Toxoplasma gondii is an important protozoan pathogen of human and animals, The study was conducted on 557 serum samples of pregnant women from Al-Battol, Al-Hansa, Hamdania Hospital and privet laboratories located in Nineveh between October 2011 to March 2012,suspected patients were in age ranged between 22 up to 41 years to detect Toxoplasma antibodies using latex agglutination test (LAT). Results showed infection rate of 32-43%, with titer ranged between 1 4 to 1 32 which indicated chronic infection.Significant decrease in TRBs, Hb and PCV were detected in pretreatment patients compared with post treatment .Moreover 312 sheep and goats serum samples were also used to identified Toxoplasma antibodies and results showed that (43.66%) , (37.64%) of goats and sheep respectively were infected with Toxoplasmosis. It have been concluded that Toxoplasmosis were and important infectious disease affected both woman and animals in Ninavah province .

Forty adult male Bulb/c mice weighing between 25-30 GM reared in wire cages were randomly divided into four groups (10 mice each group). Group (G1) received the regular mice diet and (1 ml/kg Saline p.o.) for 8 days maintained as a control group. Group (G2) treated daily intra peritoneal (i.p) injection of gentamicin (40m g/kg bwt /day) for 8 days. In group (G3) received Gum Arabic (GA) (10 gm /kg bwt /day) for 8 days orally by using stomach tube. Group (G4) is received gentamicin (40 mg/ kg bwt /day) (i.p) plus (10gm /kg bwt / day) orally of Gum Arabic for 8 days. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting 12-24 hours for determination some biochemical marker including AST, ALT and ALP activities, creatinin, uric acid , urea and total bilirubin in serum . Assay the total protein, Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA, ribonucleic acid RNA in liver tissue of mice. The results revealed that treatment with gentamicin (G2) increased in AST, ALT and ALP activities in serum, creatinine, uric acid, urea and total bilirubin value in serum also there are elevation the level of DNA, RNA and total protein in liver tissue when a compared with the control group (G1).Treatment of GA along with gentamicin (G4) and administration of GA alone (G3) decreased in the level of serum creatinine, serum uric acid, serum urea and serum total bilirubin , the level of DNA, RNA and total protein in liver tissue also decrease, as compared to the gentamicin treated group (G2) but not reach in both groups(G3,G4) to normal level as in control group. In conclusion Gum Arabic exhibit hepatoprotective activities probably through free radical scavenging properties. Altered level of hepatic markers such as AST, ALT, and ALP with gentamicin exposure was reversed towards normalization with Gum Arabic. Similarly, biochemical parameters were also restored by Gum Arabic. Bioactive of Gum Arabic ameliorated the oxidative damage and had increased the regenerative and reparative capacity of liver.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) a disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia, lipoprotein abnormalities and oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to investigate the beneficial effect of vitamin C and Zinc on some biochemical parameter when induced diabetic in rabbits by alloxan. Male rabbits groups divided into four groups: Group I (Negative control) received normal saline orally, alloxan diabetic rabbits : Group II (Positive control) received normal saline orally , while Group III were orally administered 50 mg/kg body weight of vitamin C and group IV were orally administered 100 mg/kg body weight Zinc for 15 days. The results showed that vitamin C administration and zinc significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT and AST concentration, while there were significant changes (p< 0.05) was observed on the serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/ globulin ratio in diabetic group treated with vitamin C, Zinc respectively.

The present work includes morphological and radiological studies of the salivary gland , saliva is the mixed secretion of these gland the secretion of saliva in ruminants is continuous ,it has been moistest oral mucosa, provide medium for dissolved food and control bacterial flora of the oral cavity , the aim of present work to report more detailed information about the salivary gland and duct in cattle which may be help in both anatomy and surgery aspect, for value impartment can easily removal all salivary gland tissue during surgical operation, the large salivary ducts occasionally cannulated to remove obstructions or to inject a contrast medium for radiographic examination and to be able to palpate the parotid and mandibular salivary gland and different the mandibular salivary gland from lymph nodes ,to be able to trace the ducts of the salivary glands and palpate the parotid duct in the cheek of cattle , to be extirpate the mandibular and monostomac sublingual salivary glands . Collected from (6) fresh preserved heads were used in this study, there were equally divided into two groups : first group to study of shape ,position and relation of major salivary gland also study the morphology of the minor salivary gland and second group study morphological and radio graphical of parotid , mandibular and sublingual duct in cattle.The study revealed that the three major paired salivary glands(parotid ,mandibular and sublingual gland ) in addition four minor salivary glands ( buccal ,lingual ,palatine and labial gland ) into the oral cavity and oropharynx in cattle the mandibular gland ,unlike that of other domestic animals , the mandibular salivary gland is larger than the parotid ,distinctly lobulated and lies in the curve along the medial side of the angle of the mandible and which divides into superficial and deep loop, is easily palpate in the inter mandibular space, the duct open in the sublingual caruncle , the parotid gland has been described having (5) processes ( three superficial and two deep ) ,sublingual gland this is smallest of the major salivary gland , sometimes consists of two parts (compact and diffuse ) it is the almond shaped gland lies deep to the floor of mouth ,un like the parotid and mandibular gland the sublingual gland has no true facial capsule also it has a single duct.Un like the major salivary gland, the minor salivary gland lack a branching network of draining ducts , buccal glands are well developed and arranged in three groups (dorsal, middle and ventral )in cattle , the lingual gland are small lobules under the mucosa and embedded in the musculature, the caudal third of the hard palate is not ridged and bears numerous orifice of the palatine gland ,the labial glands a compact mass near the angle of the mouth , the most commonly occurred radiological findings using surface landmarks parotid duct lies mid way between the facial tubercle and corner of the mouth ,the ducts of the mandibular and compact (monostomatic) sublingual glands open on the floor of the mouth at the sublingual caruncle, they run below the mucous membrane that connects the side of the tongue with the gums.

In present study, 40 adult male mice were used and divided into 5 equal groups of 8 mice each. The first group was the control group, in which the mice were fed with standard ration along the period of experiment; the second and third groups were fed on fats free ration for 14 days while the fourth and fifth groups were fed on Omega3+Vitamin E supplemented ration for 14 days too. The test organisms were suspended in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and 10-folds serial dilutions were done for (CFU) count. Then, the animals of the second and fourth groups were injected intramuscularly with 22×105 (CFU) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, while the animals of the third and fifth groups were injected intramuscularly with 18×106 (CFU) of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. After 24 hours all mice of the third group and 3 mice of the fifth group died; their thigh muscles, livers, lungs, spleens and stomachs were taken, weighed and homogenized with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) to count the (CFU) in these organs. 2 days later, the remainder 5 mice of the fifth group were euthanized and the previous processes were done. For the second and fourth groups, after 48 hours of the bacterial injection all mice of the second group and 4 mice of the fourth group died, the previous processes were done for the bacterial count. 2 days later the remainder 4 mice of the fourth group were euthanized for the bacterial count purpose. The results revealed that the use of Omega3+Vitamin E as a supplements to ration increased the survival of mice and the organs bacterial count of the Omega3+Vitamin E fed mice decreased significantly as compared to those of the fats free fed animals at (P≤0.05).

Conducted an experimental study on the possibility of a calf infection by Giardia parasite isolated from human. Six calves were selected from the field of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Basrah and were divided into two groups, the first was a control group consisting of 2 calves (n=2) , and the second was group that infected and composed of four calves (n=4) . After the experiment done the percentage of infection was 100%. This study determined the amount of the dose that can cause infection to the calves and are (7- 21) cysts which were approach to those causing infection to human. The study also identified the incubation period for the giardiasis disease in calves, which were (7-10) days. This study is the first one in the Basrah and Iraq.

The study designed to use high cholesterol diet to male rats(Rattus norvegicus) and asses the ability of the different concentrations of taurine to protect the reproduction from the harmful effect of hypercholesterolemia during 4 weeks of treatment .Thirty six adult male rats were used, randomly divided into six equal groups (six for each)as control and five treatment groups. Control of animals were fed on the standard ration. First treated group was supplied with the standard ration in addition to 1.5% taurine . Second treated group was supplied with standard ration in addition to 1.5% cholesterol .Third, Fourth and Fifth treated groups were supplied with standard ration in addition to 1.5% cholesterol and 2,3and 4% taurine /kg ration respectively and were handled for four weeks. At the end of the experiment the blood serum samples were collect and FSH, LH, testosterone and estrogen levels were taken and sperm vitality was recorded in addition to the weight of testis and epididymis were recorded. The results revealed to the positive role of taurine in protection of reproductive from the pad effect of hypercholesterolemia in male rats .The taurine led to increase in Gonadotropin hormones FSH and LH in addition to the testosterone after it has been reduced due to cholesterol in the ration and as a results to gonadotropin and testosterone hormone improvement ,the sperm viability was improved as well after it was decline due to high cholesterol addition in experimental

In this study S. canis and 12 various species and serogroups of streptococci including: S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroup C and L), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroup G), S. uberis, S. parauberis, S. phocae, S. suis, S. equi subsp. equi, S. equi subsp. zooepidimicus, S. porcinus and S. pyogenes were used and identified reliably by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) of 1.43 kb of 16S ribosomal RNA gene using universal oligonuclotide primers and subsequent digestion with the restriction endonucleases including RsaI, MspI and AvaII. The PCR-RFLP results showed that RsaI restriction RFLP pattern of S. canis appeared different with all streptococci species baring the S. equi subsp. equi and S. equi subsp. zooepidimicus. The MspI restriction RFLP pattern of S. canis could be differentiated from S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroups C and L), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroups G), S. phocae, S. suis, S. porcinus and S. pyogenes. The AvaII restriction RFLP pattern of S. canis could be distinguished from S. dygalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroup C and L), S. dygalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroup G) S. parauberis, S. phocae and S. suis. In conclusion, PCR-RFLP method using restriction endonucleases RsaI, MspI and AvaII could be useful method for identification of S. canis from S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroup C and L), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroup G) and other related streptococci species. It can be concluded that RFLP method might help to determine the prevalence of S. canis in animal and human infections .

The effect of different doses of Eminium spiculatum aqueous leaf extract on coagulation of blood in the rabbits were studied .Animals treated with extract at a dose of 200 , and 400 mg / kg body weight intraperitoneally daily for 7 days produced a significant ( p < 0.05 ) increase in the clotting time , prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time with normal platelet counts when compared with phosphate buffer saline ( untreated ) and heparin ( treated ) control rabbits. The effect of the extract on coagulation of the blood was shown to be dose – dependent . Result of this study suggest that extract shows considerable anticoagulant activity in rabbits and has potential to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

A study was conducted to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of crude garlic (Allium sativum) against experimental infection with Eimeria stiedae in rabbits. Forty- two rabbits Divided into four groups : six rabbits a healthy control group (HC); 12 rabbits as challenged –garlic –protected group (CGP) which received a daily dose of 0.5 gkg body weight crude garlic for five days before challenged with E. stiedae ;12 rabbits as challenged –garlic –treated group (CGT) which received a daily dose of 0.5 gkg body weight crude garlic for five days after challenged with of E .stiedae and 12 rabbits as infected group (IG).The challenge dose was 4×104 sporulated E. stiedae oocyst per rabbits .Mortality rate , fecal oocyst count were elevated throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment ,all rabbits were killed and histopathological examination was performed. Mortalities were recorded in HC group , while mortality was found to be 8% ,25% and 50% in the CGP ,CGT and IC groups, respectively. CGP rabbits have the lower numbers of oocysts than those in the CGT than those in IC groups. Hepatic lesion were less severe in the CGP and CGT groups than in IC group. The results showed that oral administration of crud garlic ameliorated the adverse impacts of hepatic coccidiosis on rabbits as prophylactic and therapeutic , but garlic was more effective as prophylactic .