Three groups of male mice, ten mice each, were treated by gossypol acetic acid for (38) day by oral rote successively: group one treated with normal saline served as control, group two treated with 20 mg/Kg. BW. and group three treated with 40 mg/Kg. BW. The treated males were direct faced individually with adult males for aggressive behavior tests, and virgin female diestrus for sexual behavior tests. The results were as follow: the group two and three did not mice show any copulation activities during the 3- hour of observation, group two as well as three mice had less initiative in attacking their opponents and tended to avoid any longer contacts in combating. Afterward group two and three mice got significant body weight changes compared with group one (control). Therefore, the suggested conclusion of the study was gossypol tended to reduce the aggressiveness and sexual activity, but moreover body weight of the male mice was decreased.

The present study is an attempt to determine the Etiology (Bacterial & Parasitic) of Buffaloes Pulmonary Lesions. For this purpose samples of(105) affected lungs were collected ’ "from abattoirs. of the cities in southern part of Iraq named (Basra, Amara, Nassirya and the Qurna). * 1 Samples of the investigation were obtained through the examination of a total of (917) lung apparently healthy buffaloes examined in six months period from 1st of October 1980 to end ofMarch 1990. Among the encountered Pulmonary Lesions, (68) = eases ((>4.7(>%) were associated with bacterial isolation and from (6) cases (5.71%) no etiology identified. The various bacterial isolates associate with different pulmonary lesions are mentioned and it's significance is discussed. Pulmonary parasitic infection were encountered in (31) cases « (29.5%) of all types of lung affection observed among which one case (3.2%) was caused by V Dict. viviparous and one case of migration of liver flakes (Fasciola gigantic) twenty nine (93.2%) due to larval ofthe tape worm (echinococcus granulose ).

Throug a complete year a 1000 cows were subjected to asexual health examination two hundred and ten cases of affection with infertility problems were discovered in local Iraqi cows (Al-Jenubi) and their crosses with Fresian .It was found that 88 cows ( 41.9 %) as anestruse ,they were 28 cows (l3.33%) local cows and 60 cows (28.57%) crosses cows and .the percentage of anestrus did not affected by certain seasonal trend, and 49 cows (23.33%) were affected by repeat breeder,l7 cows (8.09%) of them were local cows and 32 cows (l5.23%) were crosses cows and the higher percentage of repeat breeders was in summer season. Uterine infection were 73 cows (34.76%) cases devided as 45 cows (2l.42%)local cows and 28cows (l3.33%) crosses cows and they were not affected by acertianseason with the exception of their highest incidence in winter. the results shows . that the percentage of cross cows higher than the percentage of local cows signilicantly(p< 0.0l). There is not significant correlation between seasons and affection cows with infertility .But the results shows that the local breed is more resistant to infertility problems than cross breed.

The effect of three dietary regimes: - high fat ((1-If), low protein (Lp), and High. fat low protein (HfLp) was studied on 3 groups of 21 days old Balb/c mice .A fourth group received balanced diet as ' control (C). histological pictures of large intestine (colon) was examined after 3,6,l2 weeks after weaning time (day 0) ofexperiment .body weight was determined on weekly bases for the four groups. Significant differences were detected amongmeans of body weights ofexperimental animals in comparison with control group as following: - Hf>C>HfLp>LP. — ' - Profound histological changes of colon were observed specially in the Hflp group in process of time. Significant differences in numbers of goblet cells and thickness ofthe adventitial layer of colon was detected, the numbers of goblet cells were reduced in LP group, while their numbers increased in Hf group.

An attempt wasmade to study the analgesic effect of oil extract of Nigella sativa . seed, apple vinegar, honey and their combination. These materials were administered orally to male mice and were tested using a model of animal of pain (hot plate test). The result showed that N. sativa oil had a good analgesic effect, increasing hot plate latencies by 57.7%. Similar analgesic effect was produced by apple vinegar. Honey was much less effective; it produced only 52% increase in hot plate time. The effect of apple vinegar and honey was dose dependent. Combination of N. sativa with vinegar or honey did not result in enhancement of effect of N. saliva oil when measured, one hour after administration. However, potentiation effect was found between N. sativa oil and apple vinegar when the analgesic effect was measured at 4 and 6 hours after oral administration.

The bacterial and fungal population in the rumen fluid was measured by using different cultures media and incubation temperature. The higher mean of mesophils and staphylococci was found in the rumenal fluid of goat. While higher mean of psachrophils,, colzform and fungi count was observed in the rumenal fluid of cow. Significant mean difference among microbial population in the rumenal fluid was observed among cow, goat and buffalo concerning the mesophils bacteria. Also significant mean difference was observed in Escherchia coli mean count among goat, buffalo and cow rumenal fluid microbial population .There was no significant difference in the mean count of mesophils, coliform, staphylococci and fungi. A freshly isolated. E.coli from rumenal fluid of goat had antibacterial activity against Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus.

The present study is to describe the histological characterization of rat neuromuscular receptors and their density in relationship to extrafusal muscle fibres. Neuromuscular receptors or (muscle spindles) were identified and isolated from fore and hindlimb muscles and examined by the light microscope. The _average numbers and densities of muscle spindles were found comparable to some other mammals. . Each muscle spindle was contained 2-4 intrafusal muscle fibres . Three types of intrafusal muscle fibres were distinguished as large (L), medium (M) and small (S). All muscle spindles innervated by sensory and motor nerve fibres which branching from spindle nerve trunk.

As a component of a large research programme to evaluate the effects. of contaminants on fish health in the fields , histopathological studies have been conducted to help establish meat of causal relationships between contaminants exposure and various biological responses and use of those responses as biomarker to aquatic pollution . Two fish species C. carpio and L. abu were sampled from four sites near of industrialize and human pollution areas from _ Shatt Al-Arab River ,while the fifth place was considered as control because it's far located from direct pollution sources . Some of histological and physiological alterations were examined in both gills and blood . The alterations were significantly higher in fish collected from two places ( 1 & 2 ) compare with other sites , histological was represented by hyperplasia , hypertrophy , bleeding , inflammations , edema , necrosis , epithelial separation and clubbing shaped , while , physiological was represented‘ by decrease of Na+ , K+ , Ca” concentrations , Chloride cells number and increase of respiratory diffusion distance , in addition to , increase of micronuclear of red blood cells . all fish in fifth place didn't showed any histological and physiological responses and retained their rates of the normal level compares with other places

A total of 24 adult male aged 32 weeks from Iraqi local drakes were used in this study to determined some semen characterization, drakes devided randomly into three equal groups and subjected to three semen collection frequencies (once daily, twice daily and once every 2 days) for- 18 consecutive days. The study revealed the following results: 1- Semen characteristics of Iraqi local drakes were, semen volume 0.65ml, spermatozoa concentration 3.52 X 10 9, sperm motility and Abnormality 81.64, 13.14% respectively, pll value 7.1 and individual motility 84.2%. The concentration of glucose, protein and cholesterol in semen plasma were 95.8ml/100ml, 1.22mg/ 100 ml and 102.4 Mnol/ml respectively. 2— The total mean semen volume over 18 days period and total number of spermatozoa produced by the drakes increased significantly as the collection frequency in creased from once over 2 days to twice daily from 3.42 to 8.90ml and 5.85 x 109 to 10.72 x 109 respectively. 3- The average semen volume per collection and the average number of spermatozoa per ejaculate decreased significantly as the collection frequency increased from once over 2days to twice daily from 0.91 to 0.67ml and 1.96 X 109 to 0.92 X 10 9 respectively. 1- , 4- No significantly difference showed on concentration of spermatozoa with the . frequency of collection over 3 periods. 5- Analysis of semen from birds were ejaculated twice daily was showed that the second collection inferior to the first in total number of spermatozoa, total volume of semen and concentration of spermatozoa.

The pattern of growth and carcass composition of indigenous Iraqi black goats were assessed through serial slaughter and carcass dissection of 36 kids at six different growth phases. The general linear model procedure and allometric growth ‘equations were used to assess the effects of various factors and differential growth of carcass components, ' respectively. Results showed that kids growth and carcass composition were significantly (P< 0-05 to P< O-O01) affected by the growth phase and sex of kids. The effects of growth phase clearly showed that slower growth of the body and of carcass components were observed during the third phase (i.e. after weaning). Although there was an effect on fat to lean ratios (P _ < 005), growth phase had no significant effect on dressing out proportion, and lean to bone ratios. A significant influence of sex (P < 0-O5) "was observed on lean to bone ratios. The log/log regression of weights of dissectible carcass components on hot carcass and empty body weight showed that the differential growth of bone was declining and that of lean was isometric relative to the growth of empty body weight. For carcass fat, the allometric growth coefficients (b) of 1.6 indicated that fat is a late maturing body component. Moreover the growth of carcass fat relative to empty body weight in local goat was slower than that reported for other goat breeds