Antimicrobials used in poultry production have the potential to bioaccumulate in poultry feathers but available data are scarce. Although feathers were processed and introduced as a protein source in animal feed, withdrawal periods were not established. Hence, an experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the residuol profile of enrofloxacin and its primary metabolite ciprofloxacin in featherof broiler chicken. Thirty six one-day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into control (6 nos) and treatment group (30 nos). Treatment group was administered with enrofloxacin at recommended therapeutic dose 10 mg Kg , through drinking water for five consecutive days from 43rd  to 47th -1 day of age, whereas control group received non-medicated water. Six birds from treatment group were sacrificed ethically and feather samples were collected at different time points during the withdrawal period at 48 hours interval on day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 post treatment. Control birds were sacrificed on day 9 post treatment. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in feather were analysed by a validated High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Fluorescent Densitometry method. The present study revealed that enrofloxacin persisted in feather throughout the study period, where as its metabolite ciprofloxacincould be detected until 7th day post treatment and on 9th day post treatment it was below detection limit. The interesting finding is the high level of enrofloxacin achieved in feathers during the withdrawal period. Drug withdrawal times, based on the concentrations of antimicrobial residues in edible chicken meat, were not adequate to reduce antimicrobial residues in chicken feathers. As the feathers are used as a protein source to supplement feed for different food animal species (bovines, pigs, Salmons, trouts) they must be considered potential reservoirs of chemical residues that can reach man through the food chain; hence, the present study warrantsestablishment of withdrawal period for feather similar to that of edible tissues. 

In - vivo evaluation of  the  efficacy of test anti - coccidial efficacy of salinomycin and amprolium carried out in two different trials in 228 commercial chicken revealed 100% efficacy against mixed eimeria sp on comparative evaluation with standed in feed anti - coccidials.  There was marked reduction in the oocyst output with increased body weight gain and improved feed conversation efficiency in the experimental study.

Follicle like structures with a minimum of 17 mm diameter and persisting for more than 6 days in the absence of corpus luteum is called as follicular cyst. It is the hypothalamo-hypophyseo gonadal axis that governs the reproductive events primarily. Plasma is a medium that reflects the changes in any organ apart from providing nutrients and draining the metabolic wastes. Cows brought for infertility treatment were screened and cows which were diagnosed as follicular cyst randomly allotted in to four groups of eight cows each. Different groups were subjected to different treatment protocols viz, Regular co-synch protocol, modified co-synch protocol, Trans-gluteal follicular cyst evacuation technique and trans-gluteal follicular cyst evacuation technique cum modified co-synch protocol for Group I, II, III and IV, respectively. Blood samples were collected from all the cows of different groups on day 0 (initiation of treatment), 7 and 9 of treatment and were analyzed for biochemical parameters. Cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, calcium and phosphorus concentration was quantified using an automatic analyser UV-VIS spectrophotometer. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) noticed between the mean concentration of biochemical parameters of different treatment groups, on days 0 and 7 in serum. The mean concentrations of cholesterol were 116.13±20.28, 59.67±10.50, 70.88±6.57 and 64.00±8.36 mg/dl in Group I, II, III and IV cows, respectively and were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Group I. The mean concentration of all other biochemical parameters were non-significant (P > 0.05) between all treatment groups, on day 9 in serum. This might be due to steroid bio transformation of cholesterol. 

The present study was carried out in eight highly duck populated districts comprised of four clusters of Tamil Nadu. From each of the clusters, 40 duck farmers were selected randomly to study their socio-economic status. Using a pre-tested, structured schedule, data were collected through face to face interview method. The results of the study revealed that 50.60 per cent of the farmers belonged to old age group (Above 45 years). Most of the farmers were married (92.50 %) and majority of them were found to be illiterate (48.80 %). Most of the farmers found to be rearing ducks as their primary occupation (84.37 %). Highest proportion of farmers (43.75 %) had duck farming experience of 37 – 55 years. The risk-taking abilities of the duck farmers were at medium level (51.50 %). Nearly one-half (48.75 %) of the respondents had contact with input dealers followed by 33.75 per cent had contact with progressive farmers for obtaining information’s related to duck farming. 

Ultrasonographic characterization of ovarian follicular dynamics was carried out in two subsequent oestrous cycles in Umblachery cows (n =10) from the day of observed oestrum (Day 0) to next oestrum. Two subsequent oestrous cycles were studied in all the animals. Out of 20 cycles studied, seven (35.00%), twelve (60.00%) and one (5.00%) cycle(s) had two, three and four waves respectively. The day at which the Wave-1 dominant follicle (DF) attained the maximum diameter varied widely from Day 5 to Day 11. It was also found that the day of Wave-2 emergence varied widely from Day 7 to Day 13 among the individual animals. The average diameters of anovulatory wave DFs ranged from 9.07 to 9.86 and that of ovulatory wave DFs averaged from 9.20 to 9.67 mm. The mean inter-oestrus intervals were significantly (P < 0.01) longer in cycles with three-follicular waves (22.17 ± 0.27 days) than two-follicular waves (19.43 ± 0.28 days). Even though follicular wave patterns were comparable with other crossbred and B.indicus cattle, smaller size of the DF and wide variation in the days to attaining maximum diameter and emergence of Wave-2 were found to be characteristic features of Umblachery cows. 

The quantum of inclusion of concentrates in cattle feeding depends solely on availability and its price. An attempt was made to model and forecast the feed prices of dairy cattle feed in Tamil Nadu using time series data collected from Central Feed Technology Unit, Kattupakkam for the period from January 2012 to December 2022. Various time series models viz., Mean, Naïve, Random drift, Seasonal naive, Simple Exponential Smoothing, Holt linear, Holt-winter, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average - ARIMA and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models were fitted. The error measures, parameter estimates, forecast estimates and plots were assessed to ascertain the best fit model. Random drift model and ARIMA (0,1,0) model were found to be the best fit models for dairy cattle feed. Further, Holt-winter multiplicative model and SARIMA (1,1,0)(1,0,1) model were identified as the best fit models for the dry cattle feed price forecasting. Thus, these models could be utilized by the various stakeholders to predict the short term price forecasts of cattle feed for efficient planning and making right decisions. 

The present study was aimed to assess the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep of Cauvery Delta region by collecting serum samples from apparently healthy sheep and sheep with the history of abortion. Serum samples from a total of about 123 animals including 64 from apparently healthy animals, 54 from animals with previous history of abortion and 5 from aborted animals were subjected to serological tests like Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Standard Plate Agglutination Test (SPAT) and indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (i-ELISA). Molecular identification was carried out with the aborted materials from 5 animals with Bcsp31 gene. The prevalence rate of Brucellosis was 26.01 %, 22.76 % and 41.46 % by RBPT, SPAT and i-ELISA respectively. Among the 5 aborted animals, two were found to be positive for brucellosis with all the four diagnostic tests. Among the three serological tests, the highest seroprevalence of 41.46 % was observed when i-ELISA was used. However, RBPT was considered to be cost effective and easy to test. Hence, from this study it can be concluded that periodical screening of animals with cost effective serological tests for diseases like brucellosis, which is of economic and public health significance is mandatory to prevent the disease outbreak and economic loss to thefarmers.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic species of Leptospira interrogans. Dogs can act as maintenance host for some serovars and transmit to other animals and humans through direct and/or indirect contact with urine or contaminated water and soil. A study was conducted to identify the presence of Leptospira and assessment of seroprevalence in apparently healthy dogs in Cauvery delta region (Thanjavur, Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts) of Tamil Nadu. Serum (n=50) and urine (n=50) samples were collected randomly from 50 dogs with history of non vaccination to leptospirosis. Dark field microscopic (DFM) examination revealed the presence of Leptospira in 12.0 per cent of serum and 24.0 per cent of urine samples. Serological screening was done by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a battery of 12 Leptospira serovars (representing the serogroups of Australis, Autumnalis, Ballum, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Hebdomadis, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Pomona, Pyrogenes and Tarassovi), which revealed 56.0 per cent seropositivity to either one or several serovars, which was Icterohaemorrhagiae (46.4 per cent), Grippotyphosa (32.1 per cent), Australis (32.1 per cent), Canicola (25.0 per cent) and Autumnalis (17.9 per cent) with highly significant difference (p<0.05) in seropositivity between serovars. The predominant serovar detected in dogs in this study was Icterohaemorrhagiae followed by Grippotyphosa. It is concluded that presence of leptospirosis in dogs in Cauvery delta regions of Tamil Nadu poses the risk of transmission to animals and humans and dogs can be used as sentinel animals for identification of leptospirosis.

A commercially procured flow cytometrically sorted semen was reanalyzed to validate the effect of flow cytometry on structural and functional viability of spermatozoa. Flow cytometric analysis of commercially procured sex sorted frozen thawed bull semen showed the percentage of X sperms to be 95.31± 0.21 and Y sperms to be 4.69 ± 0.27, respectively. As expected sexed sperm had lower post thaw motility than the non-sexed sperm. However, no significant differences in the percentage of sperms with intact acrosome and expression of ROS were observed. Interestingly, DNA fragmentation index was statistically lower for the commercially procured sorted than for unsorted frozen thawed bull semen.

A two-year-old female Dobermann dog was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, with a history of unilateral epistaxis, dullness, and inappetence. Clinical examination revealed the presence of ticks all over the body surface and they were morphologically identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Blood samples were analyzed for haemato-biochemical parameters and blood parasites. Giemsa stained blood smear revealed the presence of morulae inclusion over monocytes. The dog was treated with a triple therapy protocol, and supportive care was provided. The dog exhibited signs of recovery from the third day of treatment. Follow-up examination on the seventh day revealedthe absence of morulae stage of Ehrlichia spp. and a gradual increase in blood cells.