This study was carried out to investigate the effect that result from taking 40 mg /kg BW of purified lignan from the seed of flax Linum usitatissimum L. in the growth and development of mammary glands during virgin , pregnancy and lactating stages for 14 days. Thirty (30) rabbits were used in this experiment divided into six groups, two groups at maturity (virgin) stage, two groups at pregnancy stages and two groups at lactating stages (5 rabbitseach group). The following studies were decided: histological, histochemical, biochemical and hormonal studies for each group. Microscopic examination of mammary gland in the virgin rabbits that treated with pure flax lignan showed more growth in the size of lobules and alveoli. In pregnant, the treated groups showed more branching of alveoli with more flattened epithelium. In lactating treated group showed the lobules were expanded and contained more branching alveoli with discontinuous flattened epithelium. The PAS staining reaction of histological sections of mammary gland from treated groups and control were showed positive reactions in all groups. The biochemical studies showed a significant increase (p

The current study was accomplished to investigate the toxicity of naproxen sodium (NAP) in white rats, and then to detect the pathogenesis of NSAIDs-induced gastro-intestinal injury. The study included the usage of main effective(naproxen) on (48) male and female white rats, They were divided into four groups, and each group contained(12) rats, divided as follows. group-C, which treated with normal saline, group(L) was low dose which received (5mg/kg) of naproxen sodium, group(I) was given intermediate dose ,which received (10mg/kg) and group(H) represented high dose, which received (20mg/kg). The drug administrated by oral gavage for three months. Results of the study included the macroscopic changes such as minimal changes of the gastric mucosa or lining epithelium in the wall of stomach, also included ulceration of the small intestine, in addition there was increase length of the villi and presence of inflammatory cells in lamina properia, and also there was degeneration of mucosal epithelium and mucosal glands in the lamina propria of the stomach, There was vacuolation of mucous lining cells of the stomach, and there was inflammatory cells in the serosa, presence of prominant ganglionic cells in the distal part of muscularis externa of the stomach. The pathological changes of high dose of naproxen was more severe than intermediate dose(group-I) and low dose(group- L).

This study was conducted on serum from 6 different regions covering all parts of the Basrah province during the period from October 2012 to June 2013 in order to determine the prevalence of foot and mouth disease in bovine species. From the serology results, the overall prevalence of this disease was(72.7%.) . Of the 165 samples subjected to Nonstructural protein (NSP) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening test, 120 were interpreted as positive representing (72.7%.) while the other 45 samples were negative representing 27.3%. The seropositivity significantly associated with age groups (p0.05) while the difference among age groups was significant (P < 0.05)

Because of the pivotal role of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules in regulating the immune response and their extensive polymorphism, it is not surprising that particular HLA class II alleles have been implicated in susceptibility to allergic diseases and in restriction of the IgE responses to a variety of allergens. We investigated the relationship between HLA-DRB1*0103 and HLA- DQA1*0201 genotypes and allergies to amoxicillin(AX) and love bird (LB) and explored their restriction of IgE responses to these allergens. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay test (ELISA) was used to examine the specific IgE antibodies in the sera of 175 subjects including 145 atopic patients and 30 healthy individuals without any allergic reaction. All of them were chosen for HLA genotyping by polymerase chain reaction . Compared with seropositive all control and seronegative individuals showed negative PCR HLA genotyping results.The higher overall rate (39.4%) of PCR positivity was observed inseropositive patients with positive PCR HLA-DQA1*0201 genotyping results .Also PCR HLA-DQA1*0201 genotyping revealed the higher rates of the PCR positivity in the males and females of the second age group in comparison with those of the first age groups but without significant difference (P > 0.05). The same result was also observed in positive PCR result for the patients with HLA-DRB1*0103 and those with both HLA -DRB1*0103 and HLA-DQA1*0201 as the non-significant higher PCR positive rates was observed in the males and females of the 2ndage groups.Also the females of the second age group showed the higher PCR positivity rates (100%,50% and30%)for HLA-DQA1*0201 and HLA-DRB1*0103) and both respectively ELISA results revealed that the overall rate of seropositivity in tested individuals to amoxicillin(AX) or love bird dropping extract (LBDE) allergens was 54.9% .The females were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05) from males and they showed the higher rate of seropositivity against AX(57.9%)and LBDE(58.9%)allergens.In contrast there was no significant effect(P > 0.05)for the age on the seropositivity against LBDE and the patients of the 1st age group showed higher rate (55.9%) of seropositivity in comparison with rate (43.7%) of 2ndage group patients

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of of Cypermthrin on serum acetylcholine concentration , Spinal cord and Sciatic nerve histopathology in adult rats. Fourty eight adult rats were used , they divided randomly and equally into four groups . Control group orally dosed with normal saline for 90 days . The other three groups were dosed orally with different three doses of cypermthrin , high dose ( 64 mg / kg b.w. ) intermediate dose ( 32 mg / kg b.w. ) and low dose ( 16mg / kg b.w. ). The results shows that serum acetylecholine concentrations increased significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) in rats exposed to high and intermediate dose of cypermethrine compared with control group. Whereas there were no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) between low dose of cypermethrine and contol group . Hitopathological examination of spinal cord and Sciatic nerve revealed that there were a dose dependent increase in vaccuolation in nerves fibers to be affect larg number of nerve fiber in high dose and it affect few numbers of nerve fibers in low dose. In conclusion cypermthrin affected positively histopathological findinds of nerves fibers .

Seventy five samples were collected from human teeth of ages about (25-65)years from both sex . Several type of bacteria were diagnosed namely Staphylococcus .aurous (33.33%), E. coli (13.33%) , and Staphylococcus epidermis (22.66%) . Syzygium aromaticum crud extract were used as two type grinding and non-grinding .The minimum concentration of grinding type was( 0.6-2.6) mg/ml and the minimum concentration of non-grinding type was (0.533-2.1) mg/ml that inhibit bacterial growth of S .aurous and E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test was applied using discs diffusion method , the sensitivity was (92%) for Staph. aurous toward Kanamycin (K), and (80%) for E.coli toward Ciprofloxacin(Cip).The results showed that the resistance of Staph. aurous was 18(72)% toward Metromidazol(MET) , 22(88)% toward Bacitracin (B), E. coli was 8(80%) toward Streptomycin(S). The phagocytosis test or phagocytosis activity also included in this study.

One hundred eight nasal swabs and blood samples from respiratory tract infected animals 66 from sheep and 52 from goats were collected from different sites of Basrah province during a period from December 2012 to April 2013 for isolation and identification of the Pasteurella multocida according to PCR assay . Nasal swabs and blood samples were directly cultured on proper media, then five colonies from the agar plate of suspected P. multocida cultures were used for extracted DNA and, further used for Polymerase chain reaction PCR . PCR was carried out for amplified the PMOut gene on the previously extracted P. multocida DNA . The best amplification of PMOut gene was observed at 45°C annealing temperature . Under these optimal conditions, the expected fragment of 219bp of PMOut gene was successfully amplified. On the other hand , the distinct amplification with a molecular length of 219bp was obtained in 56 positive PCR samples (37 from sheep with distribution rate 56% and 19 from goats with distribution rate 36.5% ). The PCR results of the PMOut gene was found to be potentially a useful method for identification of P. multocida infections.

A two months Toxicologicl pathology study of sulfonamide in domestic pigeons by oral intubation were done. The study was done at two dosage levels as intermediate 40mg/kg and high 80mg/kg with untreated control as third group. Clinical observation of treated birds did not show significant changes only the birds appeared to be quite after dosing for short time. Grossly, no obvious changes could be detected. Microscopically, Showed histopathological changes in pigeons represent of nephrotoxic effects characterized by degenerate and/or dilated cortical tubules in intermediate while, high dose groups appeared glomerular atrophy some with dilated Bowmans space, the severity of the changes were higher in the high dose group. In liver, peri portal and septal fibrosis in treated groups, some with parenchymal foci of inflammatory cell and vaculation of hepatocytes, while in pancreas, there was degenerate vacuolated islets of Langerhans in both treated groups, also in brain vacuolation of neurons and vacuoltion of nerve fiber in white matter of spinal cord. The severity of all above changes were higher in high dose than intermediate dose. Finally , the present study showed that domestic pigeons can tolerate varying toxic levels of sulfonamide with no mortality.

Plastination of nervous tissue has become a very important tool in teaching neuroanatomy. Also, plastinated nervous specimens can be used to study the anatomical relations in clinics right before surgical operations. The aim of using plastinated models is to increase knowledge, understanding as well as imagination of students about the complex anatomical parts of the central nervous system. The plastinated anatomical teaching model of Medulla spinalis, Plexus brachialis, Plexus lumbosacralis and Cauda equina of goat displays a clear morphology that corresponds qualitatively to the actual cadaver specimens. Apparently healthy four goats (ten months age) from native breed were used. Goats were subjected to silicone S10 plastination technique. Prior to plastination, the goat was prepared by injected via I/V by Xylazine Hcl (0.01mg/kg), cutting Arteria carotis communis for complete bleeding, and injected via the latter artery with 10% formalized solution then immersed in the same solution for at least four weeks. Medulla spinalis and attached peripheral nerves, Plexus brachialis, Plexus lumbosacral and Cauda equina were dissected. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the teaching of the neuroanatomy of the goat in our department. Particularly, Medulla spinalis, Nervi cervicales, Plexus brachialis, Nervi thoracici, Plexus lumbosacralis and Cauda equina were selected as learning models in special unit in the department and provide a plastinated model to study the anatomy of this system. Understanding of the astudents but also for veterinary doctors while undertaking surgery on that plexuses and nerves.anatomy of the nervous system is important not only for veterinary

To investigate the antihyperglycemic potent of thymoquinone (TQ), this study has been conducted in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats.Diabetes was induced by single injection with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg b.w., i.p.). Rat ≥ 200 mg/dl of blood glucose was used as diabetic.Sixty five adult male rats (aged 56 days and weighted 138±8.8g) were divided into five groups, non-diabetic control (were drenched with drinking water) and four diabetic groups(DM, TQ50,TQ100, and DMI) were drenched with drinking water,TQ (50 mg/kg, bw), TQ (100 mg/kg, bw), and injected with insulin (4 IU/animal), respectively, for 42 days. During the experiment,body weight gains were recorded and blood samples were obtained weekly for assessment of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. TQ treated male rats showed normal activity and body health throughout the experiment. Significant decrease of body weight gain has been recorded in untreated diabetic (DM) and insulin treated diabetic (DMI) groups as compared with that of intact control (C) and TQ treated diabetic (TQ50 and TQ100) groups, started from the fourth day of experiment, while DM group registered the lowest body weight gain among the experimental groups. Results of blood glucose concentrations referred to significant elevation in diabetic groups as compared with intact control. While in comparison between the diabetic groups, blood glucose concentration decreased significantly TQ50, TQ100, and DMI groups compared with DMI group. It has been found that insulin treated (DMI) and TQ treated (TQ50 and TQ100) male rats recorded no significant difference in serum insulin concentration when compared with each other but they were significantly lower than that of intact control male rats (C), but the average means of these four groups were significantly higher than that of non-treated diabetic male rats (DM).These changes were time dependent during the studied experimental period. It can be concluded that drenching of 100 mg/kg of TQ has potent hypoglycemic effect in experimentally-induced diabetic male rats.