The development of uterus in fetuses on 60, 90 and 120 days of gastation and neonates of Korean native goats was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follows; 1. in the 60-day-old fetuses, the short microvilli were sporadically observed on the luminal surface of the endometrium. 2. In the 90-day-old fetuses, the mucosal folds, polygonal microridges, numerous microvilli, flower-like-buds, and domeshpaed or crateriform area were also observed on the luminal surface of endometrium. 3. In the 120-day-old fetuse, the primordial caruncles(nodules) of the endometrium were developed conspicuously and long microvilli were developed densely. 4. In the neonates, thecaruncles and microvilli of the endometrium were more developed than those of 120-day-old fetuses.

The studies were carried out to investigate the effect of recovery in rewarming using the esophageal thermal tube in the deep hypothermia(25+_1 degrees centigrade ; rectal temp) in rabbits. Fifteen rabbits were divided into control group(n=6), peritoneal dialysis group(n=5) irrigated with dialysate at 42+_1 degrees centigrade, and esophageal rewarming group(n=6), peritioneal dialysis group(n=5) irrigated with dialysate at 42+_1 degrees centigrade, and esophageal rewarming group(n=4) perfused with circulating water at 38+_1 degrees centigrade. Rewarming of the rabbits was performed for 5 hours. MAP, HR, RR, esophageal temp, rectal temp, pH, pCO2, pO2, Na+, and K+ were observed. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows:Esophageal rewarming group(38+_1 degrees centigrade) had more effect on esophageal temperature than other groups. Peritoneal dialysis group(42+_1 degrees centigrade) had more effect on rectal temperature and pO2 than other groups. The both groups also had more effects on MAP, HR, RR, and pCO2 than control group. Three groups had no significant effect on pH, Na+, and K+. In conclusion, we found that the simple, safe, and non-invasive esophageal rewarming method had an effect on the treatment of profound hypothermia as well as the peritoneal dialysis method in spite of the temperature difference between the dialysate and the circulating water, and the circulating water at 38+_1 degrees centigrade for esophageal rewarming also had an effect on the recovery of deep hypothermia.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of vitamin E on the prevention and treatment of Babesia gibsoni. fifteen mongrel dogs, uninfected with Babesia spp, were assigned to three groups according to vitamin E(alpha-tocopherol) concentrations in the RBC. The concentrations in each of the three groups were, respectively : alpha-tocopherol in RBC less than 30 micro gram/micro liter(Group I), 30 micro gram/micro liter-60 micro gram/micro liter(Group II), more than 60 micro gram/micro liter(Group III). Artificial infection was accomplished by injecting 2*10 7-2*10 8 erythrocyte of Babesia gibsoni-infected dog into the cephalic vein. We investigated the clinical sighs, vitamin E concentrations in RBC and serum, Vitamin A concentrations in serum, hematological values, white blood cell(WBC) viability and RBC membrane osmotic fragility after infection of Bavesia gibsoni for a period of 20 days at 5 day intervals. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. After infection by Babesia gibsoni, clinical examination revealed depression, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, dark brown urine and diarrhea in proportion as time went on. After 10 days of infection, one dog each of Groups I, II and III revealed depression and anorexia. Two dogs in Group I and one dog each of Groups II and III showed dark brown urine after 15 days. Diarrhea was observed in one dog in each of the 3 groups after 20 days of infection. 2. After 5 days of infection, two dogs in each of Groups I, II and III showed Babesia gibsoni in RBC of blood smear stained with Giemsa. At the 15th day after infection with Babesia gibsoni, they were observed in all experimental animals. After both 5 days and 10 days of infection, the rate of Babesia gibsoni parasitized RBC(permillage, %) was 1%, and increased as time went on. 3. After 5 days of infection by Babesia gibsoni, Group I, which had the lowest vitamin E concentration, showed significantly decreased RBC and PCV levels(p0.01). Group II and group III also showed significantly decreased RBC and PCV levels after 15 days of infection(p0.05). particularly after 10 days of infection, Group I showed lower values in RBC and PCV levels compared to Groups II and III. WBC, RBC, fibrinogen and total protein levels between the groups did not differ during experimental periods. 4. According to the WBC differential counts, the ratios of neutrophil to lymphocyte showed a tendency to be slightly higher in Group III(more than 60 micro gram/micro liter) than in Groups I and II. 5. WBC viability did not differ between the groups. 6. RBC membrane osmotic fragility did not differ between the groups.

This study was carried out to develop a newly designed ovum pick-up(OPU) instrument for ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicular aspiration in cows. This new instrument consists of out- & inner-layer stainless pipes and a grip with a trigger(hand ) switch. Some gauge types of disposable needles and tubes can be attached to this inner pipe. With this instrument, while grasping an avary with one hand the other hand can handle in apiration and vacuum on/off with the least assitant's help. with this instrument the mean recovery rate of bovine follicular oocytes was 45.2%. In recovered oocytes, usable oocytes(Grade I & II) were 30.4% and this rate meant 1.4 oocytes per ovary. For 30 days after initial aspiration with this instrument, some adverse effects such as adhesion, hemorrhage, hematoma and other mass formation in/with ovaries were also examined by rectal examination, ultrasonographic and endoscopic images. Adhesion was found in one ovary 1 week after aspiration, and hemorrhagic lesion was found 1-2 days and petechia were found 3-5 days after aspiration and there was no remarkable adverse effects. It was found that this instrument could be applicable and safe for ovum pick-up in cows.

Two-day old house fly adults were exposed to six insect growth regulators, flufenoxuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, diflubenzuron, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, as a feed additive (milk + 5% sugar + chemical) in the laboratory for 6 days. The number of eggs deposited by the exposed-adults, viability of the eggs, and F1 larval development were checked. All the IGRs tested were found to have no adverse effect on the reproduction of house fly, except methoxyfenozide (210ppm). The most effective inhibitor to egg hatch was flufenoxuron, followed by teflubenzuron, triflumuron, and diflubenzuron. Exposure to flufenoxuron (over 5ppm), teflubenzuron (over 25ppm), triflumuron (over 125ppm), and diflubenzuron (over 125ppm) reduced egg hatchability to 0 to 1.3%, but lower concentrations of these IGRs were less effective (6.3 to 46.3% egg hatchability). Almost all the larvae emerged from eggs deposited by the adults exposed to diflubenzuron (62.5ppm) and teflubenzuron (12.5ppm) failed to develop into pupae, causing total mortalities of 98% and 100%, respectively. However, two IGRs, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide, did not inhibit egg hatch and F1 larval development, except methoxyfenozide (210ppm) treatment. These results suggest that these 4 IGRs may be used in the development of autosterilization system for house fly control. However, further work is required to develop delivery systems capable of transferring an effective dose to the fly under field conditions.

In the present study we have analyzed the characteristics and distribution of the mu-opioid receptor(MOR) by raising anti-peptide antisera to the C-terminal peptide of MOR. The antisera against MOR was produced in New Zealand White rabbit against 15 residue corresponding to amino acids, 384-398of the cloned rat MOR. The antigenic peptide was synthesized using an Applied Biosystems 432 solid-phase peptide aynthesizer. The specificity and identification fo the antisera were tested by analysisi fo transfected cells, epitope mapping and immunohistochemical method. COS-7 cells electroporated with MOR cDNA were used to evaluate the characteristics and subcellular distribution of MOR.MOR immunoreactivity was prodominent in the plasmalemma and subcellular compartments such as encoplasmicreticulum, Golgi apparatus and vesicle like structure. Furthermore, both tissue sections and transfected cell lines could be immunostained with these antisera and the immunoreactivity ws abolished when anti-MOR sera were preincubated with the peptide against which they wer raised. Based on epitope mapping analysis, all antisera appeared to have a similar epitope, which ws detemined to be within the last amino acid,391-398. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that MOR immunoreactivity was ovserved in many brain areas including cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, locus coeruleus and the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. These stained spinal cord and brain aras showed themirrored pattern observed in autoradiographic studies of mu-opioid binding as well as a pattern similar to that seen by in situ hybridization for MOR. Thus, several lines of evidence support the conclusion that the antisera produced in the present study most likely recognize mu-opioid receptor. These results suggest that MOR antisera may be utilized as useful tool to analyze the physiological and pharmacological studies for mu-opioid receptor in the future

From 2,373 slaughtered pigs examined, 1,899 of them had visible evidence of pulmonary lesion. The lungs with pulmonary lesion were examined by grossly, histopathological technique to investigate the prevalence accordint to season, severity ofpulmonary lesion, types of the pneumonia and relationship between rearing management and prevalence of pulmonary lesion. The results were as follows: 1. Prevalence of pneumonia according to season was 72.3 % to 85.9% and the higher prevalence was in winter. 2. In the severity of pulmonary lesion, rates mild, moderate and severe lesions were 38.3%, 47.0% and 14.7%, respectively. Prevalence of mild lesion was the highest in autumn. Prevalence of moderate and severe lesions was the hihgest in winter. 3. In the type of pneumonia, rates of interstitial pneumonia and bronchopneumonia fibrinous pneumonia were 23.6%, 13.0%, and 3.4%, respectively. Prevalence of interstitial pneumonia was high in spring and autumn while that of broncho-pneumonia and fibrinous pneumonia was high in winter and summer, respectively. 4. In relationship of pulmonary lesions according to severityo fpulmonary lesion and types of pneumonia, similarity was observed in prevalence of mild lesion and bronchopneumonia.

Fifteen dogs with superficial pyoderma were investigated clinically. Dermatological signs were mainly consisted of papule (66.6%), pustule (86.6%), epidermal collrarette and patchy (40%), and hyperpigmentation (53.3%). Distribution of skin lesion were consisted of back (35.5%), abdomen (29.0%), axillary (6.4%), leg (3.2%), neck (3.6%) and foot (16.1%), respectively. In pustular cytology PMN cells and cocci were examined. Cephalexin was very effective antibiotics on superficial pyoderma at administration of 30mg/kg bid P.O.for 3 weeks. Hyperadrenocorticism and atopy were diagnosed as a primary cause on pyoderma in 2 dogs.

Alpha toxin of S aureus has cytolytic activity respectively. This antigen has been received the most attention since it is a major virulence factor in pathogenesis of staphylococcal mastitis. Thus, alpha toxin has been focused as potential candidate ofvaccine tominimize mastitis in cows. the purpose of this study was to develop a simple, efficient production and purification methods of sufficient amount of alpha toxin antigen from S aureus. Alpha toxin production measured by hemolytic activity was the highest at 18 hrs postinoculation in yeast extract culture medium supplemented with thiamine, nicotinic acid and casamino acid. Alpha toxin was purifed by ammonium sulfate precipitation (65%) and ultrafiltration. Molecular weight of the toxin was 33 kDa in the analysis with SDS-PAGE. Conclusionally, when alpha toxin was included in the vaccine, the optimal harvest time of alpha toxin was at 18 hrs after inoculation in yeast extract medium supplemented with thiamine and nicotinic acid.

Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes are lymphoid organs that share morphologic and functional characteristics of lymph nodes and spleens. The aim of the present study was to obtain new informations on the distinct morphological structures of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes according to ages, andto get the basic data for their functions in Korean native goats. Goats were divided into 5 groups, consisting of 3 animals aged 1, 3, 6, 10 and 12 months, respectively. Ultrastructural features of the organs were observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopes. The sinuses of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes were lined by enodthelial-like reticular cells which had euchromatin-rich nuclei and many cytoplasmic processes, surrounding collagen fibrils. Macrophages containing phagocytosed erythrocytes were often noted in the diffuse lymphatic tissues of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes. Some mast cells were in contact with the plasma cells near the blood vessel. Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes had venous sinusal-like vessels which were different from the deep sinus. The lymph vessels with valves were observed in the capsule of the hemolymph node. There were no ultrastructural differences of the organs in the age different groups of the animals. These results suggest that hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes may take part in hemopoiesis, blood filtration and immune reaction in Korean native goats.