como situar a real ocorrência de endoparasitas em pacientes, caninos e felinos, trazidos para atendimento ambulatorial no HOVET-USP. | Outpatient clinics, clinics, and veterinary hospitals in the state of São Paulo and other Brazilian states commonly prescribe broad-spectrum vermicidal agents. The prescriptions are not based on coproparasitological examination results and drugs, including those used for the elimination of enteric parasites, are not innocuous and can potentially cause health hazards. Therefore, we report a clinical case of drug-induced panniculitis caused by deworming and show the actual occurrence of endoparasites in canine and feline outpatients at HOVET-USP.

Outpatient clinics, clinics, and veterinary hospitals in the state of São Paulo and other Brazilian states commonly prescribe broad-spectrum vermicidal agents. The prescriptions are not based on coproparasitological examination results and drugs, including those used for the elimination of enteric parasites, are not innocuous and can potentially cause health hazards. Therefore, we report a clinical case of drug-induced panniculitis caused by deworming and show the actual occurrence of endoparasites in canine and feline outpatients at HOVET-USP.

Os ectoparasitos são capazes de transmitir patógenos incluindo algumas bactérias, como a Ehrlichia sp., causando doenças em animais domésticos. Pouco se conhece sobre a epidemiologia da erliquiose felina, embora alguns estudos já tenham sido realizados para elucidar a sua patogenia e transmissão. Este trabalho relata a primeira infecção mútua por Ehrlichia sp. entre um felino doméstico e o carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) removido deste animal. Ambos foram testados pela Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR) para detectar o gene dsb, e as sequências analisadas confirmaram amostras 100% idênticas à E. canis. Baseado neste relato é discutida a importância dos gatos como vetores de E. canis e sua posição no ciclo de transmissão de carrapatos entre cães e gatos no Brasil. | Ectoparasites can transmit pathogens, including bacteria such as Ehrlichia sp., which trigger infectious diseases in domestic animals. Little is known about the epidemiology of feline ehrlichiosis, although several studies have focused on elucidating the pathogenesis and transmission of this disease. This paper presents the first mutual infection by Ehrlichia sp. between a domestic cat and a Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) tick removed from the animal. The cat and tick were tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect the dsb gene, and the analyzed sequences revealed samples 100% identical to E. canis. Based on this report, we discussed the importance of cats as E. canis reservoirs s and their position in the cycle of transmission between dogs and cats in Brazil.

Ectoparasites can transmit pathogens, including bacteria such as Ehrlichia sp., which trigger infectious diseases in domestic animals. Little is known about the epidemiology of feline ehrlichiosis, although several studies have focused on elucidating the pathogenesis and transmission of this disease. This paper presents the first mutual infection by Ehrlichia sp. between a domestic cat and a Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) tick removed from the animal. The cat and tick were tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect the dsb gene, and the analyzed sequences revealed samples 100% identical to E. canis. Based on this report, we discussed the importance of cats as E. canis reservoirs s and their position in the cycle of transmission between dogs and cats in Brazil.

As neoplasias gastrointestinais em cães representam casos desafiantes ao clínico e cirurgião, pois são em sua maioria malignas e, quando as primeiras alterações clínicas são notadas pelo proprietário do animal, a doença pode estar em estágio de desenvolvimento muito avançado. Devido à elevada similaridade clínica e histopatológica entre as neoplasias gastrointestinais mesenquimais, muitas vezes não é possível estabelecer o diagnóstico morfológico definitivo apenas com a microscopia de luz. Acrescenta-se que são poucos os artigos que descrevem as características anatomopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas das neoplasias mesenquimais gastrointestinais que acometem os cães, o que torna premente a caracterização destas em nosso contexto, com o intuito de auxiliar clínico, cirurgião e patologista veterinário a estabelecer o diagnóstico destes tumores. | Gastrointestinal neoplasms in dogs represent a challenge for the veterinary clinician and surgeon as they are mostly malignant and when the owner notices the primary clinical changes the disease may already be in an advanced stage. Due to the high clinical and histopathological similarity between mesenchymal gastrointestinal neoplasms, it is often impossible to establish the definitive morphological diagnosis using light microscopy alone. In addition, there are only a few articles describing the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, which make its complete characterization urgent and relevant in our context in order to assist the veterinary clinician, surgeon, and pathologist in establishing a precise diagnosis of these tumors.

Gastrointestinal neoplasms in dogs represent a challenge for the veterinary clinician and surgeon as they are mostly malignant and when the owner notices the primary clinical changes the disease may already be in an advanced stage. Due to the high clinical and histopathological similarity between mesenchymal gastrointestinal neoplasms, it is often impossible to establish the definitive morphological diagnosis using light microscopy alone. In addition, there are only a few articles describing the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, which make its complete characterization urgent and relevant in our context in order to assist the veterinary clinician, surgeon, and pathologist in establishing a precise diagnosis of these tumors.

Embora a dor seja considerada o quarto sinal vital e uma das manifestações mais comumente encontradas na prática médica veterinária dos animais domésticos, seu tratamento ainda é inadequado. A dor aguda pós-operatória tem suscitado grande interesse por seu potencial risco de cronificação caso não adequadamente tratada, podendo piorar a recuperação e a qualidade de vida do paciente. O gato é uma das espécies domésticas menos estudadas no que diz respeito ao reconhecimento e controle da dor, e algumas das dificuldades residem na avaliação e na percepção da dor. O consenso sobre os sinais comportamentais da dor nesta espécie publicado em fevereiro de 2016 considerou alguns sinais como confiáveis e sensíveis para a avaliação da dor em gatos, em toda uma gama de diferentes condições clínicas, porém afirma a necessidade da realização de estudos que analisem a sua validade e aplicabilidade clínica, especialmente em relação a diferentes intensidades de dor. Na tentativa de se quantificar a dor são utilizados vários tipos de escalas subjetivas tradicionais e outras que facilitam a avaliação da efetividade da analgesia, a partir da observação de sinais comportamentais espontâneos indicativos de dor, combinada a uma resposta qualitativa à palpação da ferida cirúrgica. Faz-se necessária a utilização de escalas específicas para o tipo de dor (aguda ou crônica) e para a espécie, de modo a minimizar a subjetividade e a parcialidade dos observadores e possibilitando uma melhor assistência ao paciente. | Although pain is considered the 4th vital sign and one of the most frequently observed clinical signs in domestic animals’ clinical practice, its treatment is still inadequate despite significant improvement in the last few years. Acute post-operative pain has aroused great interest due to its potential risk of developing into chronic pain, and if not treated properly, it might worsen the recovery and the patient’s quality of life. Cats are one of the least studied species of domestic animals regarding pain recognition and control. Some of the difficulties lie in pain assessment and perception. The consensus published in February 2016 about behavioral signs of pain in cats considered some signs to be reliable and sensitive for the assessment of pain in this species in many different clinical conditions, however it still states that more studies will be necessary in order to evaluate its clinical validity and applicability, especially considering the various pain intensities. As an attempt to quantify pain intensity in cats, several types of traditional subjective scales and others that facilitate pain assessment by combining the observation of spontaneous behavioral signals of pain and qualitative response to palpation of surgical wound are used as tools. It is necessary to use specific scales for each type of pain and for each specific animal species so to minimize the subjectivity and the partiality of the observers, reducing bias and improving efficacy, thus leading to a better patient care.

Although pain is considered the 4th vital sign and one of the most frequently observed clinical signs in domestic animals’ clinical practice, its treatment is still inadequate despite significant improvement in the last few years. Acute post-operative pain has aroused great interest due to its potential risk of developing into chronic pain, and if not treated properly, it might worsen the recovery and the patient’s quality of life. Cats are one of the least studied species of domestic animals regarding pain recognition and control. Some of the difficulties lie in pain assessment and perception. The consensus published in February 2016 about behavioral signs of pain in cats considered some signs to be reliable and sensitive for the assessment of pain in this species in many different clinical conditions, however it still states that more studies will be necessary in order to evaluate its clinical validity and applicability, especially considering the various pain intensities. As an attempt to quantify pain intensity in cats, several types of traditional subjective scales and others that facilitate pain assessment by combining the observation of spontaneous behavioral signals of pain and qualitative response to palpation of surgical wound are used as tools. It is necessary to use specific scales for each type of pain and for each specific animal species so to minimize the subjectivity and the partiality of the observers, reducing bias and improving efficacy, thus leading to a better patient care.

O tumor maligno da bainha do nervo periférico é raro e pouco descrito em cães. Classicamente, o termo “neurofibroma/sarcoma” é empregado quando o tumor é composto por células de Schwann e células perineurais. Neste relato são descritos os achados clínicos, histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um caso de tumor maligno da bainha do nervo periférico, provavelmente neurofibrossarcoma, localizado no subcutâneo do membro pélvico de um cão da raça Rottweiler. Os achados histopatológicos associados às observações imuno-histoquímicas contribuíram para o diagnóstico, sendo observada positividade para proteína S-100, vimentina e CD57, permitindo a diferenciação da neoplasia em questão de outros tumores malignos com características morfológicas similares. | Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is rare and rarely reported in dogs. The term neurofibroma/sarcoma is classically used when the tumor is composed of Schawann and perineural cells. This work describes the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical case of a subcutaneous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, most likely a malignant neurofibroma located in the pelvic member of a Rottweiler dog. Histopathological features and immunohistochemical analysis corroborated the diagnosis, showing positivity for S-100 protein, vimentin, and CD57, and was useful to distinguish this type of neoplasm from other malignancies of similar morphologies.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is rare and rarely reported in dogs. The term neurofibroma/sarcoma is classically used when the tumor is composed of Schawann and perineural cells. This work describes the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical case of a subcutaneous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, most likely a malignant neurofibroma located in the pelvic member of a Rottweiler dog. Histopathological features and immunohistochemical analysis corroborated the diagnosis, showing positivity for S-100 protein, vimentin, and CD57, and was useful to distinguish this type of neoplasm from other malignancies of similar morphologies.

Adrenalectomia é o tratamento mais indicado para neoplasias adrenais unilaterais. Objetivou-se descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos e o comportamento perioperatório em cães submetidos a adrenalectomia no Hospital Veterinário Anhembi Morumbi. Dos 13 casos, oito eram cães de raças puras e cinco eram SRD; 12 eram fêmeas e de idade de 9,5 ± 2,5 anos. Das massas adrenais, sete eram em lado direito. Os exames histopatológicos revelaram adenoma cortical em 11 cães e adenocarcinoma em dois. Dois casos recidivaram a condição de hipercortisolemia, associada à hiperplasia, na adrenal contralateral, confirmados pelo teste de estimulação por ACTH. Concluiu-se que a adrenalectomia é um procedimento seguro, com poucas complicações perioperatórias, ressalvando-se a possiblidade de recidiva do quadro de hipercortisolismo. | Adrenalectomy is the most appropriate treatment for unilateral adrenal tumors. This study aimed at describing the epidemiological characteristics and perioperative behavior of canine patients submitted to adrenalectomy at Anhembi Morumbi Veterinary Hospital. Out of 13 dogs, eight were pure breeds and five were mixed breeds; 12 females, aged 9.5 ± 2.5 years old. Regarding the tumors, seven were located on the right and histopathological analysis revealed cortical adenoma in 11 and adenocarcinoma in only two dogs. Two cases had hypercortisolism recurrence associated with hyperplasia in the contralateral adrenal, as confirmed by ACTH stimulation test. The results of this study indicate that adrenalectomy is a safe procedure with few perioperative complications, despite the possibility of hypercortisolism recurrence.

Adrenalectomy is the most appropriate treatment for unilateral adrenal tumors. This study aimed at describing the epidemiological characteristics and perioperative behavior of canine patients submitted to adrenalectomy at Anhembi Morumbi Veterinary Hospital. Out of 13 dogs, eight were pure breeds and five were mixed breeds; 12 females, aged 9.5 ± 2.5 years old. Regarding the tumors, seven were located on the right and histopathological analysis revealed cortical adenoma in 11 and adenocarcinoma in only two dogs. Two cases had hypercortisolism recurrence associated with hyperplasia in the contralateral adrenal, as confirmed by ACTH stimulation test. The results of this study indicate that adrenalectomy is a safe procedure with few perioperative complications, despite the possibility of hypercortisolism recurrence.

Os gatos apresentam papel relevante como animal de estimação na sociedade atual. Neste sentido, o conhecimento das principais enfermidades e causas de morte desses animais é fundamental para prevenção de várias patologias. No entanto, quanto ao gato doméstico, essas pesquisas ainda são escassas na medicina veterinária. Assim, este trabalho realizou um estudo retrospectivo das causas de morte de gatos registradas das necropsias efetuadas pelo Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, em um período de 36 anos, no qual 350 gatos foram necropsiados. As doenças do sistema digestivo foram as mais frequentes (48 gatos – 13,71%) e destas, a lipidose hepática foi a etiologia de maior ocorrência (18,75%). O sistema respiratório foi o segundo mais afetado (10,86%), sendo pneumonia aguda, edema pulmonar e hérnia diafragmática as principais doenças deste sistema responsáveis pela morte de gatos. Outras causas de óbito importantes foram raiva, carcinoma de células escamosas, osteodistrofia fibrosa, fraturas e traumatismos, choque hipovolêmico e síndrome urológica felina. Este tipo de análise pode fornecer informações básicas sobre as enfermidades que mais acometem os felinos de uma determinada região, contribuindo para que os profissionais médicos veterinários passem a adotar as respectivas ações de prevenção e controle. | Cats play an important role as pets in the present society. Thus, the knowledge about their main diseases and causes of death is fundamental to prevent various pathologies. However, when dealing with domestic cats there are very few researches in Veterinary Medicine. The aim of this study is to identify the causes of death of cats through a retrospective study of necropsies in the Animal Pathology Laboratory in the Federal University of Uberlândia (Brazil), in a period of 36 years, in which 350 cat necropsies were conducted. The most frequent causes of death of these animals were digestive system diseases (48 cats – 13.71%), and among them, feline hepatic lipidosis was the most frequent etiology (18.75%). The second most affected system was the respiratory (10.86%) and acute pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and diaphragmatic hernia were the main diseases to cause death of cats with some kind of disorder in this system. Other decease causes were rabies, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrous osteodystrophy, fractures and traumatism, hypovolemic shock, and feline lower urinary tract disease. This type of analysis can provide basic information about the most common diseases in felines, contributing with veterinarians as they adopt control and prevention actions against diseases.

Cats play an important role as pets in the present society. Thus, the knowledge about their main diseases and causes of death is fundamental to prevent various pathologies. However, when dealing with domestic cats there are very few researches in Veterinary Medicine. The aim of this study is to identify the causes of death of cats through a retrospective study of necropsies in the Animal Pathology Laboratory in the Federal University of Uberlândia (Brazil), in a period of 36 years, in which 350 cat necropsies were conducted. The most frequent causes of death of these animals were digestive system diseases (48 cats – 13.71%), and among them, feline hepatic lipidosis was the most frequent etiology (18.75%). The second most affected system was the respiratory (10.86%) and acute pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and diaphragmatic hernia were the main diseases to cause death of cats with some kind of disorder in this system. Other decease causes were rabies, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrous osteodystrophy, fractures and traumatism, hypovolemic shock, and feline lower urinary tract disease. This type of analysis can provide basic information about the most common diseases in felines, contributing with veterinarians as they adopt control and prevention actions against diseases.