A case of dystocia due to Schistosomus reflexus fetal monster in a Jersey crossbred cow and its per vaginal delivery through fetotomy is reported in this communication. A five years old, full term pregnant Jersey crossbred cow in her third parity was presented with the history of straining and difficulty in parturition for the past eight hours. Per vaginal examination revealed fully dilated cervix and the fetus with exposed visceral organs and ankylosed limbs. Based on the obstetrical examination, the case was diagnosed as dystocia due to fetal monster. By performing fetotomy, a Schistosomus reflexus fetal monster was successfully delivered per vaginum.

By-products of fruits possess antioxidant polyphenols, anti-mutagenic, cardio preventive and antiviral activities. The consumers are aware of the health benefits of nutraceutical foods and the demand for such foods is increasing in recent years. Orange peels are rich in flavanones, powerful antioxidants that help to reduce oxidative damage and fight free radicals. Hence, an attempt was made to develop a value added ice cream with orange peel. Orange peel powder was incorporated in ice cream at varying levels viz. 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5 per cent. Based on texture, sensory attributes and physio-chemical properties, sensory evaluation of the product revealed that incorporation of orange peel powder at 2.5% level found to be acceptable.

The challenges faced by India in achieving the food and nutritional security to the fast growing population need a concerted approach for growth of livestock sector. Various forecasting models like combinations of ARIMA models and Exponential Smoothing models like Simple, Holt, Brown and Damped trend were used to identify the growth patterns and to predict the future trends in livestock and poultry production in India. Time series data on milk production from 1950-51 to 2017-18 were used to forecast the milk production in India up to 2050-51. Brown Exponential Smoothing was the best fit model for forecasting of milk production in India. The forecast obtained showed that milk production would increase to 207.57, 311.86, 416.16 and 520.45 MT respectively during 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51 from 121.80 MT during the year 2010-11. ARIMA (0,1,1) was the best fit model for forecasting meat and wool production, the forecasted values of meat production showed that meat production would increase from 1.08 MT in 2000-01 to 5.18, 7.63, 10.07 and 12.52 MT, respectively during 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51. Wool production would increase appreciably over years with a production of 46.26, 52.06, 58.59 and 65.17 million kg, respectively during the years 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51 from 43.00 million kg in 2010-11. The Brown Exponential Smoothing model was the best fit model for forecasting egg production in India. The forecasted values obtained from the best fitted Brown ES was 103341.99, 144374.02, 185406.04 and 222334.86 million numbers during the years 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51, respectively.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) genome consists of 10 segmented double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA). Of these, genome segment 2 (Seg-2), which encodes outer capsid protein VP2 is the primary determinant of virus serotype. In the present study, partial VP2 gene of KRL2/2017 (BTV-16) isolate collected from Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh was amplified to know the evolutionary relationship of this isolate with previously reported Indian and global BTV-16 isolates. Seg-2 sequence data of KRL2/2017, showed >98% nucleotide identity with other Indian isolates. Comparison of this isolate with BTV-16 isolates across the world, showed higher sequence homology to isolates of Japan followed by Greece and China than to those of isolates from South Africa, Italy, UK, Australia and Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis suggest that the isolate of the current study belong to eastern topotype similar to the viruses recovered from Japan, Greece and China reflecting their common eastern origin.

Proven scientific technologies related to the Animal Husbandry practices are generally demonstrated in the field for the benefit of the farmers. Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tiruchirappalli has conducted three frontline demonstration programmes (FLD) during the year 2015 - 2018. By these programmes, it is observed that farmers get benefitted economically. Twenty farmers were benefitted in the programme conducted in 2015-16 on the "Impact of TANUVAS mineral mixture on the milk yield of dairy cows". Mineral mixture supplementation improved the milk quality and milk quantity. Hence each farmer obtained additional improved returns of Rs.150/month/cow. In the year 2016-17 a programme on "Scientific intervention in to Improve Production Performance of Backyard native chicken" was conducted and four farmers were benefitted. They reported that the scientific technologies like TANUVAS desi chicken feed, deworming and vaccination demonstrated in this programme increased body weight gain, reduced mortality, increased egg production and improved hatchability. Each farmer profited Rs.500/- for 5 birds additionally. Six farmers participated and benefitted in the programmes conducted in 2017­18 on "Azolla pinnata as cattle feed supplement". Supplementation of azolla reduces the cost of production of milk and improves the milk quality. In this study it is observed that there was a reduction in cost of production of about Rs.2.50 / litre of milk Also there was an increase in returns of milk since improved quality of milk

The study was aimed at establishing the embryonic stem cells (ESC) like cell colonies from in-vitro produced buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) compact morula (CM). A total of 33 CM were subjected for zonalysis using pronase and embryonic cells were derived by three different methods viz., T 1: Intact CM; T 2: Disaggregation of CM by gentle pipetting and T3: Slicing of CM using Bard Parker blade. The efficiency of establishment of ESC-like cell colonies in the three groups were 66.7, 83.6 and 6.7 per cent respectively. There were no significant differences on the day of attachment and initiation of primary colony formation between T1 and T2 groups. However, the primary colonies established significantly earlier (Day 3.8) in T2 group than in T1 group (Day 4.8). In both the groups, the primary coloniesspread out vigorously exhibiting rapid proliferation rate. The ESC-like cell colonies of T1 and T2 groups survived upto four passages. Immunostaining of CM, primary and passaged ESC-like cell colonies revealed distribution of Oct-4 protein. The study demonstratedsuccessful establishment of ESC-like cell colonies from pipette dissociated blastomeres of in-vitro produced CM. 

Penaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp) is the most extensively farmed among the crustaceans globally. Disease is the major impeding factor in the commercial culture of P vannamei undertaken in freshwater, brackish and marine aquaculture systems. In this study, P. vannamei samples were collected from a commercial shrimp farm at Tiruvallur district, Tamilnadu that has reported black gill disease. The clinical symptoms observed in the shrimp were melanized black gills, reduced feeding, surfacing and mortality in the early morning. Samples of gills were collected aspectically and diagnosed for bacterial Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND); viral diseases viz., Gill Associated Virus (GAV), White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Yellow Head Virus (YHV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and fungal infections by conventional diagnostic methods and PCR following confirmation by nucleotide sequencing. The results of the study showed that P. vannamei infected with black gill disease had multiple infections with fungus, Aspergillus niger and virus WSSV.

A Study on the comaprative efficancy of two types of serial collapasible fish traps differning   rear end funnel opening was carried out. With respect to Type-1 trap having rectangular rear end funnel opening and Type-2 trap with elliptical rear end were fabricated. The experiment was carried out in fishing ground one nautical mile off  the coast of mandatam (Lat 09 degree 16.633 'N  long .. 0.79 degree 08.992 ') Feb 2015 to june 2015. significant differnce wasobserved with respect to catch rate of different species caught irrespective of the design of traps (Plt;0.05). The difference in shape of rear funnel opening was found to be responsible for the significant difference in the catch rear funnel opening was about 3 times higher catch rate of Type-1 trap with rectangular rear funnel opening was about three times higher (17.1 Nos/ soaking day) than that of Type-2 trap with elliptical shaped rear funnel opening (5.9 Nos./ soaking day). The impact of seasonal variation on the catch rate was found to be insignificant (Pgt; 0.05). Though Psammoperca waigensis was found to be the dominant specices in both  types of traps in terms of number, Epinephalus coioides ranked first in term  of weight and price per kilogram in both Type-1 and Type-2 traps. Irrespective of the types of traps tested, the higher catch rate, including all the species caught, and was observed during the month of February which directly increased the overall catch rate during February month. With respect to the behavior of different species caught in relation to the types of traps tested, Sarcocendrum rubrum was recorded only in Type-1 trap which had rectangular shaped rear funnel opening and Muraena sp was recorded only in Type-2 trap with elliptical shaped rear end of the funnel opening which served like a burrow and hence facilitated the entry of eel. Type -1 trap gave three times higher gross returns than Type-2 trap.

A Seven - month old female Kankrej calf was presented to Large Animal Clinics - Out-Patient - Medicine Unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai, with the history of recurrent tympany for two months with scanty dung with a pasty consistency. Onclinical examination of the animal, bilateral distension of the abdomen was noticed. Haematobiochemistry revealed neutrophilia with leucocytosis and significantly elevated Gamma-Glutamyl-Transferase values. In radiography, no change in the silhouette of reticulum could be appreciated other than a mild bronchial pattern. Ultrasonography revealed an anechoic encapsulated cavity with echogenic internal spots of the reticular wall. Based on these findings, the calf was diagnosed with an abscess in the reticulum. Accordingly, the abscess was drained and the animal was treated with antibiotics and supportive therapy and the animal recovered uneventfully.

Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) or viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is an infectious neuropathological disease affecting more than 120 fish species. Although VER affects mainly marine fish , the disease has also been detected in certain species reared in low  saline and freshwater environments. In the present study, a case of betanodavirus associated massive mortality was investigated in juvenile seabass Latescalcarifer, maintained in cage culture facilities in brackishwater pond in Odisha(India).The affected fish showed clinical signs typical of betanodavirus infection around 70 days post hatch (dph), resulting sudden mass mortality in all the cages affecting almost 100% of the population. Histopathology revealed massive necrosis of tubules in kidney and mild vacuolation of the nervous system, suggesting an infection by betanodavirus.The presence of virus was detected and confirmed by nested RT-PCR assay and sequence analysis of PCR product. Sequencing of the PCR product indicated sequence homology with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus(RGNNV) type.However , the reservoir of the virus leading to the outbreak remains unidentified but suspects the infected fry as source. This is the first report of mortality associated with natural infection of betanodavirus infection in inland cage farming facilities in India.