Objective-To qualitatively describe lung CT images obtained from sedated healthy equine neonates (≤ 14 days of age), use quantitative analysis of CT images to characterize attenuation and distribution of gas and tissue volumes within the lungs, and identify differences between lung characteristics of foals ≤ 7 days of age and foals > 7 days of age. Animals-10 Standardbred foals between 2.5 and 13 days of age. Procedures-Foals were sedated with butorphanol, midazolam, and propofol and positioned in sternal recumbency for thoracic CT. Image analysis software was used to exclude lung from nonlung structures. Lung attenuation was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) for analysis of whole lung and regional changes in attenuation and lung gas and tissue components. Degree of lung attenuation was classified as follows: hyperinflated or emphysema, −1,000 to −901 HU; well aerated, −900 to −501 HU; poorly aerated, −500 to −101 HU; and nonaerated, > −100 HU. Results-Qualitative evidence of an increase in lung attenuation and patchy alveolar patterns in the ventral lung region were more pronounced in foals ≤ 7 days of age than in older foals. Quantitative analysis revealed that mean +/- SD lung attenuation was greater in foals ≤ 7 days of age (−442 +/- 28 HU) than in foals > 7 days of age (−521 +/- 24 HU). Lung aeration and gas volumes were lower than in other regions ventrally and in the mid lung region caudal to the heart. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Identified radiographic patterns and changes in attenuation were most consistent with atelectasis and appeared more severe in foals ≤ 7 days of age than in older neonatal foals. Recognition of these changes may have implications for accurate CT interpretation in sedated neonatal foals with pulmonary disease.

Objective-To determine the degree of agreement between 2 analyzers for measurement of total CO2 concentration (ctCO2) in equine plasma. Animals-6 healthy untrained horses, 6 trained Standardbreds undergoing a simulated race protocol, and 135 trained Standardbreds at a racetrack. Procedures-Jugular venous blood samples were obtained from all horses. Two analyzers (commonly used analyzer A and less expensive analyzer B) were used to measure plasma ctCO2 in each sample. Validation of both analyzers was conducted in accordance with guidelines established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and involved characterization of linearity, total analytic error, and bias estimation. Results-Total analytic error (instrument SD) was 0.58 mmol/L (coefficient of variation, 1.6%) and 0.49 mmol/L (coefficient of variation, 1.4%) for analyzers A and B, respectively, when measuring an aqueous standard containing 36.0 mmol of CO2/L. A 1 g/L decrease in plasma protein concentration corresponded to an increase in ctCO2 measured with analyzer B of 0.065 mmol/L. A difference plot indicated that analyzer B produced values 2.7% higher than analyzer A for 103 samples from the 6 trained and exercised Standardbreds (mean plasma protein concentration, 67 g/L). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Analyzer B provided adequate precision and linearity for measurement of ctCO2 from 5 to 40 mmol/L and was therefore suitable for measuring ctCO2 in equine plasma, provided allowances are made for changes in plasma protein concentration.

Cestodes are parasitic flatworms that live in the digestive tract of vertebrates as adults and often in the liver, muscle, haemocoel, mesentery and brain of various animals as larval stages. To identify the cestodes infecting Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 (sharptooth catfish) in the Vaal Dam, a total of 45 host specimens were collected with the aid of gill nets between October 2011, January and April 2012. The fish were sacrificed and examined for cestode parasites. Two adult cestodes, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 (prevalence 86.7%, mean intensity = 15, n = 45) and Proteocephalus glanduligerus (Janicki, 1928) (prevalence 51.1%, mean intensity = 5, n = 45) were found in the intestines of the catfish. Both T. ciliotheca and P. glanduligerus are new locality records. There were statistically insignificant differences in the infection of the male and female C. gariepinu. Fish with standard length ranging from 40 cm - 54 cm (>3 years) had the highest prevalence and mean intensity while those ranging from 10 cm - 24 cm (< 1 year) had the lowest prevalence and mean intensity for both cestodes. The study highlights the importance of changing feeding habits of C. gariepinus with age on the prevalence and mean intensity of the two gastrointestinal cestode parasites.

Bovine tuberculosis represents one of the very important infectious diseases in Egypt and the world. It has zoonotic importance and causes severe economic losses. Accurate and rapid diagnosis considered as the milestone for control of the disease. In this study ELISA technique was used for confirmation of positive reactors cows that tested with single intradermal tuberculin test, to detect false positive reactors. Bovine PPD and ST.CF antigens have been used as two different coating antigens for ELISA technique. 3747 cattle from dairy farms in five different governorates were subjected to the single intradermal cervical tuberculin test whereas 78 (2.24%) proved positive reactors to tuberculin. These positive reactors tested with ELISA. 64 (82.05%) animals were positive by ELISA coated with ST-CF, while by using bovine PPD as coating antigen 58 (74.35%) animals were positive. The previous results indicated that ELISA test showed higher sensitivity and specificity using ST-CF as coating antigen than in case of bovine PPD coating antigen.

Toxoplasma gondii is an important protozoan pathogen of human and animals, The study was conducted on 557 serum samples of pregnant women from Al-Battol, Al-Hansa, Hamdania Hospital and privet laboratories located in Nineveh between October 2011 to March 2012,suspected patients were in age ranged between 22 up to 41 years to detect Toxoplasma antibodies using latex agglutination test (LAT). Results showed infection rate of 32-43%, with titer ranged between 1 4 to 1 32 which indicated chronic infection.Significant decrease in TRBs, Hb and PCV were detected in pretreatment patients compared with post treatment .Moreover 312 sheep and goats serum samples were also used to identified Toxoplasma antibodies and results showed that (43.66%) , (37.64%) of goats and sheep respectively were infected with Toxoplasmosis. It have been concluded that Toxoplasmosis were and important infectious disease affected both woman and animals in Ninavah province .

Forty adult male Bulb/c mice weighing between 25-30 GM reared in wire cages were randomly divided into four groups (10 mice each group). Group (G1) received the regular mice diet and (1 ml/kg Saline p.o.) for 8 days maintained as a control group. Group (G2) treated daily intra peritoneal (i.p) injection of gentamicin (40m g/kg bwt /day) for 8 days. In group (G3) received Gum Arabic (GA) (10 gm /kg bwt /day) for 8 days orally by using stomach tube. Group (G4) is received gentamicin (40 mg/ kg bwt /day) (i.p) plus (10gm /kg bwt / day) orally of Gum Arabic for 8 days. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting 12-24 hours for determination some biochemical marker including AST, ALT and ALP activities, creatinin, uric acid , urea and total bilirubin in serum . Assay the total protein, Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA, ribonucleic acid RNA in liver tissue of mice. The results revealed that treatment with gentamicin (G2) increased in AST, ALT and ALP activities in serum, creatinine, uric acid, urea and total bilirubin value in serum also there are elevation the level of DNA, RNA and total protein in liver tissue when a compared with the control group (G1).Treatment of GA along with gentamicin (G4) and administration of GA alone (G3) decreased in the level of serum creatinine, serum uric acid, serum urea and serum total bilirubin , the level of DNA, RNA and total protein in liver tissue also decrease, as compared to the gentamicin treated group (G2) but not reach in both groups(G3,G4) to normal level as in control group. In conclusion Gum Arabic exhibit hepatoprotective activities probably through free radical scavenging properties. Altered level of hepatic markers such as AST, ALT, and ALP with gentamicin exposure was reversed towards normalization with Gum Arabic. Similarly, biochemical parameters were also restored by Gum Arabic. Bioactive of Gum Arabic ameliorated the oxidative damage and had increased the regenerative and reparative capacity of liver.

In present study, 40 adult male mice were used and divided into 5 equal groups of 8 mice each. The first group was the control group, in which the mice were fed with standard ration along the period of experiment; the second and third groups were fed on fats free ration for 14 days while the fourth and fifth groups were fed on Omega3+Vitamin E supplemented ration for 14 days too. The test organisms were suspended in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and 10-folds serial dilutions were done for (CFU) count. Then, the animals of the second and fourth groups were injected intramuscularly with 22×105 (CFU) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, while the animals of the third and fifth groups were injected intramuscularly with 18×106 (CFU) of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. After 24 hours all mice of the third group and 3 mice of the fifth group died; their thigh muscles, livers, lungs, spleens and stomachs were taken, weighed and homogenized with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) to count the (CFU) in these organs. 2 days later, the remainder 5 mice of the fifth group were euthanized and the previous processes were done. For the second and fourth groups, after 48 hours of the bacterial injection all mice of the second group and 4 mice of the fourth group died, the previous processes were done for the bacterial count. 2 days later the remainder 4 mice of the fourth group were euthanized for the bacterial count purpose. The results revealed that the use of Omega3+Vitamin E as a supplements to ration increased the survival of mice and the organs bacterial count of the Omega3+Vitamin E fed mice decreased significantly as compared to those of the fats free fed animals at (P≤0.05).

Conducted an experimental study on the possibility of a calf infection by Giardia parasite isolated from human. Six calves were selected from the field of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Basrah and were divided into two groups, the first was a control group consisting of 2 calves (n=2) , and the second was group that infected and composed of four calves (n=4) . After the experiment done the percentage of infection was 100%. This study determined the amount of the dose that can cause infection to the calves and are (7- 21) cysts which were approach to those causing infection to human. The study also identified the incubation period for the giardiasis disease in calves, which were (7-10) days. This study is the first one in the Basrah and Iraq.