In-vivo follicular developmental pattern was characterized in postpartum anoestrus (PPA) crossbred cows using the ultrasound imaging technology. A total of 12 PPA and six normally cycling cows were selected and investigated. In PPA cows, the ultrasonographic examination of ovaries was initiated randomly on any day and examined every other day continuously for a period of 25 days. In cyclic animals, the ovaries were ultrasonographically monitored every other day from the day of observed oestrus (Day 0) to Day 10 targeting the dominant follicle (DF) of first follicular wave. Ultrasonographic monitoring of the follicular turnover in PPA cows revealed that both the ovaries exhibited dynamic follicular activity. A maximum of two waves could be recorded during the observation period of 25 days, with each wave extending for a period of 8 – 10 days. The follicular wave of PPA exhibited coordinated growth, static and regression phases, with significantly (P < 0.05) prolonged static phase than their counterpart in normally cycling cows. Eventhough the DFs attained >10mm diameter, the animal did not evince any symptom of oestrum which might be due to deficient steroidogenic capacity of the follicular cells as a result of aberrant follicular microenvironment.

The objective of the present study is to explore the bacteria associated with the dead-in-shell eggs of psittacines. A total of 132 dead-in-shell eggs of different psittacine breeds (Macaws, Lories, Conures, Amazons, Eclectus, Cockatoos, Grey parrots and Jardine parrots)were obtained from the incubation unit of Cavin estate exotic bird farm, Chennai, Tamil Nadu and subjected to microbological analysis. The overall prevalence of bacteria isolated from the dead-in-shell was 80.30% (106/132). Among these, Gram-negative bacteria were predominant (49.24%, 65/132) was observed followed by Gram-positive organisms (28.78%, 38/132) and Gram-positive filamentous organisms (2.27%, 3/132) were also isolated from dead in shell embryos. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus sp. (21.12%) was found to be more followed by Bacillus sp. (3.78%), Corynebacterium sp. (2.2%) and Enterococcus sp. (1.51%).Similarly, among the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia sp. (25%) was identified more followed by Pseudomonas sp. (6.60%), Serratia sp. (6.60%), Acinetobacter sp. (4.5%), Enterobacter sp. (3.78%), Yersinia sp. (3.77%), Citrobacter sp. (2.27%), Buttiauxella sp. (1.52%), Klebsiella sp. (1.51%), Cedeacae sp. (1.51%) and Erwinia sp. (0.75%). Among the psittacine species, more numbers of the dead in shell cases were found to be in conures (37%) and lories (14.5%). Commonly found bacterial isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivitytest. All the isolates were found to be sensitive to enrofloxacin and cefotaxime whereas, most of the bacteria showed resistance to trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole and kanamycin. Resistance to other antibiotics were variable. Multiple resistance was not observed for any of the isolate. 

A study was carried out among sheep farmers in Dhubri district of Assam on socio-economic status and management practices adopted by them. Altogether 120 numbers of farmers were selected randomly from two blocks of this district. The data were collected through personal interview method with the help of a well-structured, comprehensive and pre-tested interview schedule. Most of the sheep farmers were illiterate and belonged to middle age group. Majority (65.00%) of the respondents had agriculture as their main occupation. Majority (73.33%) of the respondents had low annual income followed by medium annual income (22.50%) and high  annual income level (4.16%). The study revealed that sheep were sheltered during night only. There was no separate housing for the sheep alone. Sheep were let loose in the morning and returned back to the night shelter before evening when there was no crop in the field. During flood, the animals were shifted to an elevated area and were mostly fed with tree leaves such as jackfruit, mango, neem, guava, banana, and babool. During rainy season, when most of the fields were waterlogged, they even graze in knee deep condition in marshy land. Due to grazing in marshy land during rainy season, they were highly prone to parasitic infection particularly liver fluke infection. During flood, most of the sheep died due to severe starvation. Majority of the farmers reported two breeding seasons in sheep viz. June-August and January-March. None of the farmers vaccinated their sheep in the study area. Hence, there is an urgent need to adopt improved management practices to exploit the production potential of this local sheep. By adopting improved management practices, better growth could be achieved, which will ultimately increase the income of the rural poor.   

Barnacle of the genus Octolasmis are commonly called goose-neck barnacle and are frequently found in infesting corals, echinoderms, molluscs, horseshoe crabs, lobsters, isopods, sea- snakes, stomatopods. They are found in shallow waters attachedto the exoskeleton of the decapod crustacea, including crabs and few are found in depthgreater than 1000 meters. During a visit to Pazhaverkadu fishlanding center located near Pulicat Lake, Tiruvallur district, a single individual of Portunuspelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) infested with Octolasmis sp. (Gray, 1825) was encountered. A further work on the effect of Octolasmis sp., and the correlationof its infestation with the thinning of muscle mass and histopathological changes mustbe studied.

This study was conducted to investigate methane production potential of feed ingredients to develop a database on methane production. Feed ingredients such as cereal grains, cereal by-products and protein supplements were tested for methane production potential using in vitro gas production technique. In vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of cereal grains ranged from 60.1 to 96.7% and oats grain (76.2%) and distiller’s grain (60.1%) had lower (P<0.05) values than other cereal grains. Among the cereal by-products, wheat bran showed highest (P<0.05) IVTD (74.9%) than rice bran (42.7%). IVTD of cottonseed oil cake, black gram and sunflower oil cake was lower (P<0.05) than other protein supplements. Methane production potential of cereal grains at half life (t1/2) ranged from 0.66 to 2.85 ml/100 mg truly digested substrate and the difference was significant (P<0.05), however, maize grain, sorghum grain, bajra and broken rice did not vary among themselves. Average methane production potential of cereal by-products at half life (t1/2) and 24 hrs was 1.27 and 1.81 ml/100 mg truly digested substrate, respectively. Average methane production potential of protein supplements at half life (t1/2) and 24 hrs was 1.39 and 1.75ml/100 mg of truly digested substrate, respectively and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Maximum (P<0.05) methane production potential at half life (t1/2) was recorded for black gram (4.07 ml/100 mg truly digested substrate). Lowest methane production potential both at half life (t1/2) and 24 hrs were recorded in fish meal and spirulina. It can be concluded that among cereal grains, methane production potential was higher (P<0.05) in oats grain at half life (t1/2) and all the cereal grains had similar methane production potential at 24 hrs. Among cereal by-products, wheat bran had higher (P<0.05) methane production potential both at half life (t1/2) and 24 hrs. Among protein supplements, black gram had significantly (P<0.05) higher methane production potential at half life (t1/2) and horse gram had significantly (P<0.05) higher methane production potential at 24 hrs. 

A research was undertaken to enrich the fibre content in milk lollies by incorporating defatted tamarind seed kernel powder (TSKP) at 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 per cent levels in suitable form. The developed products were subjected to sensory, physicochemical, proximate, microbiological and cost analysis. Sensory analysis revealed good overall acceptability. The pH values increased in milk lollies withconsequent decrease in titratable acidity. As the inclusion level of TSKP increased both the specific gravity and viscosity increased from 1.10±0.00 to 1.13±0.00 and 48.35±1.63 to 57.52±1.38 respectively with a highly significant difference (p≤0.01). The melting resistance showed a marked improvement with inclusion of TSKP and the time of first drip was the lowest (2 minutes) for control and the highest (5.5minutes) for milk lollies with 0.75 per cent TSKP. The proximate analysis of milk lollies showed no significant difference among control and treatment milk lollies. Coliforms were absent in all the samples and total viable count for milk lollies were within the acceptable level (5.10 to 5.20 log cfu/ml). Though the cost analysis of milk lollies revealed a slight increase in the rates of treatment groups compared to that of control, the rates were found to be acceptable with added health benefits. 

The haemato-biochemical profile of sheep and goat with gastrointestinal parasitism was studied. A total of 100 blood samples were collected from Nellore (Jodipi) sheep and Tellicherry goats, reared under the semi-intensive system in the University research farm in Madhavaram Milk Colony, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu from January to June, 2022. The haemoglobin (Hb) value, packed cell volume (PCV) values and RBC values showed significant reduction.Similarly, the reduction of the differential count was also observed in infected sheep viz., lymphocyte and monocyte, whereas there was asignificant increase in total neutrophil count, total eosinophil count and basophil in infected sheep as compared to healthy sheep. In goats, there was significant reduction in Hb, PCV, RBC and WBC values whereas there was a significant increase in total monocyte count in infected goat as compared to healthy goats. 

A retrospective study was carried out to calculate incidence of various etiology responsible for repeat breeders in graded Murrah buffaloes during period of 2020-2021. The characterization of repeat breeding based on affections of reproductive tract in buffaloes (n=130), revealed that 6.92%, 75.38 and 17.70% had ovarian, uterine and cervical affections, respectively. Amongst the buffaloes withhistory of failure of conception, the most predominant cause of uterine affections was endometritis with an occurrence of 89.80 per cent (88/98). 

The present investigation was carried out on 365 records of Gir cows maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm during the period from 1986 to 2014 with an objective to assess the influence of various environmental factors on monthly test day milk yield in Gir animals. The overall least square means for individual monthly test day milk yields in Gir cows ranged from 2.74±2.0 to 6.35±0.26 litres. The effect of season of calving on first monthly test day was highly significant, The effect of age at first calving and period of calving was non-significant on all monthly test day milk yields.

Thelaziasis is the infestation of eye with parasitic nematodes belongs order spirurida and family Thelazidae. Thelazia spp. inhabit the eyes and associated tissues such as eyelids, lacrimal ducts of various mammals, birds and human etc.  Thelaziasis is observed in Mahaboobnagar goat, which was presented to Veterinary clinical complex, Tirupati with actively moving worms observed in the conjunctiva of left eye with lacrimation and photophobia. It was treated successfully with levamisole orally @ 5 mg/kg body wt and Ivermectin injection @ of 0.2 mg/kg body wt subcutaneously and applied antimicrobial steroid ointment in to the eye for theprevention of inflammation and secondary bacterial infection.