The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinalparasites in large ruminants ( cattle and buffalo ) in Thi-Qar province south of Iraq .For this purpose, 628 fecal samples were collected including 312 from buffaloes and316 from cattle, from different areas of Thi-Qar Province between February 2017 andFebruary 2018. Parasitological procedures used for the identification of helmintheswere direct and indirect methods(Flotation and sedimentation techniques). The resultsrevealed that the prevalence of GI parasitic infestation were 54.7% in cattle and23.71% in buffalo ,Moreover Fasciola spp. was the most prevalent GI parasite in bothcattle and buffaloes. Parasitic infestation was recorded throughout the year withseasonal variations.

This study carried out in College of Veterinary Medicine /University of Basrah toevaluate the effect of different doses of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) on Thyroid functions inChlorpyrifos (CPF) treated male rats. Fifty adult male rats were used and randomly dividedinto five equal groups, 10 rats per each group: Group 1(control) administered orally cornoil(1ml /kg.bw) , whereas first treated group administered CPF 1/20th LD50 (6.7 mg/kg bw).Group 3, 4 and 5 were administered CPF (6.7mg /kg.bw) plus PSO(20, 40, and 80 ) mg/kg.bwrespectively. The treatments were given once daily by oral gavages for 8 weeks. At the end ofthe experiment, animals were sacrificed and blood samples were obtained for evaluation ofthyroid hormones (T4 and T3 ) and tissue samples from thyroid gland kept in 10% neutralformalin for histopathological examination.The results indicated that male rats treated with Chlorpyrifos demostreated a significantincrease (P<0.05) in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and a significant decrease (P<0.05) inthyroxin(T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormones compared with control group.Histopathological examination of CPF treated males showed that thyroid gland revealeddestruction of thyroid follicles with infiltration of macrophages on the site of folliculardestruction. On other hand groups treated with 20,40 and 80 mg pumpkin seed oil inducedimprovement in above cited parameters and histological changes in dose dependent manner

Chronic Hepatitis B is a major global health problem worldwide, However, twoBillion People could be infected with this disease Worldwide. Living organismsrequire varying amounts of heavy metals. Such as manganese(Mn), cobalt(Co) andzinc(Zn). Some heavy metals have bio-importance, but the bio toxic effects of manyof them in human biochemistry are of great concern. Heavy metals are essentialmicronutrients involved in many metabolic processes. One hundred sixty patientsamples and thirty healthy individuals were investigated in this study. All patientsincluded in this research are tested positive for the HBSAg test and their specimenswere examined by profile test which includes (HBS Ab, HBe Ag, HBe Ab, HBc Ab,(IgM-IgG), HCV and HIV) and also viral load (HBV PCR) with unit (copies/ml)were carried to test the patients sera. Manganese, chromium, cobalt, and nickel havelevels were determined by using inductively Coupled plasma- Mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Results show a significant increase in the concentration of manganese,chromium, cobalt, and nickel in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B compared to healthy individuals. We conclude that hepatitis B may affect the level of studiedelements in patients infected with HBV.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cumin on diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan in rats. Male Wister rats were used, and randomly divided into five groups (6-8 rats for each group): The first group: was administered distilled water and served as normal control, the second group: induced diabetes by single subcutaneous injection of alloxan 100 mg/kg.body weight and served as diabetic control, the 3,4,5 groups was administered 50,100,200 gm/kg of rat's forage respectively for four weeks, then diabetes are induced in this groups by same route as above. Cumin treatment in all doses lead to significant decrease glucose levels, and triglyceride and significant decrease in cholesterol level in dose 100, 200 gm/kg of forage and no change occur in total protein level. These results indicate that cumin have a role in delaying of diabetes through the effects of cumin in decrease some biochemical parameters.

Hydatidosis is an endemic disease in Iraq till now and it causes highly economiclooses . the aim of the following study was to investigate the histopathological effectof hydatid cyst on kidney function .11% total percentage were recorded among kidney of experimentally infected malemice with hydatid cyst in the current study and many pathological changes were alsoreported.The present study has explained that the infection with hydatid disease affect on thekidney function after examination of Blood urea nitrogen that related to kidneyfunction and reporting increase of its level .

The rapidly expanding field of nanotechnology is becoming a possible source for humanexposure to nanoparticles. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) is one of an importantnanoparticle which has been widely manufactured in developed processes for several years. Theaim of this study was to investigate the effects of TiO2-NPs on some biochemical parameters andthe renal histopathology alterations in adult Wistar rats. 63 male rats were used and treated withdifferent doses (0.5, 5, 50, 1.5, 15, 150 mg/kg) of TiO2-NPs (21 nm) twice a week for 4 weeks.Each group separated into three subgroups then sacrificed at 4 days, month and 3 months postintratracheal instillation. The IL-10 and MCP-1 estimation in BALF and histopathologicalexamination of kidney were done. The results showed serve histological alteration in renal elementspost 4 days post-instillation, which got an increase in a month post instillation as the concentrationof MCP-1 and IL-10 increased in BAlF and in lung tissues homogenate. The histopathologicalexamination revealed decreasing in glomeruli number in cortex of the kidneys with hemorrhage andinflammatory cells infiltration at 4 days post-instillation while after a month of instillation, thechanges like swelling, dilatation of Bowman's capsule and degeneration changes in renal tubuleswere observed. At 3 months post-instillation, some regeneration in renal elements were observed.

The present study was carried out to identify the morphological description and histological structureof liver and pancreas in mongoose . Six adult males mongoose from Al-Basra province were used inthis study and were transferred to the anatomy branch of veterinary medicine, and were sacrificed forcollecting the livers , pancreas and fixation 10% formalin. The morphological study revealed that theliver in adult mongoose was located in cranial part of abdominal cavity , caudal and ventrally to theheart and was associated with stomach .the mongoose's liver is composed of six chief lobes.Histological examination result revealed that the liver consist of several lobules separated from eachother by trabeculae of connective tissue extend from the basic unit of the parenchyma of liver ishepatocyte which arranged in plates or cords like that radiated around the central vein and betweenthese cords there is sinusoids lined by a layer of fenestrated endothelial cells and Kupffer's cells .in theboundary of each lobule showed portal area which consist of hepatic artery : hepatic vein and bile ductlining by cuboidal cells .The result appeared that the pancreas in adult mongoose is roughly U in shape, it has yellow palecolor and lies rather to the dorsal side of the duodenum, between it and the stomach . it has divided intothree parts, the right lobe, body, and left lobe . the pancreas is composed exocrine and endocrine tissues.The exocrine portion consists of clusters of pyramidal cells, which are mostly organized in acini. thecells have a dark basophilic cytoplasm, distinct basal nuclei, and many large eosinophilic zymogengranules containing enzymes ,Trypsinogen and Chymotrypsinogen responsible for the digestion ofproteins, carbohydrates, fats and nucleotides. The endocrine portion of the pancreas consist of smallclusters of glandular epithelial cells called pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans). However , the lackof studies in Iraq on this type, so this study came to provide us with information on the major glands ofthe digestive system.

This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of microscopy compared to moleculardetection of babesiosis infection in camels(Camelus dromedarius) in AL- Najaf AL-Ashrafprovince-Iraq, started from November 2017 to May 2018.The results showed that the totalprevalence using via microscopic examination and molecular detection method was 17.5%,54.16% respectively,however , the rate of females infection was 10% as compared with males25% by microscopic examination , whereas, the infection rate by using PCR in females andmales, 66.66% ,41.66% respectively. The results also showed that the rate of infection in the ageof less thana year was 6.66% and 28.33% in age of more than one year by microscopicalexaminations, While by using the molecular assay the rate of infection in the age of less than ayear was 45% and 63.33% in the age of more than one year.It has been conclude that PCR has ahigh ability to detect babesiosis in camels as compared with microscopic examination.

The study was designed to assess the hygienic condition of local and imported tableegg-shell at Mosul markets. Two hundred local and imported eggs were randomlycollected from the markets and transferred immediately to the scientific research unitin the college of Veterinary medicine / University of Mosul for bacteriologicalexamination. Total counts using four types of medias were used: Standard Plate Countager (SPC), Mac Conkey ager, Violet Red Bile Glucose ager (VRBG) and TryptoneBile X-glucoronide (TBX) for Escherichia coli and fecal coliform bacteria. Resultsshowed that the means of total viable coliform and E. coli bacterial count in the localegg-shell at different markets ranged from 0.3 to 3 x107 on SPC agar, 0.08-10x107 onMac Conkey ager, 0.014-3x105 on (VRBG) and 0.3-7x104 on (TBX) compared with0.032-5x107 on SPC agar, 0.03-3.3x105 on Mac Conkey ager, 0.014-5.9x104 on(VRBG) with no growth on (TBX) for coliform and E. coli in the imported table-eggshell at different markets. Biochemical tests for local and imported table egg-shellwere performed. It was concluded that the rate of contamination in the local tableeggs was more than the imported one and the isolates of E. coli bacteria were obtainedonly from local eggs on the TBX medium.

The present study was carried out to determine and investigate theantihyperglycemic action of the alcoholic extract and alkaloids extracted from IraqiMedicinal Plant Haloxylon salicornicum on blood glucose level of Alloxan –InducedDiabetic Rabbits (150 mg/kg intraperitoneal) . In present study were prepared arealcoholic extract and isolated alkaloids . Preliminary qualitative tests werecarried out for all prepared extracts and identification bio active chemicals alkaloidcompounds (Acetic acid (amino carbonyl) ; 4-fluoro histamine ; hydroxyl urea; nhexylmethyl amine ; 1-methyl dodecyl amine ; Octadomine) by TLC and GC-MSchromatography . Alloxan –induced diabetic rabbits was prepared after injecting theexperimental rabbit with three dose of alloxan (I.V).Alloxan –induced diabetic rabbit, the results indicated that alcoholic extract and alkaloids extracted from Haloxylonsalicornicum showed significant decreasing in glucose conc. levels. Alkaloidsisolated from Haloxylon salicornicum showed very high activity to decrease bloodglucose levels in hyperglycemic rabbits ,where significant decreasing (P<0.05)was found at second hrs , significant decreasing (P<0.01) at fourth hr. and highsignificant decreasing (P<0.001) at sex and twenty forth hrs. Both alcoholic extractand alkaloids extracted Haloxylonsalicornicum have potential hypoglycemic effect inhyperglycemic induced rabbits