Quinolones are frequently applied in intensive production and their risks are creation of residues and development of bacterial resistance, which is one of the major challenges to human health. Muscle, liver and kidney as well as, intestinal contents were collected from intensive broiler farms in Upper Egypt. Samples were analyzed for quinolones residues (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and danofloxacin) using HPLC. Intestinal contents were investigated for two plasmid-mediated resistance genes; qnrA, qnrB and one chromosomal gene; gyrA. All liver and kidney samples were contaminated with enrofloxacin and the highest level was found in the liver that exceeded the maximum residue limit, which contribute to health hazards for adult and children. QnrB and gyrA genes could be detected in 25% and 8% of the samples, respectively. This study represents the first record about existence of qnrB and gyrA in broiler intestinal content. These results denoted that some broilers’ edibles sold in Egypt contain high level of quinolones. Litter from intensive farms maybe considered as a critical source of resistant genes giving a chance of horizontal transfer of resistant determinants. Consequently, it is necessary to examine broiler products and by-products for the presence of residual quinolones and resistance genes.

There are limited data on the efficacy of antiparasitic treatments and husbandry methods to control nematode infections in captive populations of African green monkeys (AGMs), Chlorocebus sabaeus. In faecal egg count (FEC) tests, 10 of the 11 (91%) adult male AGMs captured from the large feral population on the island of St Kitts had evidence of nematode infections, mostly Capillaria (8/11, 73%), Trichuris trichiura (7/11, 64%) and strongylid species (7/11, 64%) specifically (hookworm and Trichostrongylus, 50/50), but also Strongyloides fuelleborni (1/11, 9%). When kept in individual cages with cleaning and feeding regimens to prevent reinfections and treated concurrently with ivermectin (300 µg/kg, given subcutaneously) and albendazole (10 mg/kg, given orally) daily for 3 days, 60% (6/10) of the AGMs were negative at a follow-up FEC at 3 months and by FEC and necropsy at the end of the study 5–8 months later. One monkey appeared to have been reinfected with T. trichiura after being negative by FEC at 3 months post-treatment. Four AGMs were positive for T. trichiura at the 3 month FEC follow-up but were negative at the end of the study after one further treatment regimen. Although initially being cleared of Capillaria following treatment, three AGMs were found to be infected at the end of the study. The ivermectin and albendazole treatment regimen coupled with good husbandry practices to prevent reinfections effectively controlled nematode infections in captive AGMs.

The present work reports a case of a squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) in a mixed breed feline. The animal had hyporexia, sialorrhea and increased volume in the right mandibular branch. The parameters evaluated during the clinical examination were in accordance with the normal values for the species. In the full blood count (FBC) and serum biochemistry, no changes were observed. An X-ray of the skull showed a marked bone lytic reaction and a proliferative aspect in the right mandible. Hemimandibulectomy was performed and the removed material was sent for histopathological examination, in which a squamous odontogenic tumor was diagnosed. All tumors originating from odontogenic tissues are considered benign. SOT arises from remnants of the dental lamina and occurs equally in the mandible and maxilla. It is located predominantly in the posterior region of the mandible, and more rarely in the anterior region of this tissue. This neoplasm is taken as quite rare in the human medical literature and citations of this tumor is lacking in the veterinary medicine.

A total of 192 Noi broilers at 56 days of age were allotted in a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and four replicates to evaluate the effect of dietary lysine added on body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), apparent nutrient digestibility (AND), and carcass characteristics. Treatments included a control with 0.8% lysine in the diet and three experimental treatments (Lys+0.1; Lys+0.2; Lys+0.3) with lysine added at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%, respectively. Crude protein (CP) was 15%, and metabolizable energy was 3,000 kcal/kg of feed. At 77 days of age, for each replicate, one male and one female chicken were selected for the estimation of AND by using Fe2O3 marker. The chickens were fed ad libitum and vaccinated against common diseases. The results showed that lysine's addition to the diet at 0.2–0.3% significantly improved the BWG and FCR (P <0.05). Furthermore, the addition of 0.1–0.3% lysine to the diet resulted in a significant increase in apparent CP digestibility and overall amino acid digestibility (P <0.05) but did not affect the apparent digestibility of Ca and P of Noi broilers. Finally, concerning the breast weight and yield of both male and female chickens, whereas the male broilers' dressing improved with the addition of 0.3% lysine to the diet, the breast yield of their female counterparts bettered when supplemented with 0.2% lysine.

The spermatozoa freezing process of Boer goat sperm leads to cold shock and lipid peroxidation, which increases reactive oxygen species. To reduce oxidative stress, antioxidants are required as semen diluents, which can be supplemented with the extract of black cincau (Mesona palustris B.) leaves. This study aimed to analyze the effects of black cincau leaf extract supplementation at dosages of 0%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% in a basic diluent of skim milk yolk on the quality of post-thawing frozen semen and to determine the in vivo fertile quality of frozen semen through artificial insemination. This study used a completely randomized design using 110 sperm samples. There were four dilution treatments: skim milk yolk supplemented with 0%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% (v/v) black cincau leaf extract, and added to sperm samples labeled T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The motility, viability, membrane integrity of spermatozoa, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed. The best quality of spermatozoa from this study was used for artificial insemination to determine the percentage of conception rate and observed until the female gave a birth. Treatment of T2 (2% black cincau leaf extract supplementation) was found to have the best record on motility, viability and integrity of plasma membranes, and lower level of MDA. The results of artificial insemination on 30 female goats using T0 (without black grass jelly extract supplementation) and 30 female goats using T2, each resulted in a conception rate of 63.33% vs 80%. It could be concluded that skim milk yolk base diluent supplemented with 2% black cincau leaf extract has the capability to protect the motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity, decreased MDA level of sperm after freezing and increase conception rate.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most bacteria that have ability to form a biofilm and secret different types of enterotoxins that cause food poisoning in humans. Biofilms is a community of microorganisms encased in a matrix of extracellular polysaccharide (slime), called polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA). They have related to a diversity of chronic and persistent infections. This study aims to detect the ability of S. aureus isolated from ice cream to form biofilm by Congo red agar (CRA), microliter plate, and PCR and the ability of S. aureus to produce enterotoxins by PCR. 15 S. aureus isolates were grown on CRA and microtiter plate method then subjected for detection of icaA and icaD genes by PCR and for the presence of enterotoxins genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, and see) which are responsible for S. aureus biofilm formation and Staphylococcus food poisoning. 73.3% of the isolates were biofilm producers on Congo red agar, 60% of the isolates were positive for biofilm production using microtiter plate method and by PCR technique, all the isolates 100% had icaD gene and 86.6% had icaA gene. The enterotoxin seb gene was detected in 5 (33.3%) S. aureus isolates, the enterotoxin see gene was detected in 4 (26.6%) S. aureus isolates while sea, seb and sed gens were not detected in any S. aureus isolates. In conclusion all aureus isolates were positive for icaD gene and some of S. aureus isolates were positive for icaA gene which are responsible for biofilm formation and some S. aureus isolates were positive for enterotoxin B and enterotoxin E, which responsible for food intoxication so the ice-cream considered a potential source for food intoxication and persistent infection caused by S. aureus.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of leaf extracts from Moringa oleifera and green tea, as compared to acetic acid, on the sensory acceptability, shelf-life, and microbiological quality of some crustaceans, i.e. imported unpeeled shrimps (IUS), local peeled shrimps (LPS), and local breed crabs (LBC). Samples of IUS, LPS, and LBC were immersed in sterile distilled water (control) or treated separately by Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (MOE 2% and 5% w/v), green tea leaf extract (GTE 0.1% w/v), or acetic acid (AA 2%) and then refrigerated at 2.0±1.0°C. Three replicates from control and each treatment of crustacean samples were assessed through sensory, physicochemical, and microbiological examination, periodically throughout the storage period until spoilage. The obtained results revealed no effect on the sensory acceptability of treated samples by GTE or AA, with three to six days extension in the shelf-life as compared to control. On the contrary, MOE altered the color, odor and hence reduced the acceptability of treated samples with no improvement in shelf-life. Samples treated with GTE and AA showed significantly (p<0.05) lower total bacterial count, coliforms MPN, fecal coliforms MPN, and Staphylococcus aureus count than control and MOE-treated samples. Yet, MOE showed good antioxidant activity. To conclude, treatment with GTE and AA could be a promising method to enhance the quality and extend the shelf life of crustaceans. MOE is a good antioxidant nonetheless it must be combined with a potent antimicrobial to extend the shelf-life of crustaceans.

The study was conducted to detect and analyze the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the POU1F1 (POU class 1 homeobox 1) gene and growth as well as carcass traits in Noi native chickens. Blood samples were taken at the wings, DNAs were extracted based on the phenol: chloroform technique and genotypes were analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. The frequencies of CC genotypes for three polymorphic sites (POU1F1_HhaI SNP, POU1F1_EcoRI SNP, POU1F1_BspHI SNP) were the highest. The corresponding C allele frequencies were higher than those of T alleles. Of three polymorphisms, POU1F1_BspHI SNP was found to be significantly linked with growth and carcass traits. Chickens bearing TT genotype showed higher body weight at 91 days, carcass weight, breast weight, and thigh weight than those of chickens with CC genotype. This SNP can be a useful marker for the selection of Noi chicken for improvement of growth and carcass traits.

The study objective was to evaluate the effects of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare) as a dietary additive on some behaviors, fear response, performance, carcass traits, serum metabolites and economic efficiency of male fayoumi chickens. For this purpose, 60 birds of 28 days of age were divided into control group and three treatment groups. Each group (5 birds x 3 replicates). The fennel seeds were added to the treatment diets at concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2%, respectively. Result showed that, fennel seeds treated groups had significant difference (P<0.05), and showed higher feed intake, ingestive and comfort behavior, production efficiency index, body weight, weight gain, relative economic efficiency, serum total protein and globulin. While, had lower aggressive behavior and fear response than birds on fennel free diet. On the other hand, no changes in feed conversion, relative growth rate, dressing percentage and internal organ relative weight, serum calcium and phosphorus levels due to fennel addition. It could be concluded, that fennel seeds have a growth stimulatory effect, improving behavior, fear response, economic efficiency and general health status of male fayoumi chickens.

To the best of the authors knowledge, reference intervals for rectal temperature in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) has not been previously published. This study was undertaken to establish this reference interval for water buffalo heifers. Based on the statement of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, at least 120 values are necessary to obtain reliable estimates for reference intervals. A total number of 127 healthy buffalo heifers (1–2 years old) were selected based on a set of inclusion criteria. The health status of heifers was confirmed based on clinical examinations and laboratory analyses. Animals were examined at buffalo farms that belong to Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Rectal temperature was measured using a clinical thermometer. Three types of samples were collected: serum samples for biochemical analysis, whole blood samples for haematological analysis and faecal samples for parasitological examination. The 95% reference intervals were calculated by removing the upper and lower 2.5% of the interval to give the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. Confidence intervals were calculated for the reference limit. The current study was able to establish reference intervals for rectal temperature in water buffalo heifers.