To provide information on the role of Rho, a GTP-binding protein, in postnatal development of the brain cells, the change in the levels of Rho protein and Rho-related proteins was examined in the brain of mice for two weeks after birth, in parallel with the changes in the activity of marker enzymes for neuronal and glial cells. The activities of acetylcholine esterase and choline acetyltransferase of whole brain homogenate, both of which are neuronal marker enzymes, were progressively increased in an age-dependent manner. The activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase, a glial marker enzyme, increased markedly between one and two weeks after birth. In contrast, the levels of RhoA and RhoB in the membrane fraction were decreased during the postnatal period. The amount of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor, a regulatory protein for Rho, was unchanged, while those of Rho target proteins, Rock-2 and citron, were gradually increased. Since the inactivation of Rho is known to induce neurite extension and neuronal and glial differentiation in vitro, our results suggest that the Rho signalling pathway plays a regulatory role in the postnatal differentiation of neuronal and glial cells in vivo

This study revealed the dose dependency of prednisolone tertiary-butylacetate (PTBA) treatment on the establishment of Echinococcus multilocularis in the small intestine of Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) and that some of the physiological parameters of host were correlated with the doses of PTBA and establishment of the worm. Twenty Mongolian gerbils were divided into 5 groups, according to the doses of PTBA; 0 mg, 0.5 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg per head. All animals were injected intraperitoneally with PTBA every other day from 6 days before to 6 days after infection. Doses of PTBA and the number of worms recovered at 7 days post-infection showed a positive correlation (r=0.929, P0.0001). The increase of total protein (TP) and the decrease of the percentage of lymphocytes in the peripheral leukocytes were dependent on doses of PTBA (TP: r

We evaluated the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) by immunohistochemistry in eight benign and malignant mammary mixed tumors of dogs with (n = 4) and without (n = 4) hypercalcemia. Positive immunoreactive staining for PTHrP was observed in all four tumors from hypercalcemic dogs. The mammary tumors from 2 of the 4 normocalcemic dogs stained positively for PTHrP, but the numbers of immunoreactive cells and intensity of the immunoreaction were less than in the hypercalcemic dogs. In the other 2 tumors without hypercalcemia, the tissue samples were negative for PTHrP