This work aimed to confirm "The influence Salmonella on community-health (CH) and food-hygiene (FH) in raw-foods (RFs) and More-recent (MR) antibiotic sensitivity patterns to Salmonella. In Taif, (KSA), the results was (35.0, 25.0, 17.5, 10.0, 7.5 and 5.0%) for Salmonella types (Non typhi group D, Para typhi group B, Para typhi group A, Para typhi group C, Salmonella Spp and Enteritidis), respectively. The effect of antibiotics were (CAX, CFT, C, CP, T/S and AM) as (98.8, 97.7, 87.3, 85.3, 65.7 and 48.5%) respectively. The scores were (100, 89.5, 84.0, 83.3, 76.5 and 66.7%) for Salmonella (Spp., Non typhi group D, Para typhi group B, Enteritidis, Paratyphi group A and Paratyphi group C), respectively. The excellent MR antibiotics were (CAX, CFT, C, CP and T/S), the effect ratios were given 100%. The good MR antibiotics were (C, CP, CAX, T/S, CFT and AM), the effect ratios were given (75-100%). The approved MR antibiotics were (Am, T/S, C and CP), the effect ratios were given (50-75%). The not approved MR antibiotics were (AM, T/S and AM), the effect ratios were given (under 50%). That concluded must take the hygienic precautions and healthy measures such as non-use of antibiotics in animal and bird rations, monitoring of (slaughter-houses, grocery, stores, fast food shops and their employees), making "Rapid Treatment System" for infected individuals is recommended. The "Protective Medicine Unit" and "Municipals Unit" belong to MOH must be immediately follow the food bacterial contamination sources for healthy eradication that to protect the CH and FH

In this study, the histopathological changes due to overdose usage of Tussirum drug(0.75 and 3 ml/Kg)in liver and kidney were assessed in rabbite with light microscopes. Six male rabbites(1 ± 0.5 Kg ) were included and divided into three groups.Normal saline (3ml/Kg) wasgiven orally as placebo in the control groupI (N= 2). Group II and III(N= 4 for each) was received Tussirum orallyat a single dose of (0.75 and 3ml/kg/day) for 30 days respectively. the results were recorded that both doses of Tossirum were induced that blood vessel congestion, aggregation of Kuppfer cells,inflamintion infiltrations and Sinusoidal dilatation in the liver parenchyma in addition to the cytoplasmic vacuolation, degeneration, pyknotic nuclei in the hepatocytes and. On the other hand, renal damage was observed in the kidneys of treated rabbits, necrosis of glomular, degeneration of nucli and degeneration in the lining epithelial cells of renal, also noted that glomular shrinkage, dilated of reanal tubules and hyperplasia of tubles walls,as well as to necrosis of renal tubules endothelium, closing of renal tubules lumen, isulation of renal tubules endothelium and density in some nucli chromatic Finally, the investigators concluded that Tossirum toxicity induced hepatocellular and renal damage

The effects of Cinnamon zeylanicum (CZ) bark extracts on productivity of male diabetic albino rats testosterone stages were studied. The experimentation was carried out on 24 male albino rats allocated into 4 equivalent groups of 6 animals each. One group was served as a normal control, whereas rats of the groups (2) were given Alloxan (120 mg.B.W / day for 3 days) by intraperitoneal injection for induction of diabetes was leftward as a diabetic control, while rats of groups (3) CZ extract treated by 500 mg.kg B.W.orally, while rats of groups (4) CZ extract treated 500 mg. BW orally,for 6 weeks without alloxan treatment. Results showed that oral administration of CZ extracts to diabetic rats for 6 weeks significant increased serum testosterone levels. The dose of extracts ameliorated the degenerative lesions which found in diabetic rats testes, This study recommend that drinking of CZ bark as a extract may be beneficial for diabetic patients who suffer from sexual impotency as it improve fertility and lessen the high blood glucose level in male diabetic rats.

The aim of this work was to produce biofloc from the fish breeding system and study of its effect on in vitro ruminal digestibility and gas production in the ruminants. In the first phase of the experiment, two hundred common carp fishes (1gr) in two tanks with capacity 250 liters’ water were used for producing biofloc. In the second stage, the effect of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% of produced biofloc with ration 70 to 30 concentrate to forage on in vitro gas production and digestibility was determined. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design (5 treatments and 4 replicates). The results showed that there was no significant difference in potential and rate of gas production and dry matter digestibility between treatments. The highest amount of truly digested organic matter, cell wall degradability, and NDF digestibility was related to the treatment containing 2% compared with the other treatments (108.4, 67.8, and 32.5, respectively). The10 microbial biomass efficiency, microbial biomass and PF of treatments containing biofloc were more than control treatment (P < 0.05). On the base of this trial, treatments containing biofloc especially the high levels of biofloc had a more positive effect on digestibility and fermentation of experimental diets, therefore biofloc produced from the fish breeding system can be used as a useful supplement in ruminants.

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in meat-producing animals, especially ruminants, represents a major problem for human and animal and also could increase the patient's morbidity and mortality. The gallbladder may be a sit of persistence and a source for fecal shedding of certain enteric food-borne pathogen resistant to many antimicrobial agents. In the current study 80 samples (32 bile, 48 epithelium) were examined to isolate the enteric pathogen;AII samples were cultured on primary and selective. The frequency of isolation of microorganisms was (60% )in the epithelium and (40% ) in the bile. The major pathogen isolated were (68.57%) Proteus spp. (21.25%)E-coli ,(7.5)Citrobacter ,(1.25) Psudomnas. and(1.25)Klebsiella.The antibiotic resistance was determined by Kirby-bauer disc diffusion method using 10 of routine and practical antibiotics. In antimicrobial testing from both bile and gallbladder epithelium showed sensitivity to the following antimicrobial :amikacin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, kanamycin and ciprofloxacin. In conclusion , the current study provide helpful insights into the prevalence of food source pathogens. High level of antibiotic resistance in proteus spp and Ecoli that could transmit to humans through meat and meat products need for monitoring system on the incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric pathogens in meat animals in slaughterhouses.

The present study was aimed to determine the ameliorative effect of caffeine on Body weight and lipid profile in male rats treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) . Seventy Two adult male rats were used in this study . The study included two experiments ,in each experiments 36 males were randomly assigned two six equal groups of six animals in each group .The animals in both experiments were treated with the same substances and doses for each group as follows .Group one (control) animals were drenched normal saline ,Group two animals were treated (5.63 mg/kg. Bw )H2O2 daily by oral gavage also group three , animals were treated with low dose caffeine (150 mg /kg Bw) daily .Group four , animals were treated with high dose caffeine (250 mg /kg Bw) daily . Group five . animals were treated (5.63 mg/kg. Bw )H2O2 dose after 1 h animals were given low dose of caffeine (150 mg/kg Bw) .Group Six animal were treated with H2O2 dose(5.63 mg/kg Bw) each rat after one hour was given high dose of caffeine (250 mg /Kg Bw) . The first experiments lasted for one month and second experiments lasted for two months . At the end of the two experiments, animals of all group were sacrificed under chloroform anesthesia .Blood samples were collected from the heart directly by cardiac puncture and the serum was separated to measure the lipid profile . The result revealed a significant decreased in body weight gain in H2O2in first and second experiments compared with control group . While a significant improvements were recorded in body weight gain in all treated groups compared with H2O2 group but still significantly lower compared with those of control group. A significant increase in TC ,TG and LDL-c were recorded in H2O2 group in both experiments compared with control group on the other hand no significant difference was recorded in HDL-c level in H2O2group in first experiments while a significant decreased was recorded in second experiments compared with control group . Finally a significant degrees of improvement were observed in lipid profile in all treated group compared with H2O2 .

This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of selenium on reproductive efficiency of adult male rats with thyroid disturbance. Hypothyroidism state was induced by administration of antithyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU) (50mg/kg.B.W.) and hyperthyroid state was induced by administration of LThyroxine(L-T4) (50μg/kg.B.W.). Selenium (Se) treated rat group was given sodium selenite (10 μg/kg.B.W.). Sixty adult male rats of (180-200 gm) body weight were used in this study and divided into six main groups. Control group, PTU treated group, L-T4 treated group, Se treated group, Se+PTU treated group and Se+L-T4 treated group. All these groups were drenched orally by gavage tube for two months. The obtained results revealed that hypothyroidism is accompanied by significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum T3, T4 concentrations compared with control and another treated groups and significant increase (P<0.05) in hyperthyroidism group a compared with control. On the other hand, TSH concentration showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in hypothyroidism group and significant decrease (P<0.05) in hyperthyroidism group as compared with control and another treated group. A significant decrease in serum concentrations of FSH, LH and testosterone have been shown in serum of hyper- and hypothyroidism groups. Semen analysis showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) of epididymal sperm concentration, sperm motility, and viability and a significant increase (P≤0.05) of sperm22 abnormalities were recorded in PTU and L-T4 groups compared with control and another treated group. While a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) of epididymal sperm concentration, sperm motility and viability and a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) of sperm abnormalities were recorded in Se alone, Se+PTU group and Se+L-T4 group. Also, histological examination on the testis showed that rats treated with Se, Se+PTU and Se+L-T4 had normal architecture of seminiferous tubules with different stage of spermatogenesis. Whereas, rats treated with L-T4 alone or with PTU exhibited vacuolation of spermatogonia and suppression of spermatogenesis.

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinalparasites in large ruminants ( cattle and buffalo ) in Thi-Qar province south of Iraq .For this purpose, 628 fecal samples were collected including 312 from buffaloes and316 from cattle, from different areas of Thi-Qar Province between February 2017 andFebruary 2018. Parasitological procedures used for the identification of helmintheswere direct and indirect methods(Flotation and sedimentation techniques). The resultsrevealed that the prevalence of GI parasitic infestation were 54.7% in cattle and23.71% in buffalo ,Moreover Fasciola spp. was the most prevalent GI parasite in bothcattle and buffaloes. Parasitic infestation was recorded throughout the year withseasonal variations.

Male factor infertility contributes partially and solely to the problem of childlessness inaround 50% of the cases. Unfortunately, 30 -- 50% of the etiologies of male infertility are unknownand therefore, no specific therapy can be instituted. Sperm count and sperm motility are primeparameters that determine the functional ability of spermatozoa.This study included determinationof lactate dehydrogenase-C(LDH) activity in male infertility (n=23)and its relationship with thedifferent parameters of the seminogram. Also deals with partial purification lactatedehydrogenasefrom semen plasma of male infertility patients by dialysis, and ion exchange DEAEcellulosetechniques. There was statistically significant correlation was found between LDH activityand Sperm Count , morphology % and Motility % (r=0.486), (r=0.263)and (r=0.444) in fertile grouprespectively, also that the correlation in infertile group was statistically significant between LDHactivity and Sperm Count , morphology % and Motility % (r=0.431), (r=0.671)and (r=0.336)respectively.Oneproteinous peak of lactate dehydrogenaseactivity is obtained with specific activity of 0.861u\mgprotein and purification fold 6.10 compared to crude enzyme. The kinetic characteristics of partiallypurified lactate dehydrogenaseare studied. The maximum activity is obtained at 250μg of enzyme,Tris-Hcl buffersolution at pH 7.9, temperature 37ᵒC, incubation time 5 min., with 10mMK+, Vmax and Km values of partially purified lactate dehydrogenase1.176 unit/ml and 27.02 mM with thesubstrate sodium pyruvateare found respectively

Hydaticystosis is one of the most common diseases in the world, and had azoonotic pattern ,surgical intervention is one of the most important treatment attempt,despite the serious problems the patient experiences during surgery. The current studywere aimed to use camel's milk as an immune improver against this disease inlaboratory mice .Experimental study was conducted in department of biology ,College of Science University of Thi-Qar, during the period from November 2015till April 2016 so four groups of mice(Mus musculus) of Balb /c strain age (6- 8)weeks were used as following .The first group was orally treated with 0.2 ml ofphysiological solution for one week (Negative control ) .The second group was orallytreated with 0.2 ml of physiological solution for a week and then injectedintraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus (3000protoscolex / ml ) ( Positive control ).The third group was orally treated with 0.2 mlof camel's milk for a week and then injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml ofprotoscolices (3000 protoscolex / ml ). The fourth group was orally treated with 0.2ml of camel's milk for two week and then injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml ofprotoscolices (3000 protoscolex / ml).The results of the current study showed that the groups of animals treated withcamel's milk for one week and two weeks had a decrease in the number and weightsof secondary hydatid cysts and the group treated with camel's milk for two weeksshowed a significant decrease in the number and weights of cysts compared to the positive control group. A significant reduction in weights and size ratio of liver andspleen was observed in the group treated with camel's milk for two weeks comparedwith control group .It has been concluded that camel's milk has the ability to reduce the incidence ofsecondary hydatid cysts in infected mice and treated with camel's milk and theincreased duration of treated with camel's milk significantly reduces the incidence ofinfection