This work was applied on sixty cheese samples represented by Kareish ,cheddar and Romano cheeses (20 of each).The samples were submitted to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for qualitative and quantitative determination of biogenic amines .The results were summarized as Kareish cheese has higher concentrations of Tyramine and Cadaverine in low and high levels of manufacturing quality ( 29.64 ± 1.72 and 9.91 ± 0.60 mg/100gm) and (17.48 ± 1.09 and 5.61± 0.37 mg/100gm) respectively, Meanwhile, Histamine level was higher in both levels of Romano cheese (22.96 ± 1.17 and 18.35± 1.12 mg/100gm) respectively. Putrescine represented in high levels in cheddar cheese (13.40 ± 1.02 and 10.61 ± 0.74 mg/100gm) respectively. Comparing with the Egyptian Organization for Standardization"EOS" (1996), all the cheese samples were not exceeded the permissible level of Cadaverine in contrast with the other biogenic amines. The study concluded that presence of high concentrations of biogenic amines reflect the bad hygienic conditions under which they produced and stored

The use of haematological techniques to assess fish health is generally accepted. The aim of the current study was to determine selected haematological changes that occur in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). infected with trypanosomes. Blood films were prepared according to standard techniques to confirm trypanosome infections and whole blood was collected, the serum and plasma separated, and prepared for albumin and total protein concentration analysis. Plasma albumin levels were significantly higher in infected wild caught fish than in uninfected wild caught fish and uninfected breeding stock. Serum albumin levels were significantly lower in infected wild caught fish when compared to uninfected breeding stock. The total plasma and serum protein levels were within the normal range for C. gariepinus, that is, 3 g – 6 g/100 mL. The total plasma protein levels varied significantly between the three groups. However, the total serum protein levels were only significantly different between uninfected breeding stock and uninfected wild caught fish, as well as uninfected breeding stock and infected wild caught fish. The total protein levels were significantly higher in infected wild caught fish than in the other groups, a possible indication of an infection or inflammatory host response.

The study investigated the effect of various doses of carbendazim on the morphology of the magnum of the Japanese quail. No morphological changes were observed in the magnum in birds treated with carbendazim at doses of 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg bodyweight. A carbendazim dose of 400 mg/kg bodyweight was the lowest dose which caused morphological changes in the magnum. Histologically, carbendazim caused pyknosis and glandular atrophy in the magnum mucosa. Carbendazim also caused significant decreases in the height of the mucosal folds, epithelial height, glandular width and glandular luminal diameter at 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg (p < 0.05). At ultrastructural level, dose-dependent deciliation was observed. Pyknotic nuclei, dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, numerous vacuoles and lysosomes in the luminal and glandular epithelia were identified. The observed degenerative changes could be due to cytoskeletal disruption caused by carbendazim toxicity. Degeneration of the luminal and glandular cells in the magnum pose a potential threat to the egg production and reproduction of exposed birds.

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ginger (zingiber officinale) in preventing oxidative stress ,lipid peroxidation and changes in trace elements induced by cadmium toxicity in male rabbits . For this purpose twenty four of adult male rabbits were divided randomly in to four groups ( 6 in each). Group 1 was given distilled water and considered as control group, group 2 received ( 10mg/kg B.w) of cadmium chloride , group 3 received ( 100mg/ kg B.w) of ginger extract plus (10mg/kg B.w) of cadmium chloride , group 4 received (200mg/ kg B.w) of ginger extract plus of cadmium chloride(10mg/kg B.w) . All treatments were orally given a single dose for 35 days. The water and food were provided add libitum. After the end of the treatment blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis to estimate serum Malondialdehyde ( MDA) , Antioxidant activity (Glutathione , Superoxide dismutase and Catalase ) and Trace elements (Zinc, Copper and Iron ) . The result showed that the administration of cadmium chloride resulted in a high concentration of malondialdehyde ( MDA) and caused a significant decrease in both superoxide dismutase and catalase and reduced glutathione. Serum levels of trace elements were also significantly decreased. While , ginger extract administration and cadmium chloride increased and restored their levels to near normal in comparing with cadmium chloride treated rabbits.

An investigation into ectoparasites of sheep and goats was carried out in Duhok province North West region of Iraq, during six months of a year, from January to June 2010. One thousand and two hundred forty eight (1248) sheep and 954 goats in 110 flocks from 80 villages were examined. Among them overall animals (66.89%) were infested with one or more species of ectoparasites. Of 720 (57.7%) and of 753 (78.9%) sheep and goats, respectively were infested. Five different types of ectoparasites, ticks (46.7%, 34.9%), lice (3.8%, 33.8%), mites (7.1%, 0.1%), fleas (2.8%, 7.75%) and ked (1.2%, 4.5%) were identified sheep and goats, respectively. Five species of hard ticks (Ixodidae) were identified in both sheep and goats, namely Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicun (48.37%, 13.5%), H. marginatum (18.01%, 8.1%), Rhipicephalus sanguineous (21.09%, 39.93%), R. turanicus (16.8%, 49.54%) and Haemaphysalis ssp. (2.5%, 0.9%). Two species of lice were infested each one of animal these namely, Damalinia Ovis (75%) and Linognathus stenopsis (33.3%) on sheep, and D. caprae (80.74%) and L.stenopsis (19.2%) on goats. Sheep were highly infested with two species of mites, Sarcoptes scabiei (25.84%) and Psoroptes Ovis (74.15%) than the goats, which one goat was found (0.1%) infested with S. scabiei. Three species of fleas were found infested both sheep and goats. Out of 106 collected fleas (47.2%, 43.4%, 9.4%) were Ctenocephalides felis felis, Pulex irritans and Xenopsylla cheopis, respectively. However, the only one species of Ked Melophagus ovinus were infested (1.2%) of sheep and (4.5%) of goats.

Fourty fresh water grass carp fish weighing about (35.75 ± 0.60) g were obtained from fish aquaria by, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Iraq. First the. Fish were individually examined for external necrosis and infections. Healthy and see it very active in the study. The physiochemical characteristics of water used for acclimation in control and polluted water that were used for the fish of experiment were daily recorded. The results of the present study show that the blood parameters ( RBC and WBC counts and Hb content) for fresh water grass carp fish were greater than those values of polluted water grass carp fish and also show increased number of dead fish among polluted grass carp, in reverse of fresh water ones. Physicochemical characteristics of water did not affect the result

A substantial advance in our understanding on the estrogen signaling occurred in the last decade. Estrogens interact with two receptors, ESR1 and ESR2, also known as ERα and ERβ, respectively. ESR1 and ESR2 belong to the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. 24 male mice divided into four groups as following : negative control, low dose group, intermediate dose group and high dose group, the groups of treatment were injected with estrogen at different doses while the negative control group were injected with normal saline (by method of intramuscular injection for all groups) and after 6 weeks all animals had been killed and the prostate was picked up and sectioned to reveal the histopathological changes. the study found that the injection of exogenous estrogen result in marked hyperplasia of the prostatic tissue and the hyperplasia increased significantly with elevation of the estrogen dose. In conclusion injection of exogenous estrogen lead to prostate hyperplasia through its action on the estrogen receptors which present in both stromal and epithelial component of the prostate

The aim of this study investigate the effects of long term administration of Dexamethasone (DEX.) 17 β-estradiol (EST.) on body weight, concentration of some hormones ( Leptin, thyroid and reproductive hormone) in addition to determination of lipid profile of female rabbits blood serum. Thirty local rabbits were subdivided randomly and equally into three groups. The first group was used as a control which injected with normal saline . The second group was injected daily (0.5mg /kg B.W) DEX . Intramuscularly. The third group was injected subcutaneously daily with 0.3 mg /kg B.W s/c 17 β-estradiol. All groups in this study were treated for 60 days , and blood collected every 15 days. Serum was tested for leptin, LH, FSH, T3, T4 hormones total Cholesterol(TC), HDL(height density lipo-protein), LDL (low density lipo- protein),TG (triglycerides), Body weight was taken every 15 days from the first day . The result showed significant (P≤0.05) decreased in body weight after administration of both dexamethasone (DEX.) and Estrogen (EST.), significant increased in leptin concentration with dexamethasone (DEX.) Treatment while significant decreased with Estrogen (EST.) treatment, in the other hand LH and FSH concentration showed significant decreased in both treatment dexamethasone (DEX.) and Estrogen (EST.) thyroid hormone show significant decreased with dexamethasone (DEX.) Treatment and significant increased T3 & T4 hormone with Estrogen (EST.) treatment as compare with control while the increase in the T4 it was occurred only in the periods (45and 60)days within treatment groups , lipid profile (TC,TG,LDL, HDL,VLDL) show significant increased with DEX. treatment while Significant decreased with EST. treatment