For nearly 50 years the ixodid tick Hyalomma marginatum turanicum, reputedly introduced into South Africa on imported Persian sheep, has been considered identical to the Asian Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) marginatum turanicum Pomerantzev, 1946. Comparisons of this tick with the Asian H. (E.) m. turanicum and other subspecies of Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) marginatum, however, reveal that it is an old taxon, namely Hyalomma rufipes glabrum Delpy, 1949. It is hereby reinstated as Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) glabrum, and its adults are redescribed and its immature stages described for the first time. The preferred hosts of its adults are large herbivores such as zebras, gems bok and eland, on which it occurs during summer. The preferred hosts of its immature stages are scrub hares and ground-frequenting birds, on which it is present during autumn and winter. Data on its distribution and possible disease relationships are also provided.

Experimental transmissions of cloned Theileria parva in cattle with Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks were compared to transmissions with uncloned T. parva during studies on the potential for genetic recombination during syngamy of Theileria to produce antigenic diversity for evasion of bovine immunity. Prevalence and abundance of T. parva infection in adult ticks, which resulted from the feeding of nymphs on the calves, were significantly higher in the uncloned compared to the cloned T. parva. Development of sporoblasts of T. parva in the ticks to produce infective sporozoites was similar. There was no statistically significant difference in the clinical course of infection in cattle between cloned and uncloned T. parva. It was concluded that cloned T. parva has characteristics that reduce its viability during the tick stages of its life cycle.

The ultrastructure of the follicular wall in primordial, previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles of the sexually immature ostrich is described in the present study. The follicular wall consists of a zona radiata, granulosa cell layer, basal lamina and thecal layer. Cytoplasmic processes from the plasma membranes of the granulosa cell layer and the ovocyte form the zona radiata in previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles. The granulosa cell layer transforms from simple cuboidal epithelium in primordial follicles to simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar epithelium in previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles. Transosomes were observed along the apical and lateral plasma membranes of granulosa cells. The thecal layer in previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles consists of interna and externa components. The fibroblasts in the theca externa contain microfilaments, which are thought to be actin filaments. The study revealed ultrastructural features, which are associated with the transportation of yolk precursors and nutrients into the ovoplasm. In addition, the study indicates that, although the cells in the theca externa contain microfilaments, they do not possess the ultrastructural characteristics of smooth muscle cells.

Greater attention has been paid to the traditional medical practices in general and herbal medicine in particular even in the developed countries. This study aimed to investigate Allium porrum seeds for its potential contraction or relaxation effect on small intestine in rabbits by using organ bath in vitro. In order to establish a dose-response curve for the plant, six male rabbits were used in the experiment. Pharmacological studies of the plant were done by comparing between intestinal contraction after addition of the plant alone as agonist, and intestinal contraction after the addition ofboth antaigon”ist’iidrugs then the plant extract. A Allium porrum, showed a statistically significant dose-depend increase of intestinal contraction.Atropine, adrenaline, and chlorpheniramine reduce the effect of A. porrum on intestinal contraction. Both cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms may involve the action of the plant with more potent muscarinic action

The heads ol‘ ten adult goats ol‘ both sexes were used to study the hypothalamic blood supply .lt was found that the hypothalamus is ‘supplied by branches of cranial cerebral , cranial communicating arteries, caudal communicating as well as from tiny branches of ophthalmic artery. The blood supply ol‘ mammillary body branches from the caudal cerebral, communicating and last branches ol‘ basilar artery. The hypothalamus is rather small in comparison to the rest of brain. Its blood supply is extremely rich , feeding from many branches ofcranial cerebral arteries that forms the circle ofwillis. This indicates that the hypothalamus has very high activity.

This study was conducted in Basrah at period from March through July 2000 .The protein extract from Bovine dander was prepared with extraction followed by purification and fractionation by gel filtration into tow peaks. Elisa inhibition with serum samples from 77 patients who were sensitive to bovine dander, revealed similar lgE,lgG binding patterns for each peak. Also, there is a cross —reaction . between these two peaks.PeakII exhibited the highest IgE binding inhibition and showed a specific allergenic activity about two fold higher than that of peakI.The allergenecity ofpurified allergen was not lost during purification process.

An allergic extracts from cow's, goat's and buffalo's milk were prepared with extraction, followed by purification and fractionation by gel filtration, one major peak was obtained from cow, goat and buffalo milk with molecular weight of23KD, 26 KD, ISKD respectively. Total and specific IgE ELISA testing was performed on I37 patients serum samples. The . rate of specific IgE positive ELISA results was 58%in ease of patients tested with goat milk allergen and 57% in case of patients tested with buffalo milk allergen. There were significant differences I’

The study was conducted on two groups of individuals. Group A (treatment) consisted of l0 healthy volunteers who were administrated garlic (Allium sativum) for thirty days and then followed for another 30 days without garlic. Group B(control) ll healthy subjects served as a control. Garlic ingestion significantly lowered (p0.05) in systolic B. Pr. on male, female and total. Significantly lowered (p

Three groups of male mice, ten mice each, were treated by gossypol acetic acid for (38) day by oral rote successively: group one treated with normal saline served as control, group two treated with 20 mg/Kg. BW. and group three treated with 40 mg/Kg. BW. The treated males were direct faced individually with adult males for aggressive behavior tests, and virgin female diestrus for sexual behavior tests. The results were as follow: the group two and three did not mice show any copulation activities during the 3- hour of observation, group two as well as three mice had less initiative in attacking their opponents and tended to avoid any longer contacts in combating. Afterward group two and three mice got significant body weight changes compared with group one (control). Therefore, the suggested conclusion of the study was gossypol tended to reduce the aggressiveness and sexual activity, but moreover body weight of the male mice was decreased.

The present study is an attempt to determine the Etiology (Bacterial & Parasitic) of Buffaloes Pulmonary Lesions. For this purpose samples of(105) affected lungs were collected ’ "from abattoirs. of the cities in southern part of Iraq named (Basra, Amara, Nassirya and the Qurna). * 1 Samples of the investigation were obtained through the examination of a total of (917) lung apparently healthy buffaloes examined in six months period from 1st of October 1980 to end ofMarch 1990. Among the encountered Pulmonary Lesions, (68) = eases ((>4.7(>%) were associated with bacterial isolation and from (6) cases (5.71%) no etiology identified. The various bacterial isolates associate with different pulmonary lesions are mentioned and it's significance is discussed. Pulmonary parasitic infection were encountered in (31) cases « (29.5%) of all types of lung affection observed among which one case (3.2%) was caused by V Dict. viviparous and one case of migration of liver flakes (Fasciola gigantic) twenty nine (93.2%) due to larval ofthe tape worm (echinococcus granulose ).