This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ursolic acid, hyperinsulinemia and vitamin B complex in skeletal muscle, which represented by Gastrocnemius muscle after sciatic nerve crush in diabetes mellitus male rabbits, determine their effects on some biochemical parameters which include insulin, total serum protein (TSP) and skeletal muscle protein percentage and detect their effects on histological structures of the skeletal muscle represented by Gastrocnemius muscle. The results of our study showed that there is a significant increase of insulin in diabetic rabbits and this increase is continued in all treatment groups with a higher level range of (3.56-8.4 µu/ ml); the lowest significant increase is with vitamin B complex treated group. Our study illustrated that Induction of diabetes has no significant effect on skeletal muscle protein percentage but has a significant effect on total serum protein, while all treatment groups caused a significant increase in skeletal muscle protein percentage and total serum protein. Histological sections of the Gastrocnemius muscle represent some changes happened due to sciatic nerve crush injury, such as some distraction in skeletal muscle fibers, splitting and atrophy of others as well as there is an increase in thickness of fibrous tissue separating them. There is a good regeneration of muscle fibers with little splitting phenomena; also there is a clear formation of muscle cell nuclei, which indicate an improvement of muscle after different treatment.

This study aimed to defect and calculate infection rate of Oestrus ovis. in sheep from Ninevah governorate, Iraq.The study examines the presence of oestrus ovis. Larvae in heads sheep collected from march to may 2014. Of 133 heads 72 (54.1%) were infested with oestrus ovis. A total of 142 larvae were encountered in the infested sheep. Thirty five (24.6%) of those larvae were identified as L1, 62 (43.7%) were identified as L2 and 45 (31.7%) were identified as L3, the general mean of intensity of larvae was( 2) larvae/ infested head..The older animals were mostly affected as compared to younger animals. there was no significant difference between the number of infected male and female. sheep with black colored head higher infestation than that of sheep with light colored head

The oral use of pregabalin was evaluated in this study to reveal its effects on some hematological and biochemical parameters of laboratory mice. The animals of this study were divided into three groups (twelve mice each). The control group was fed on a standard ration. The first treated group (Pregabalin 1) were dosed orally with one ml of distilled water containing Pregabalin (20 mg/ml/mice/ day). The second treated group (Pregabalin 2) were dosed orally with one ml of distilled water containing pregabalin (40mg/ml/mice/ day). The experiment continued for two successive months. The results showed that the use of pregabalin caused a significant declination in R.B.C., HGB, HCT, W.B.C., M.C.V., MCH, and MCHC of both treated groups compared them with control group and the declination was more significant in (pregabalin 2) group compared with (pregabalin 1) group. The RDW-CV, RDW-SD, and PLT increased significantly in both treated groups as compared with those of the control group. However, PCT, PDW and MPV were not affected by the use of pregabalin except the MPV of (Pregabalin 2) group was significantly less than that of (Pregabalin 1) but without a significant difference compared with that of control. The Fe++, and GLU decreased significantly in both treated groups compared with the control and they declined more significantly in (Pregabalin 2) compared with (Pregabalin 1). Both the TP and Ca++ did not affected by the use of pregabalin compared with the control group (P≤0.05)

The objective of this study was to determine the levels of Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentration, as well as the clinical signs that may be occur due to the Zinc and copper deficiency, in addition to the effect the two trace elements levels on the hematological levels, oxidative stress Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant levels glutathione and Catalase (CAT). This study carried out in Basra province, the study conducted on (75) sheep (male and female). About 60 sheep clinically have from zinc and copper deficiency (hypozincemia) and 15 clinically apparently healthy served as a control group. The clinical signs occur due to the tow trace elements deficiency include: loss of appetite, depression, pica, repeatedly bites off the wool of other sheep, loss of the wool, loss of hair around the eyes, ear and nose, alopecia, parakeratosis, stiff in gait and some animals suffering from diarrhea, pale of the mucous membrane, decrease the rumenal contraction, and significant (P

Bacillus thuringiensis is a ubiquitous a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium, produces various proteins (toxins) during the stationary and vegetative phase of its growth cycle. Some of these proteins belonging to this group showed weak similarities to ß-barrel pore-forming toxic proteins, such as the cytotoxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens, alpha-toxin of Clostridium septicum. In the present study, the intoxication effects of Cry51Aa1 protein produced by B.thuringiensis F14-1 strain was evaluated in vivo, in order to investigate the ability of activated Cry51Aa1 to make a change in size or functions of zebrafish cardiovascular system and induces toxicity in adult zebrafish. Using in vivo imaging we observed that Cry51Aa1 has no scientific effect on cardiac function and development of zebra fish embryo or have toxic effect on adult in spite of use high concentration, so it is safe to use and a potentially effective agent in breast cancer therapy.

Mosquitoes apply very important impact on people life, and their control, day by day, is getting harder and harder. This difficulty comes from different issues such as insecticide resistance. The gut microbiome (GM) in different animals has been discovered to add principle influence on the gastrointestinal tract physiology. For example, GM participates in degradation of some poisonus chemicals into safer molecules that could be handled by the animal host. Eukaryotic cytochrome P450 has been detected to inseret some degradation processes in other animal models such as zebra fish. However, these effects are not yet known in mosquitos. In order to stand on these problems and find if the prokaryotic P450 is involved, this study had been done to find out if the GM has any role in developing such resistance in mosquitos. Larvae were used in this experiment which exposed to benzothiozole (BZT) to trigger the hypothetical role of prokaryotic P450. By using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the result indicates that the bacterial P450 was initiated and might be involved in the BZT exposure handling

Cross-sectional study carried in areas surrounding Baghdad province (Dora , Nahrawan, Tajy and Abu Graib )respectively. During June -December 2016, for detection of cattle Babesiosis. One hundred fifty (150) clinically healthy local cattle breeds of different ages, and from both sex were examined by routine blood smear examination, molecular detection of Babesiosis by Conventional polymerase chain reaction PCR and by ELISA test. Results revealed that the infective species of Babesia during this study were B.bovis and B.bigemina that had detected in 14 cases ( 9.33%) by traditional blood smear examination, compared with 15 cases ( 10% )with Babesia bovis by conventional PCR technique and 100 cases (66.6%)with Babesia bigemina were detected by using ELISA technique .It has been concluded that infection with Babesia.bovis and Babesia bigemina were more prominent and no other species were detected

In this study the seroprevalence of active toxoplasmosis represented by T. gondii IgM in angora goats was detected in Zakho and Semel districts of Duhok provinceIraq for the first time. T. gondii antibodies were detected at the laboratory of college of Veterinary Medicine of Duhok University from April 2009 to May 2010. Ninety two (92) serum samples were collected from clinically healthy adults’ angora goats (54 and 38 were obtained from Semel and Zakho, respectively). Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay was applied and the overall infection rate was %13.04. Results show that the infection rate was different between the two regions with a higher rate recorded in Zakho. Female and older animals were affected with higher infection rates than males and younger animals. It can be concluded that toxoplasmosis is an active infection among angora goats of Duhok province, therefore145 for more biosecurity measures and to minimize the zoonotic impact of the disease all animals must be screened periodically.