The objective of this experiment was to study wheather the administration of GnRH plus PGF2 alpha synchronizes the estrus in anestrus crossbred cows exposed to bull urine (BU) during the winter season (Nov to Feb). The results indicated that a greater proportion of BU-exposed cows (n=20) showed estrus as compared to control (n=8) (90 vs 37.5 % P0.05). The mean plasma progesterone concentration remained below 1ng/ml in all animals of each group during the treatment period. The overall conception rate was double in BU-exposed cows (66.7 vs 33.3 % P0.05). From this experiment it can be concluded that oro-nasal application of BU synchronizes the estrus in a greater proportion of anestrus cows treated with GnRH plus PGF2 alpha during winter season.

The molluscicidal effect of ether extract of different components of neem plant (leaf, seed, bark and whole plant) was evaluated against snails Lymnaea auricularia and Indoplanorbis exustus. The extracts were prepared by cold extraction method. The concentrations of extracts used were 1:10, 1:15,1:20, 1:25, 1:30 and 1:35 and the results were recorded at different period of exposure time (6, 12, 24, 48,72 and 96 h). The different concentrations of ether extract of neem showed variable effect on adult stages of L. auricularia and I. exustus. It showed positive correlation between exposure time and mortality and negative correlation between dilution and mortality. Among the different extracts, the whole plant extract was most effective followed by seed, leaf and bark against snails. I. exustus was found to be more susceptible to methanolic extract of neem as compared to L. auricular.

Clinico-therapeutic studies were made on thirty clinical cases of lantana toxicity in cattle. The affected animals showed anorexia, constipation, icteric mucous membranes, lachrymation, oligurea,cracks on muzzle, dehydration and rumen stasis. Biochemical analysis revealed that 61.53 % of early presented cases and 100 % of late presented cases were having biphasic Vanden Bergh reaction. Hypoglycemia and increased total protein level were present in late presented cases. Markedly elevated values of total bilirubin, BUN, AST and alkaline phosphatase in both the early and late cases of lantana toxicity indicated hepatic and renal dysfunction.

In the study, 348 bacterial isolates comprising of Escherichia coli (100), Klebsiella aerogens (45), Proteus mirablis (35), Peudomonas aerogens (20), Staphylococcus sp. (78), Streptococcus sp. (13), Bacillus sp. (57) were isolated from egg shell and egg contents of 150 egg samples collected from local market in Patna (Bihar). The isolates were subjected to antibiogram. This study demonstrated that egg from organized farm microbial contamination than unorganized poultry farm reflecting the effect of environment, storage and transportation on microbial quality of eggs.

Conventional methods of detecting Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a bacterium that causes caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in sheeps and goats focused on several serodiagnostic tests such as ELISA, Western blotting and various inhibition and precipitation techniques. This paper described a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) protocol for the direct detection of polyclonal
antibodies against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis with immobilisation of the antigen on unmodified transducer surface. The lower limit of detection was determined to be 2 μg mL-1 of immobilised antigen (Ag). Sufficient binding interaction was monitored on unmodified transducer; and saturation of the binding interaction was observed at 80 μg mL-1 of interacted antibody.

The objective of this study was to examine the nutritionally-related
blood metabolites; total protein and glucose levels in goats of Kinta and Hilir Perak districts. A total of eight farms were screened, involving a total of 220 animals. Serum samples were collected in plain tubes for total protein determination, while
plasma samples were collected in sodium fluoride tubes for glucose determination. Total protein and glucose determination were carried out using Idexx Vettest 8008 Blood Chemistry Analyzer. Results show
that goats in seven out of eight farms had malnutrition problems and poor body scores. Farmers were given advices based on the laboratory results obtained from this study.

Strangles is an extremely contagious bacterial infection specific to
equine species( horses, mules and zebras). A nationwide screening of S. equi was conducted among horses following an isolation of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi) from a horse. All horses were monitored for the presence of respiratory signs, nasal discharge and submandibular swelling. This paper reports the isolation of S. equi from horses during a nationwide survey from August 2010 to December 2010. From August 2010 to December 2010 our laboratory received 2,825 nasal swabs, 9 guttural pouch flushes, 1 submandibular swab and 1 submandibular abscess. The samples were subjected to conventional bacterial isolation and identification.
Streptococcus equi-positive samples were also confirmed by detecting the M-gene (SeM) of the bacteria by using PCR. Two nasal swabs from two horses and one submandibular abscess from a horse were positive for S. equi by culture and subsequently by PCR. Surveillance for S. equi should be continued for the control of the strangles. PCR can be carried out in parallel to bacterial culture to increase the
detection rate of carriers and shedders.

The ameliorative effect of salts, ascorbic acid olyphosphate and zinc oxide supplementation on heat stress was studied in adult buffaloes of either sex which were randomly divided into two groups of four animals each. Group I served as control and Group II was supplemented with sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, ascorbic acid polyphosphate and zinc oxide. All the animals were exposed to two conditions of temperature and humidity: hot-dry and hot-humid in psychrometric chamber for 4 hours daily for 10 days. Blood was collected on days 1, 5 and 10 of treatment. The activities of enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), hormone cortisol and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) binding substances (lipid peroxidation) were estimated in serum. Significant decreasewas observed in activities of serum catalase and SOD. Serum GSH concentration decreased while serum concentrations of TBA binding substances and cortisol significantly increased in both groups which were subjected to heat stress. Dietary supplementation of ascorbate, zinc and electrolytes resulted in further decrease in the enzymes' activities where as the serum GSH increased at par to normal values. Serum concentrations ofTBA binding substances and cortisol were comparatively lower in supplemented group in both types of stress. Thus, supplementation of ascorbate and zinc in addition to electrolytes relieved the animals of oxidative stress.

Prevalence and management of ovulatory disturbances was recorded from 454 repeat breeding crossbred Jersey cattle of Kashmir valley during a 7 years period (2004-05 to 2010-11). Prevalence of anovulation and delayed ovulation was recorded 16.30 and 12.78% with an overall prevalence of 29.07% ovulatory disturbances. Anovulatory animals treated with RCG (Chorulon @ 1500 to 3000 IV i.v. per animal depending on body weight) showed conception rate (CR) of 86.36%; while those treated with Buserelin (Receptal @ 5ml Lv. per animal) as 100.00%, although this difference was statistically non-significant. Animals suffering from delayed ovulation inseminated twice, thrice or 4th times depending on the persistence of estrus signs showed overall CR of 87.93%.

Atotal of twenty four LargeWhite Yorkshireweaners nearly of same body weight were selected for the present study.The prediction equations were constructed to estimate the body weight of pigs indirectly from different body measurements of 24 pigs. The body weight was highly correlated (PO.OI)with body length, heart girth and height at withers. Accuracy for the measurement of body weight with prediction equation using one or two independent variables shifting from heart girth to height at withers with increase in body weight. Coefficient of multiple determination (R2)increases gradually as the number of independent variables increased in the prediction equation and the best prediction equation was observed when all the 3 body measurements were included in the equation. orrelationcoefficientof body weightwith body measurementswere also foundto be highly correlated.