Reducing crude protein (CP) level in the feed without altering the amino acid contents by supplementing synthetic amino acids to reduce nitrogen excretion, adding ofexogenous protease enzyme infeed to improve nitrogen utilization and treating litter with the culture ofMethylomonas methanica (MM) to prevent methane emission from litter are the proven methods in commercial poultry production, especially in broiler farming to protect the environment. However, the efficacy of these nitrogen emission reduction strategies on the performance and economics of guinea fowl in intensive production has not been studied adequately. Therefore, a biological experiment was conducted with high protein (HP) diets with (Tl) or without (T2) fish meal (FM) and low protein (LP) diets added with exogenous protease enzyme with (T3) or without (T4) FM. The levels of critical amino acids in all the feed were balanced with the supplementation of synthetic amino acids. These treatments contained six replicates of each with 15-day-old keets. At the start of ninth week, the litter of three replicates from each treatment was sprayed with MM culture additionally, forming four more treatment groups, from T5 to T8 respectively. The results of the study indicated that replacing FM with plant protein sources did not affect body weight. The overall trend revealed that the reduction of CP by 2% had a negative (P<0.05) impact on body weight; while, the addition of protease in feed had no notable effect. The feed consumption was not affected by the withdrawal of FM or reducing CP level by 2% ordietary protease supplementation or MM litter treatment. The feed efficiency was negatively impacted (P<0.05) by withdrawal ofFMin high and low protein diets; -while, feed efficiency -was not improved by protease supplementation in LP diets. The level of CP or -withdrawal FM or protease enzyme supplementation in the ration did not affect livability. The MM litter treatment did not affect gro-wth rate, feed consumption, feed efficiency and livability of guinea fowls. The results indicated that the benefit-cost ratio could be improved in guinea fowls by using low CP feed.

Chlortetracycline (CTC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline group of drugs. It is commonly used in the poultry industry for the treatment of bacterial infections and is also used as a growth promoter. This study was aimed at validating the sensitive HPLC method for the assay of CTC in chicken plasma. The method consisted of isocratic elution with separation using a C]8 column. The mobile phase used in the study was aqueous oxalic acid (0.03M), acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio of 60:30:10. The HPLC conditions included a flow rate of Iml/min with UVdetection at 375nm. CTC in chicken plasma was extracted with Mcllvaine buffer followed by dilution with water in the ratio of 1:1 andfiltered using 0.22p filters. The peak of chlortetracycline was noticed at 5-6 minis. The method was linear from 0.05mg/ml to 10mg/ml. The recovery percentage from plasma was recorded as 110%. Thus, from this study it is inferred that this method is optimal for the assay of CTC in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies.

The optimization of Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) as a healthy alternative to refined wheat flour (RWF) in chicken nuggets was investigated to assess dietary fibre enrichment. Replacement was performed at four levels: 5% (Tl), 6% (T2), 7% (T3), and 10% (T4), while control nuggets were prepared using RWF. Product quality, texture profile, sensory evaluation, and dietary fibre content were assessed. Emulsion stability and product yield remained statistically similar, with improved textural characteristics observed up to 7% replacement with Kodo millet. The product's acceptance was highly significant (P<0.01) at 7% inclusion (7.61±0.32), with dietary fibre enrichment showing a 126.49% increase over the control. The findings concluded that 7% Kodo millet flour inclusion is the optimal level for dietary fibre enhancement in functional chicken meat nuggets.

Goats are highly susceptible to endoparasitic infections due to free grazing habits. The present study was reported for concurrent infection ofMoniezia expansa and Haemonchus contortus in two goats from a flock of 40 goats in Orathanadu, Thanjavur. History included anorexia, foetid diarrhoea and jowl edema in goats. On clinical examination, pyrexia, pale conjunctival mucous membrane, pasty diarrhoeic faeces, bottle jaw and abdominal thudding were noticed. Coproscopy revealed Moniezia expansa eggs and strongyle eggs and faecal culture revealed Haemonchus contortus larvae. Uneventful recovery was noticed in goats after treating with praziquantel and fenbendazole for 3 days with supportive therapy.

A six year old female buffalo was presented with history ofparturition before 4 days and accidental feeding of about 4 litres own colostrum by the owner. Clinical examination revealed anorexia, circling, excitation and wandering behavior, mucoid hard sticky feces, absence of water intake and ruminal atony. pH of ruminal fluid was 8.5. The buffalo was successfully treated with vinegar, multivitamin, chlorpheneramine maleate, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate and fluid therapy and recovery was seen on 3rd day. In conclusion, colostrum feeding in adult buffalo can cause alkaline indigestion which can be successfully treated with vinegar and supportive fluid therapy.

Hookworms of dogs especially Ancylostoma caninum and A.ceylanicum are the predominant gastro intestinal parasites of zoonotic significance. These are soil transmitted helminths (STH) whose larvae dwell in the soil and are capable of penetrating the host skin and then establishing itself in the intestine causing gastro-enteritis  and  anaemia.  Both  A.caninum  and  A.ceylanicum  can  infect dogs and their zoonotic potential is different and speciation becomes a necessity especially since it is difficult to distinguish the species morphologically. The current study was envisaged for molecular speciation of the hookworms affecting dogs in Chennai. A total of 185 faecal samples were examined of which 58 (31.35%) were positive samples and these were subjected to molecular speciation. The primers targeting ITS-1 gene of the parasite were designed and it was found that A.caninum  was  the  predominant  species  prevalent  amongst  dogs  in  Chennai.

Esophageal groove dysfunction is a fatal cause in neonatal calves if unattended at the early stage.  In healthy suckling calves the milk should bypass the rumen and reticulum and enter abomasum which is the true stomach for enzymatic digestion of milk protein.   In esophageal groove dysfunction the milk enters rumen where fermentation due to microbes leads to high accumulation of gas hence abdominal distension which proves fatal to the calf.  An eight days old female crossbred calf solely on dam’s milk was presented with left sided abdominal distension. On clinical examination the case was diagnosed to be a ruminal drinker due to esophageal groove dysfunction. The calf was relieved of gas by passing atraumatic flexible stomach tube and oral antibiotic to control bacterial fermentation.  The calf was weaned gradually from dam’s milk and allowed to feed with the Dam for rumen flora inoculation and early initiation of concentrate and roughage feeding.  The calf was free of ruminal bloat post treatment.

This study examines the preferences of information sources among veterinary science professionals in India, employing a Best-Worst Scaling analysis to identify the most and least favoured sources, as well as the constraints faced in accessing these resources. Conducted through an online survey in 2024, the research gathered responses from 142 veterinary professionals, predominantly male (88.73%). Key findings reveal that the internet and training courses are the most preferred information sources, while traditional resources like CD databases are least favoured. Constraints such as information overload and inadequate infrastructure significantly hinder effective information access. The study highlights gender disparities in information source preferences and emphasizes the need for improved access to information and resources in the veterinary field.

Macrotyloma uniflorum commonly known as horse gram (kollu in tamil) is a legume cultivated only in South Asian countries and is known for its nutritive and therapeutic  properties.  The present study aims to qualitatively  identify the various phytochemical compounds present in the seed extract of M. uniflorumusing different solvent extraction systems viz. methanolic, ethanolic, chloroform, aqueous and hydro- alcoholic solvents. The results revealed that the methanolic and ethanolic extraction systems are most effective, leading to detection of an array of phytoconstituents viz., alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, triterpenoids, sterols, saponins and glycosides in M. uniflorum seeds. The study thus highlights the effectiveness of methanolic and ethanolic extract in extracting a diverse array of bioactive metabolites, supporting the potential of M. uniflorum seeds as a valuable resource for medicinal and nutraceutical applications.

Radiographic imaging is widely used as a relatively quick imaging diagnostic tool in veterinary treatment protocols. Avian radiographic procedures have been standardized in developed countries. But in India, the data on standardization procedures and visualization of coelomic organs in avian species, especially wild birds including raptors, is very limited. As a result, coelomic organ abnormalities are very poorly diagnosed in Indian birds of prey like black kites (Milvus migrans), which are regularly rescued and presented to Indian veterinarians. Standardizing the protocol for radiography of black kites and interpretation standards with survey radiographs could aid in prompt and accurate diagnosis of various conditions like pneumonia, proventricular dilatation, pneumocoelom, intra-coelomic mass, nephromegaly etc. and aid in planning of other techniques for management of various clinical conditions in black kites.