Faecal samples of 264 sheep from 4 different sheep farms belonging to three different districts of Karnataka were screened to note the incidence of gastrointestinal nematodes. It was found that 93% of the sheep harboured strongyle infection. The faecal egg counts were found to be light to moderate. The in vitro egg hatch assay was employed to assess the resistance of strongyles in 4 sheep farms. The ED50 value for albendazole ranged between 2.5μg/ml to 6.9 μg/ ml which indicated the resistance of the gastrointestinal nematodes. All the samples were also subjected to another in vitro test, viz., larval development assay. The values ranged between 3-2μg to 4.2μg / ml which also indicated the development of resistance to albendazole. Larval paralysis assay confirmed the development of resistance to albendazole. 

The gross studies on the hippocampus were made on 10 specimens each of calves and adults of the Indian buffalo. The hippocampus was a curved elevation, lying immediately ventral to the splenium of the corpus callosum, dorsal to the lateral aspect of the thalamus. It occupied the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. The ventricular surface of the hippocampus was covered by a thin layer of white matter, the alveus. Rostrolaterally the alveus joined a thick fibrous band, the hippocampal fimbria which connected the alveus to the fornix. On the ventromedial aspect, a deep groove, the hippocampal sulcus, separated this surface into lateral and medial portions. 

Punganur breed of cattle in Andhra Pradesh is under the threat of extinction and efforts are being made for conservation, propagation of this breed under in situ conservation. All breedable female animals were bred to Punganur bulls available by natural service. The average birth weights of male and female calves were 10.31 ± 0.43 kg and 10.35 ± 0.75 kg, respectively. The mean height at withers, chest girth ,body length, pin bones width, paunch girth, poll length, tail length, and ear length in male calves  were 45.81 ± 1.05, 46.72 ± 1.34, 43.90 ± 1.29, 7.54 ± 0.73, 45 ± 1.2, 18.09 ± 0.94, 27.45 ± 1.77, 8.54 ± 0.7 cm, respectively. Majority of the calves were born with a mixture of white and brown coat colour, black muzzle, black colour hooves and black switch. The average lactation milk yield was 457.5 ± 81 liters with a lactation length of 153 ± 24 days. The average daily milk yield and peak yield were 3.04 ± 0.16 and 3.90 ± 0.17 liters respectively with an average 5.4 % fat and 9.53 % S.N.F.

A two year old male cat was presented to the Emergency and Critical Care Unit with a history of inappetence after paracetamol 300 mg (Half tablet of 600 mg) administration overnight. On clinical examination the cat had a mild elevation of vital signs. Based on history and clinical signs the case was diagnosed as paracetamol poisoning and treated with activated charcoal a total dose of 3 g)orally and N-acetyl cysteine intravenously at 140 mg/kg along with Ringer’s lactate, 10 ml/kg b.wt. The owner was advised to administer Nacetyl cysteine at 70 mg/kg orally for every 6 hours for five times. After treatment the cat was recovered successfully.

Commercial cocktail enzymes were collected from the market and evaluated for enzyme activity. Among the enzyme preparations which is having more enzyme activity was selected for invitro evaluation by using de oiled rice bran as substrate. The results of the present study indicated that a significant (P < 0.05) and linear increase in the release of glucose and reducing sugars with the increase in the level of enzyme mixtures from 0 to 7.5 mg / 10 g of DORB.

The present study describes the cloning and expression of endoglucanase gene from termite gut bacteria. Salmonella enterica with cellulolytic activity was  isolated from the gut of the termite Odontotermes formosanus and characterized by sugar fermentation tests, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA  sequencing. Endoglucanase gene was amplified from the genomic DNA of the bacteria and the purified 1.72 Kbp Polymerase chain reaction product was cloned into pET100 prokaryotic vector. The recombinant plasmid expressed a 65kDa endoglucanase which reacted with anti His-HRP antibody in western blotting. Cellulolytic activity of the recombinant plasmid was confirmed by congo red assay and the enzyme activity was found to be 54 Units/ml.

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) on performance and intestinal integrity in broilers.  A total of 300 day old Vencobb chicks were randomized in 5 groups, each with 6 replications (5x6) 10 birds per replicate. Groups provided with Sb ( 2 × 108 cfu/kg) in 0,0.02,0.04,0.08 and 0.16 mg/L in D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 respectively through water up to 42 days of age with adlibitum isonitrogenous and isocaloric ration. The results revealed, a significant (p<0.05) improvement in body weight gain, better FCR with increased concentration of Sb in water (D5). No significant variation was observed in feed intake with the level of Sb in water. Intestinal villus height, cryptal depth increased in groups with increased Sb. The results suggest that supplementation of Sb  at 0.16mg/L through drinking water  improved  the performance of the broilers by increasing the absorption capacity in the gut. 

A study was conducted to analyse the migratory sheep production system in southern agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu. A total of 100 migratory sheep farmers were randomly selected for the study and divided as small (< 175), medium (175- 350) and large (> 350) flocks based on the average flock size for comparison. The migratory tracts were identified based on the results of the enquiry from the sheep farmers, animal husbandry department personnel and by direct identification. A total number of 78 migratory tracts comprising 28 major and 50 minor tracts were identified in the study area. The mean radial distance (km) of migration in major tracts was 317.00±6.21 and minor tract was 148.40±6.21. 

Coagulase negative Staphylococci were considered as commensal organisms or contaminants with limited pathogenic potential. However, they are becoming more frequently associated with nosocomial infections in human and skin infections in animals. In this study, we attempted to isolate and identify the Staphylococci species that causes dermatological infections in dogs. Out of 35 isolates, 27 were identified as S.pseudintermedius and 3 as S.schleiferisubspschleiferi. Among three S.schleiferi isolates, 2 were closely related to S.schleiferi ATCC strain in pta gene sequences.  Methicillin resistant gene (mecA) was not detected in these isolates. All three isolates were susceptible to oxacillin, amikacin, gentamicin and tetracycline, intermediate susceptibility to ceftriaxone and resistant to Penicillin, ampicillin, sulphadiazine. S.schleiferi is an emerging cause of infections in veterinary patients. None of the isolate produced biofilm in microtitre tissue culture plate adherence method. This is the first report of isolation and identification of S.schleiferi from canine skin infections from India. Further studies are needed for early detection and virulence factors of S.schleiferi in the pathogenesis of pyoderma and otitis in dogs.

The socioeconomic importance of nomadic donkey rearing, perception on health benefits of donkey milk and the marketing channels involved remain unexplored. This paper aims at providing details on nomadic donkey rearing, a traditional system prevailing in Tamil Nadu. Donkey played a significant role in the livelihood of its owners who had migrated throughout Tamil Nadu for selling donkey milk.  They traversed around 30 – 40 km per day to sell the donkey milk besides meeting the grazing needs of the donkeys. Majority of the nomadic donkey rearers were young to middle aged and were scheduled tribes. Two third of the respondents were involved in nomadic donkey rearing for nearly eight months in a year and for the remaining four months they earned their livelihood as  agricultural labourers. The study revealed that on an average, lactating jenny yield milk for six months. At the end of the lactation period, the donkey rearers sold the dry jenny to the traders and in turn purchased the lactating jenny from them. The nomadic donkey rearers believed that the donkey milk had medicinal benefits to cure ailments such as ulcer, indigestion, pneumonia,  jaundice, leukorrhea and hypernatremia. The respondents preferred institutional support in marketing donkey milk so that they could settle in one place and thrive better.