It has long been believed for the presence of infectious coryza affecting serious economic loss of domestic poultry industry. However, the etiologic agent has not been isolated until quite recently. From 1979, several strains of Haemophylus-like organism were isolated from chickens with symptoms similar to infectious coryza, and their colonial morphology, growth requirement, biochemical properties and pathogenicity were assessed. In addition, serological properties of the isolate by cross hemaglutination inhibition test was also investigated. The results indicated that all the isolates were identified as Haemophilus gallinarum which had similar characteristics to the reference strains.

This experiment was undertaken to determine the causative agent of dermatophytosis that occurred in the 3 common seals and an elephant which were derived from the Tae-gu and Busan zoological gardens. Direct microscopic examination, culture and pathogenicity test were performed for the samples obtained from the skin lesions of the animals. The causative agent was identified as Trichophyton mentagrophytes exclusively in these cases, and the present report describes the first cases of the common seal and elephant as ringworm.

A total of 210 dairy cows were epidemiologically investigated for mastitis by Milk Quality Test (MQT) Method. Milk samples from cows infected with mastitis were also bacteriologically studied. 71(42.5%) of 174 dairy cows were positive for mastitis and 59(79.7%) among them were infected with subclinical mastitis and 15(20.3%) with clinical mastitis. The incidence rate of subclinical mastitis for herd showed tendency to increase at the barn located on a lower place (30.7-7-43.9%), whereas, the barn which was on a higher place and with bucket type milking system showed tendency to decrease causative organisms. A total of 230 strains of etiological agents were isolated from 578 infected duarters which shown MQT score (+) or more. The relevant causative organisms isolated in this study were Staphylococcus aureus (18.3%) Staphylococcus epidermidis (16.9%), fungi (16.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.2%), E. coli (7.8%) and Serratia marcescens (2.2%), respectively.

This study was performed to evaluate the sedative effect of xylazine for restraint of deers such as sika deer (19 cases), deer (19 cases), elk (19 cases), pere david deer (13 cases) and reindeer (8 cases), raised in the area of suburb of Seoul, Chungcheongnam-do and Gyungsangbug-do. Provinces, Korea [R.]. The more the dose of xylazine, the earlier the onset of sedation, and the slower the recovery time to normal state. The optimal intramuscular dose of xylazine was found to be 0.8-1.4 mg per Kg of body weight for sika deer, 0.6-1.0 mg for red deer, 1.0-1.4 mg for elk, 0.2-0.4 mg for pere david deer, and 0.6-1.0 mg for reindeer.

Amblyomma testudinarium Koch, 1844, previously known to occur in India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Indochina, the Philippines, Taiwan and Japan, is here initially discovered and recorded in Korea [R.]. A male specimen was collected from grazing Frisian cattle of the Dae Weon Farm on Jeju island (Korea R.) by a local veterinary official on the 28th June in 1981. The specimen was examined and identified as A. testudinarium. The morphological characteristics of the male specimen were redescribed. A total of 18 species of ticks belonging to 7 genera, such as Argas, Amblyomma, Boophilus, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma and Ixodex, has now been recorded to occur in Korea [R.].

A total of 251 clinical isolates (human origin 43 strains and boving udder origin 208 strains) of the Staphylococcus that fermented mannitol aerobically were tested for ability to produce coagulase, DNase, and thermostable nuclease. Of these, 158 isolates coagulated human or bovine plasma, produced DNase, and thermostable, nuclease and were identified as St. aureus, 146 of which produced a 1+ to 3+ clot. The remaining 12 isolated produced a -clot in citrate treated plasma but produced 1+ to 3+ clot in ethylenedi-aminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treated plasma. It was found that 7 coagulase positive isolates failed to produce thermostable nuclease. In these organisms, we found out of the clot formation is not by coagulase activity but utilization of citrate, because EDTA treated plasma is not coagulated. Among 93 isolates which did not coagulate citrate-or EDTA treated plasma and thermostable nuclease negative, 28 strains produced DNase were identified as St. epidermidis, and other strains were not identification further. It was found that thermostable nuclease production appears to be a consistent property of St. aureus and the test is easy to perform, is rapid to become quite distinct within 2 to 4 hours, and is not influenced by as many factors and variations as the coagulase test.

To observe the histopathological changes on the bite lesion produced by the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann with particular reference to the acquired immunity in the host, a series of experiments was carried out. The major histopathological changes of the lesion produced by the tick were characterized by a hemorrhagic and edematous inflammatory reaction, leukocyte infiltration and some nectoric signs.

Changes in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (S-GOT) activities, serum alkaline phosphatase activities and serum total protein amounts were investigated on seven Korean native cows having normal estrus cycle of 18-24 days after normal parturition, dividing estrus cycle into estrus (0-1 days), metestrus (2-6 days), diestrus (7-16 days), proestrus (17-20 days). Serum total protein amount at estrus ranged from 6.45 to 8.08/10O dl with a mean of 7.25 +-0. 56g/100 dl, at metestrus 6.37 to 7.9 g/100 dl with a mean of 7.65+-0 0.50 g/100 dl, at diestrus, 6.56 to 8.67 g/100 dl, with a mean of 7.53+-0.55 g/100 dl and at proestrus 5.94 to 7.71 g/100 dl with a mean of 6.54+-0.65 g/dl. There was no significance among the stages of estrus cycle.

Reproductive performance of gilts and sows in ordinary piggeries was investigated with special reference to litter size, piglets weaned per litter, the cause of preweaning mortality and the incidence of diarrhea. Biochemical properties of Escherichia coli isolated from piglets with diarrhea were also determined. Of the 2,226 gilts and sows farrowed, average number of piglets born alived and weaned piglets per litter were 8.9 and 7.1, respectively, indicating that both gilts and sows lost more than 20% of all their piglets prior to weaning. The causes of preweaning mortality in order of prevalence were diarrhea (39.3%), pneumonia (20.0%), crushing (13.8%), starvation (11.0%) and born weak (10.3%). Incidence of 3 diarrheal syndromes of piglets, i.e. 1 week diarrhea, 3 week diarrhea and post-weaning diarrhea were 18.4%, 66.1% and 15.5%, respectively, showing that most farms were suffering from so called 'white scours' in piglets 14-28 days old.

The immune response to bluetongue virus in sheep and cattle was studied by applying a newly developed indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Purified virus obtained by sucrose gradient centrifugation was used at a concentration of 0.01 optical density units (formula: see text) to coat individual wells (200 microliter) of a microtitration plate. Dilution of antigen was performed in 0.05 M carbonate buffer, pH 9.6, and adsorption lasted for at least 16 hours at 4 C. Coated plates retained their activity for 10 weeks when stored at 4 C. Sera recovered from experimentally infected sheep and cattle were tested together with known negative sera. A good correlation between results was obtained with the modified complement-fixation test and the ELISA; however, the ELISA proved to be more sensitive. The group specificity of the ELISA was proven by testing various type-specific sheep and cattle immune sera. The ELISA has potential for the detection of group-specific antibodies to bluetongue virus infection.