The study were conducted on 31 local female buffaloes breeds ,In basrah –Iraq ,during the period from 2010 – 2013 , 6 – 15 years old, among these 21 local femalebuffaloes breeds show signs of recurrent tympany one to two months after parturition,and 10 clinically healthy local female buffaloes breeds were served as controls ,moreover living status and kind of forage was archived before and after parturition ,nevertheless almost cases were not respond to the classical treatment when it given by theowners. Results of ruminal histopathological examination after rumenatomy indicatedrumenitis , ruminal adhesions and keratosis of rumeinal wall . It have been concluded thatchanging to holly concentrated food in late stage of the pregnancy might considered asthe important cause of frothy tympany.

Condensation of 6-methoxy benzothiazol-2-amine with 2-hydroxy- naphthaldehyde gave newSchiff-base derivative in good yield. The metal complex of Co(II) have been synthesized withSchiff base of benzothiazol derivative. Spectroscopic study such as, two dimensional NMR ofnew compound have been obtained by using nuclear magnatic resonance 600 MHz.Computational study of all compounds was calculated using Gaussian 09 program package. Thesynthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcusaureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia. Additionally, the compoundswere tested for antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida tropica, Aspergillus multiand Aspergillus niger. Cobalt complex compound exhibited more activity as antifungal thanbenzothiazole derivative.

Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hyperplasia (GpSGH) syndrome caused by the salivary gland hyperplasia virus reduces the reproduction potential of tsetse flies, posing a serious threat for rearing of sufficient colonies for use of tsetse and trypanosome control using the sterile insect technique. This research was conducted in the Kaliti Tsetse Mass Rearing and Irradiation Centre in Ethiopia with the objective of studying the prevalence of GpSGH syndrome in laboratory colonies of G. pallidipes (Tororo and Arbaminch) reared for release in the implementation of the sterile insect technique and a field strain of G. pallidipes Arbaminch. Presence or absence of GpSGH was determined when pathological features of the salivary gland were revealed after dissection. The overall prevalence of GpSGH syndrome in laboratory colonies was 48.3% (747/1548) with a statistically significant (z = 17.30, p = 0.001) prevalence of 70.2% (544/775) in Arbaminch colonies and 26.26% (203/773) in Tororo colonies. The prevalence of GpSGH in laboratory flies fed according to the clean blood feeding protocol was 68.9% and 22.4% in Arbaminch and Tororo strains respectively. It was 70.5% and 27.2% respectively in laboratory colonies of Arbaminch and Tororo strains fed according to the standard membrane feeding protocol. The difference in prevalence of the disease between the two feeding protocols was not statistically significant in either Arbaminch (z = 0.361, p = 0.359) or Tororo (z = 1.22, p = 0.111) strains. The prevalence of SGH in wild G. pallidipes Arbaminch strain was 3% (15/500) and was significantly (z = 23.61, p < 0.001) lower than in the laboratory strain. The effect of age and density-related stress on the development of GpSGH was not statistically significant. The prevalence of GpSGH in the newly emerging (teneral) flies in the laboratory colonies was 66.7% and 20% in the Arbaminch and Tororo strains respectively. For all considered risk factors, the prevalence was much higher in G. pallidipes Arbaminch laboratory colonies.

Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan zoonotic intracellular coccidian of the phylum Apicomplexa infecting warm-blooded animals and human beings. This protozoan causes a significant public health problem in humans and imposes considerable economic losses and damages to husbandry industries. The final host, cats, accounts for all of these significant burdens. Hence the present study was designed to analyse and review the overall prevalence rate of T. gondii infection in cats in Iran for the first time. In the present study data collection (published and unpublished papers, abstracts of proceedings of national parasitology congresses and dissertations) was systematically undertaken on electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco, Science Direct, Scopus, Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex and Scientific Information Database. A total of 21 studies from 1975 to 2013 reporting prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in cats from different areas in Iran met the eligibility criteria. The pooled proportion of toxoplasmosis using the random-effect model amongst cats was estimated at 33.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.05–46.41). The prevalence rate of cat toxoplasmosis in various regions of Iran ranged from 1.2% to 89.2%. Firstly, this study establishes a crude prevalence rate of T. gondii infection in cats. Secondly, it discusses the role of significant risk factors including sex, age and being either household or stray cats, in the epidemiology of the disease. Furthermore, the current study determines gaps and drawbacks in the prior studies that are useful to keep in mind to assist in designing more accurate investigations in future.