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peer reviewed | Objective-To evaluate effects of a blend of fructo-oligosaccharides and sugar beet fiber (4:1) at 3 incorporation rates on nutrient digestibility and plasma glucose, insulin, alpha-aminonitrogen, urea, cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations measured weekly in nonfed dogs and during a 360-minute period after a meal. Animals-8 castrated 1 to 1.4-year-old young adult male Beagles weighing 10.0 to 13.5 kg. Procedure-Diets containing 2 incorporation rates of a blend of fructo-oligosaccharides and sugar beet fiber (5 and 10% on a dry matter basis [diets B and C, respectively]) were compared with a control diet without additional fiber (diet A). The 3 diets were evaluated for ability to modify digestibility of dry and organic matter, protein, fat, and ash and for effects on plasma glucose, insulin, alpha-aminonitrogen, urea, cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations. Each diet was fed for 6 weeks; plasma samples were collected weekly before feeding and after feeding on the last day of the period, During 1 week at the end of the 6-week period, dogs were kept in metabolic cages. Each period of the block was followed by a 4-week washout period. Results-Incorporating the blend of fructo-oiigosaccharides and sugar beet fiber in the diet was associated with greater passage of wet feces (diets B and C) and lower protein digestibility (diet C). Postprandial glucose (diet C), urea (diets B and C) and triglyceride (diets B and C) concentrations were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased. Weekly preprandial measurements were characterized by decreased urea (diets B and C), cholesterol (diet C), and triglycerides (diets B and C) concentrations (P < 0.001). Conclusion-Chronic consumption of fermentable fiber is associated with mildly decreased protein digestibility and with metabolic effects in nonfed or fed dogs. Clinical Relevance-A blend of fructo-oligosaccharides and sugar beet fiber should he tested as a dietary aid for treatment of chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia, in dogs.

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peer reviewed | Objective-To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of medial coronoid process and humeral condyle lesions in dysplastic cubital joints and to compare survey radiography and MRI for evaluation of fragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP) and lesions of the medial aspect of the humeral condyle (MAHC). Animals-18 dogs with elbow dysplasia. Procedure-Radiography of 22 cubital joints was performed. The 22 joints then underwent MRI. The scans were evaluated with regard to the shape and signal of the coronoid process; articular cartilage change, subchondral bone disruption of the MAHC. Surgical findings were used as the standard to calculate accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive-and negative-predictive values for specific diagnosis of FMCP (free fragment) and lesions of the MAHC. Results-At surgery, 31.8% of the joints had FMCP (free), 36.4% had nondisplaced unmineralized coronoid process, and 27.2% had nondisplaced mineralized coronoid process, Eleven joints had lesions of the MAHC, and wear lesions were observed in 41% of the joints. On radiography, FMCP (free) was visualized in 9% of the joints and lesions of the MAHC were observed in 23%. MRI had the highest accuracy (95.5%), sensitivity (100%), and negative-predictive value (100%) for detection of FMCP (free), and had accuracy (91%), sensitivity (87.5%), specificity (92.5%), and positive (87.5%)- and negative (92.5%)- predictive values for detection of nondisplaced unmineralized coronoid process. Conclusions and Clinical relevance-Compared with radiography, MRI was useful for detection of nondisplaced unmineralized coronoid process; images consistently correlated with surgical findings. The technique is accurate and especially useful when radiographic findings are inconclusive.

peer reviewed | OBJECTIVE: To assess the peripheral chemoreceptor-induced ventilatory response to single tidal-breath CO2 (SB CO2) tests, compared with eructations, in 2 breeds of calves. ANIMALS: 13 conscious unsedated Holstein-Friesian and 8 Belgian White and Blue hypermuscled calves. PROCEDURE: An SB of +/- 50% CO2 in equal parts of O2 and N2 was inhaled. Ventilatory response was determined from the increase in ventilation (delta Ve) during the first 20 seconds after the test breath or eructation and from the difference in end-tidal PCO2 between the stimulus and preceding control breaths. RESULTS: Because no difference was found between the 2 breeds of calves, all data were pooled. The increase in Ve peaked during the fifth breath after the SB CO2 test on average, corresponding to a delay of 12.4 seconds. The SB CO2 responses ranged from 0.037 to 0.151 L/min.mm of Hg.m2, with a mean +/- SD of 0.082 +/- 0.032 L/min.mm of Hg.m2 for all calves. The SB CO2 tests, similar to eructations, modified the breathing pattern significantly and in the same direction, by principally shortening expiratory time and increasing mean inspiratory flow. After eructations, Ve peak increase was more important for lower difference in end-tidal PCO2 between the stimulus and preceding control breaths and took place more rapidly than after SB CO2 tests. Accordingly, eructation responses were more marked than SB CO2 responses and averaged 0.925 +/- 0.276 L/min.mm of Hg.m2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In cattle, the pattern of breathing and ventilation under basal conditions is characterized by a cyclic variability coupled to eructation.

Testou-se a sensibilidade da cepa de B. microplus do campus de Pirassununga da USP ao Ectofarma®, na diluição 1:400 através dobiocarrapaticidograma. A ovipostura no grupo tratado (A) foi reduzida em 95,34%, em relação ao grupo-controle (B) e a eclosão de larvas provenientes dos ovos do grupo B foi de 100%, enquanto no grupo A não ocorreu eclosão. Diante desse resultado, efetuou-se o teste a campo, utilizando dois grupos de nove bovinos mestiços. No dia 0 os números médios de B. microplus a 5 mm e de bernes nos animais dos dois grupos eram estatisticamente iguais. Os bovinos do grupo A foram aspergidos com o produto na mesma diluição utilizada no teste in vitro. Os carrapatos foram contados nos dias 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 e os bernes no 3fi dia pós-tratamento (dpt) e depois, semanalmente, até a 68 semana. Houve redução drástica no número médio de carrapatos do grupo A do primeiro ao 210 dpt, aumentando a partir de 28® dpt. A redução do número médio de larvas de D. hominis chegou a 65% no 35 dpt, nos animais do grupo tratado, e embora a eficácia do produto tenha sido baixa, o número médio de bernes no grupo A foi sempre menor do que no grupo B, após o tratamento. | The effectiveness and persistence of Ectofarma* in the control of B. microplus and D. hominis larvae were evaluated. Initially, the effect on estimated reproduction and percentage of reduction was determined by dipping female ticks in 1:400 diluted solution of the product. The percentage of reduction was 95.34, and the reduction on hatchability of larvae was 100%. Then, in a field trial the product, in the same dilution, was handsprayed over a group of nine bovines. The number of ticks on treated and untreated animals were counted on days 0 ,1 ,2 ,3 ,7 ,1 4 ,2 1 , 28, 35 and 42 after treatment. D. hominis larvae were counted on day 3 and further, weekly, until the sixth week. The efficacy in vitro of Ectofarma" on the hatchability of B. microplus eggs was 100%. In the field trial this product was highly effective against ticks during 3 weeks, and ticks mean number on the treated group was lower than on control one, until thefourth week after treatment. Reduction of D.hominis larvae reached 65% on the third day post-treatment, and mean number of larvae in treated animals was always lower than the amount found in untreated ones.

A veia porta no fígado da capivara divide-se em dois ramos, um direito e outro esquerdo. 0 direito fornece vasos destinados aos lobos mediai, lateral e caudato (processo caudato), com os dois últimos em tronco (57,1%), ou apenas estes componentes (42,9%). O esquerdo oferece vasos aos lobos lateral, mediai e quadrado (57,1%), estando os dois últimos em tronco, ou emite antes desta formação ramo para o lobo mediai direito (42,9%). A veia porta, antes de sua divisão inicial, recebe veias da vesícula biliar, uma (71%), duas (14,2%) ou três (14,2%). | The portal vein, in the capybara liver, divides into right and left branches. From the right branch originate branches to the medial, lateral and caudate lobes. From the left branch originate branches to the lateral, medial and quadrate lobes. The portal vein, before its division, receives veins from the gallbladder: one vein (71%), two veins (14.2%) or three (14.2%).

Em 43 cáes que apresentaram cálculos radiopacos, os exames radiográficos foram complementados com a cistografia positiva. Analisou-se nas radiografias a ocorrência de outras alterações que pudessem predispor aos cálculos. Em cinco cadelas náo foram observadas anomalias associadas aos cálculos. Nos demais 38 cães portadores de calculose vesical, esta afecção apareceu em 34,21% dos animais conjuntamente com osteófitos em vértebras lombares, em 28,95% em associação a divertículos vesicais, em15,79% com resquício do úraco, em 15,79% com aumento de volume da próstata e em 5,26%, com calcificação de disco intervertebral lombar. | Forty-three dogs having radiodense calculi were submitted to positive cystography. Disorders that could predispose to the appearance of those calculi were radiographically analysed. In 5 bitches no other anomaly related to calculi was observed. In 34.21% of the 38 remaining dogs calculi were associated to lumbar vertebral osteophytes; 28.95% had vesical diverticula and 15.79% urachal vestige. A large prostate was observed in 15.79% of the dogs, and 5.26% showed lumbar intervertebral disk calcification.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a degradabilidade ruminai da matéria seca (MS) e proteína bruta (PB) do farelo de soja e da MS e fibra detergente neutro (FDN) do feno de coast-cross, segundo a técnica de sacos de náilon in situ, em tratamentos com diferentes proporções de volumoso: A = 40%, B = 60%, C = 80% e D = 100% de feno. Os animais utilizados eram 16 bovinos machos, dotados de fístulas de rúmen, para os quais foram sorteados os quatro tratamentos, em dietas isonitrogenadas, dentro de um delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Quanto ao farelo de soja, a degradabilidade da MS com 24 horas de incubação no rúmen aumentou linearmente (p&lt; 0,05), à medida que se elevou a quantidade de volumoso na dieta e variou de 77,9% a 88,1%, enquanto a PB não apresentou diferenças significativas nos diversos intervalos de tempo e variou de 81,7% a 90,4%, com 24 horas de incubação. Quanto ao feno, as degradabilidades da MS e FDN apresentaram menores valores (p &lt; 0,01) no tratamento com menor nível de volumoso na ração (40%). O número de protozoários total no fluido do rúmen mostrou uma regressão quadrática (p &lt; 0,01), sendo o menor valor referente ao tratamento com 40% de volumoso. | This work evaluated ruminal degradabilities of soybean oil meal dry matter (DM) and protein (CP), and of coast-cross hay DM and neutral detergent fiber (NFD), through nylon bag technique in situ. For treatments were used different proportions of roughage in D M. rations: A = 40%; B = 60%; C = 80% and D = 100% hay. Sixteen steers with rumen canulas were used in a randomized block design with two replicates for each treatment inside blocks, all diets balanced for nitrogen. DM degradability of soybean oil meal with 24 h of incubation time increased linearly (p &lt; 0.05), with higher levels of roughage from 77.9% to 88.1%. CP degradability of soybean oil meal presented no differences among treatments, with values between 81.7% and 90.4% at 24 h of incubation time. Hay DM and NDF degradabilities showed smaller values (p &lt; 0.01) in the lower roughage level (40%). Total protozoa concentration in rumen fluid showed quadratic regression (p &lt; 0.01), with smallest concentration for the lower roughage level (40%).

Este estudo foi realizado com o propósito de determinar parâmetros fisiológicos relativos ao pós-parto e puerpério na égua e potro. De01/07/1983 a 25/11/1992 foram observados 390 partos em éguas da raça Puro Sangue de Corrida. Éguas mais velhas produziram potros e placentas mais pesados; a idade materna não influenciou na duração da gestação e esta última não esteve relacionada com o período de concepção ou com o peso do produto. Éguas mais velhas, com endométrio sadio, apresentaram placentas mais pesadas que éguas jovens, também saudáveis. 87,54% dos partos ocorreram à noite (entre 18 horas e 7 horas) relacionando-se comperíodos de tranqüilidade ambiental. | This study was performed with the aim of determining physiologic parameters regarding post foaling behavior in the mare, puerperium and foal. Three hundred and ninety deliveries of Thoroughbred mares were observed between July, 1983 and November, 1992. Older mares produced heavier foals and placentae. The mare’s age had no influence on gestational length, and this parameter was not related to the moment of conception or to the foal’s weight. Older mares, with a healthy endometrium, eliminated heavier placentae compared to younger, healthy mares. Most of deliveries (87.54%) occurred at night (between 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.), when environmental activities were at a minimum.