Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) is a sporadic, idiopathic, non suppurative inflammatory disease of the canine central nervous system. GME appears to have a worldwide distribution and to occur mostly in young to middle-age dogs of small breeds. A 6-year-old female mixed dog with wry neck, ataxia and rolling was submitted to the Cheju National University for diagnosis. Grossly, in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid was mildly increased and dilatation of the subarachnoid blood vessels was observed. Histopathologically, the lesions were characterized by perivascular cuffs of lymphocytes, various numbers of macrophages and plasma cells in the brainstem and cerebral white matter. Numerous granuloma composed of lymphocytes and histiocytes were scattered throughout the brainstem. Two malacic foci characterized by axonal swelling and gitter cell infiltration with hemorrhage were noted in the medulla oblongata and cerebellum. Special stains failed to demonstrate any infectious agents. Immunohistochemically, the infiltrated cells demonstrated strong positive reactions for CD3, a marker for T lymphocytes origin. Based on the clinical signs, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry, this case was diagnosed as GME in a mixed dog.

A high incidence of Anisakiasis has been reported in many countries where people eat frequently raw or undercooked seafood. Anisakis spp. larvae were obtained from the mackerel acquired from a fish market of Cheongju city. They were divided into several groups and placed in culture dishes containing RPMI-1640 (culture media), in the presence or absence of different concentrations of herbal extracts (Meliae ezadarach, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Quisqualis indica var villosa). The objective of the present study was to investigate the activity of larval migration inhibition in vitro. Meliae ezadarach at the concentrations of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/ml effectively inhibited the larvae migration in time-dependent manner during experimental period of 0-24 h. Treatment of Meliae ezadarach at the three concentrations completely inhibited the larvae migration in vitro. Dryopteris crassirhizoma at the concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 mg/ml also effectively inhibited the larvae migration in a time-dependent manner. The treatment of Dryopteris crassirhizoma for 12 h completely inhibited the larvae migration. The inhibitory effect of Dryopteris crassirhizoma was stronger than that of Meliae ezadarach. Although Quisqualis indica var villosa also showed the inhibitory effect on larvae migration, its inhibitory efficacy was the weakest among tested herbal extracts. These results indicated that some herbal extracts may be useful in controlling human anisakiasis.

A 17-month-old intact male Cocker Spaniel was presented with primary complaints of severe ascites, exercise intolerance, and diarrhea. Diagnostic studies revealed tricuspid and pulmonic regurgitation on phonocardiogram, right ventricular enlargement on the electrocardiogram, typical right cardiac enlargement signs on the thoracic radiography and tricuspid valve malformation and marked enlargement of the right atrium and right ventricle on the echocardiography and tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation on the color spectral echocardiography, suggesting tricuspid valve dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Using angiography and cardiac catheterization, pulmonary hypertension was ruled out. Further echocardiographic study revealed membranous valvular structures cranial to pulmonary annulus causing pulmonary regurgitation. Based on these findings on the diagnostic investigation, the case was diagnosed as tricuspid valve dysplasia complicated with pulmonic regurgitation. The dog was medically managed with furosemide, enalapril, nitroglycerine transdermal patch and pimobendan after the ascitic fluid removal.

A 2-year-old female Pekingese dog was presented with primary complaints including exercise intolerance and neurological sign associated with hepatic encephalopathy. The major findings in clinical examination included an intermittent seizure, a slow heart rate with pulse deficit, leukocytosis and anemia in hemogram, elevated pre- and post-prandial serum bile acid and hepatic enzymes, hypoproteinemia, coagulopathy, ammonium urate crystaluria and bilirubinuria. Diagnostic tests revealed an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt complicated with a second degree atrioventricular block and QT prolongation. The case was successfully treated with a transvenous coil embolization. Clinical signs were gradually improved and cardiac bradyarrhythmia disappeared. This case is a rare case of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts complicated with a cardiac bradyarrhythmia in a small breed dog fixed by a transvenous coil embolization.

The testis and epididymis are important organs of the male reproductive system; the function is to produce, mature, transport, and store sperm. It is important to understand the localization and expression of specific proteins based for the studies of its physiological processes. In the study, we investigated the expression and distribution of galectin-3, one beta-galactoside-binding proteins, in the testis and epididymis of mouse using western blot and immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of galectin-3, 29 kDa protein, was low in the testis. In the epididymis, high expression was detected in the body and tail part, but moderate expression in the head part. By immunohistochemical analysis, we found that positive localization of galectin-3 was detected in some myoid cells and Leydig cells in the testis, but few in the seminiferous tubules. In the epididymis, galectin-3 was intensely expressed in the epithelium of epididymis, especially in the epithelium of both body and tail epididymis. Collectively, these results suggest that galcetin-3 is constitutively expressed in the testis and epididymis of mouse with varying intensity, and the role of galectin-3 in the male reproductive organ may be involved in the specific function of its structures.

This study was carried out to evaluate the antitumor, hepatoprotective and antimutagenic activities on hot water extract of Phellinus gilvus (PGE). Growth of tumor in mice that were orally given 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 gㆍkg-¹ dose of PGE was inhibited in a dose-dependant manner (p less than 0.05). The hepatoprotective effect of PGE in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-intoxicated rats was studied. In CCl₄+PGE groups, PGE was orally administered with 100 mg/kg/day dose 7 days before the treatment of CCl₄. The serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in CCl₄+PGE group were decreased at a rate of 59.6% and 54.1% compared with those in CCl₄ group, respectively (p less than 0.05). Also, total cholesterol and triglyceride in CCl₄+PGE group were significantly decreased at a rate of 90% and 73.6% compared with those in CCl₄ group (p less than 0.05). In the Ames test, we confirmed PGE doesn't have any activity as a mutant, and PGE showed inhibitory effect against mutagenesis induced by 2-amino fluride and sodium azide in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA 1535 in a dose-dependent manner. From the above results, we may suggest that PGE might have useful as a material for functional food and/or animal pharmaceutics.

The present study was carried out to develop a sustained release implantable formula of bovine somatotropin (SRIF-BST) and to examine its sustained ralease effect. The SRIF-BST was produced by coating a solid pellet, which was comprised of BST and an excipient, made of a biodegradable polymer and poloxamer, which are capable of regulating the rate of BST release. The coated membrane of SRIF-BST was observed with a field emission scanning election microscope. The thickness of the coated membrane was approximately 1 ㎛, and the pore sizes of the coated membrane surface were below 10 ㎛. In dissolution test, the release duration of the SRIF-BST maintained for 10 days, whereas the release duration of the control BST formula maintained for 3 days. In weight gain assay and tibia test of hypophysectomized rats, the release duration of the SRIF-BST treated group was 12 days and the net weight gain was 53.16 g, also the tibia length and strength of the SRIF-BST treated group was increased 10.5% and 23.1% compared with those of the control group, respectively.

In veterinary medicine amitraz has been used as an insecticide to eliminates mites, lice, and ticks in dogs, cats, goats, swine and cattle. The objective of present study was to developed an analytical method using one-step extraction and determination of the amitraz in veterinary drugs by liquid chromatography (LC). The amitraz was analyzed by LC equipped with Waters XTerra RP18 (4.8×250 mm; 5 ㎛; Waters, USA) analytical column, using 75% acetonitrile (acetonitrile/D.W; 75/25) at 1.0 ml/min. The UV-VIS detection of amitraz was made at 290 nm. Calibration graphs were linear with very good correlation coefficients (r² greater than 0.9999) from 80~120 ㎍/ml. The limit of detection was 0.09 ㎍/ml and limit of quantification was 0.27 ㎍/ml. The method showed good intra-day precision (CV 0.05~0.09%) and inter-day precision (CV 0.06~0.18%).

The effect of pancuronium bromide (0.025 mg/kg. B.W.) alone or combined with diazepam (1mg/Kg. I.V) were evaluated in six adult ewes. Pancuronium bromide alone exhibited a muscle relaxants effect, but without analgesia. All baseline measurements were taken before the administration the anesthetic agent and were repeated at 5,10,15,20 and 25 min. intervals after induction an aesthesia alone or combination with diazepam . it was found that heart rate decreased at 5 min.,but respiratory rate did change at 5-25 min. and it was significantly at 15,20 and 25 min. Pancuronium bromide – diazepam combination is responsible for declined respiratory rate and decumbency position in early stage. Pancuronium bromide – diazepam induce effective and safe an aesthesia for periods 45 minutes, due to competitive diazepam as a sedative effect of muscle relaxation. Adequate strength and duration of analgesia due to prevent impulse transmission histamine and ensured rapid and safe recovery

Fifty liver and lung samples (25 for each) were examend for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus . The rate of S. aureus isolates were 60 and 56% in livers and lungs respectively. Identification of S. aureus isolates were performed by studying, it's cultural characteristics on mannitol salt agar and testing their pathogenicity factors (Coagulase, haemolysis and B-lactmase production), 72.4% of isolates were coagulase positive, 58.6% were β-lactamase producer, 62.1% were β-haemolytic and 37.9% were α-haemolytic. There was a difference in the ablity of S. aureus isolates to produce B-lactamase concerning the time of decolourization when iodometric assay was used.