The present study was carried out to assess the nutrient composition and in vitro gas production analysis of some commonly available newer feed resources to use them as a conventional feed for dairy cattle. Eight different newer feed resources namely Pomegranate peel, Sugarcane bagasse, Orange peel, Mango seed kernel, Banana leaves, Carrot pulp waste, Neem oil cake and Poultry manure were collected and screened for their nutrient composition, in vitro gas production analysis and their gross energy values. The results showed that the crude protein and crude fiber content of newer feed resources ranged from 1.98 % to 20.88 % and 4.93 % to 25.36 % respectively. The ether extract and total ash content ranged from 0.48 % to 11.36 % and 1.77% to 19.11 % respectively. The levels of nitrogen free extract ranged from 41.4 % to 77.3 %. The Neutral Detergent Fibre and Acid Detergent Fibre content ranged from15.21 % to 78.15 % and 14.27 % to 57.78 % respectively. The total gas production of carrot pulp waste recorded the highest values (48.29 ml) and banana leaves recorded the lowest values (2.47 ml) among the newer feed resources. The highest and lowest gross energy value was recorded in neem oil cake (4926 kcal/kg) and poultry manure (3235 kcal/kg) respectively. It was concluded that the ingredients contained appreciable level of dietary nutrients make them to substitutes for the conventional feed sources for dairy cattle.

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis) aqueous extract in chicken meat balls and the assessment of the physico-chemical and sensory properties of the meat balls. Chicken meat balls were prepared with the inclusion of Indian gooseberry aqueous extract (GBAE) at 0, 9%, 12% and 15% levels. The emulsion pH, product pH, emulsion stability and product yield were determined. DPPH scavenging activity (%) was studied to establish the antioxidant potential of the GBAE in the product. Sensory properties were evaluated using 8 point hedonic scale. Emulsion pH and product pH decreased  significantly (P<0.05) with the addition of GBAE. Product yield decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the addition of GBAE at 12% and 15% levels. DPPH scavenging activity significantly (P<0.01) increased with increase in the GBAE inclusion level, where 15% treatment had the highest antioxidant potential followed by 12% and 9% treatments. The sensory scores of control and 9% treatment were comparable and the scores were significantly (P<0.05) lower for 12% and 15% treatments. From this study, it is observed that GBAE could be added as a potential antioxidant in the chicken meat balls, up to a level of 9% without affecting the physico-chemical and sensory qualities of the product. 

A pluriparous Kanni bitch which was presented with the history of brownish vaginal discharge. Detailed gynaecological examination revealed presence of macerated fetal bones in the birth canal. Further, ultrasonographic examination revealed fetal bones in the uterus. Treatment with dextrose and oxytocin successfully expelled the macerated fetus. Animal had an uneventful recovery with antibiotic coverage.

Histochemical study was conducted on Bursa of Fabricius of 48 normal Japanese quail birds up to four weeks of age, which were divided into four groups of 12 birds each, at the end of first week, second week, third week and fourth week of age, irrespective of sex. In all age groups, moderate to high periodic acid Schiff’s (PAS) activity was observed in the interfollicular connective tissue septa. Weak PAS activity was observed in the cortex in all age group of birds. The surface epithelium showed moderate PAS activity almost in all age group of birds, along with high PAS activity in the apical border of the surface epithelium in group I age of birds which was intense from group II age of birds. High Alcian blue periodic acid Schiff’s (ABPAS) activity was found in the interfollicular connective tissue septa in group I birds which gradually decreased with the advancement of age. High to intense ABPAS activity was observed in the capillaries as well as tunica intima and adventitia of blood vessels in birds of all age groups.

A Ten year old intact dachshund bitch weighing around 13kgs body weight was presented with the history of pendulous swelling on the caudal ventral abdomen for past six months. On palpation, swelling was soft, painless and reducible. On radiographic examination, herniated intestinal loop was noticed. Haematobiochemical values were within normal range except for mild neutrophilia. Based on the clinical examination and radiographic evaluation, it was diagnosed as inguinal hernia. Herniorrhaphy and ovariohysterectomy was performed under general anaesthesia. Postoperatively, antibiotics and analgesics were administered for 7 and 3 days, respectively. No postoperative complication was recorded and the animal recovered uneventfully.

Gross anatomical structure of pelvic bone in conure bird was studied. The shape of the pelvic girdle was in the form of inverted blade and consisted of ilium, ischium and pubis, constituting the two pelvic bones of which the ilium was largest and between the two pelvic bones, the rhomboid shaped lumbosacral mass was observed. Above the level of acetabulum ilium was separated by a small bony ridge as pre and post acetabular part. Posterior end of ilium had a slender, linear and extended part and had a straight process which projected ventrally. There was no ilioneural canal. Ilium, ischium and pubis formed the acetabulum. The caudodorsal rim of acetabulum presented a triangular facet an anti-trochanter. Ischium was a thick and triangular bony plate below the level of posterior rim of the  acetabulum. Ventral border of the ischium had an obturator foramen with broader caudal end. Ilium formed  synostosis with pubis and ischium and a large ischio-pubic notch were also formed. Pubis was thin , slender bone extended behind the medial border of ischium. Ischium was bent posteromedially. Pubis was not fused with ischium to form obturator foramen, but formed a notch-like structure. The pectineal process was less developed.

Twenty four Nellore brown ram lambs (15.32 ± 0.39 kg body weight) of 3-6 months aged were used to assess the effect of different floor types on body condition score (BCS), dirt score, eggs per gram (EPG) count of faeces and hoof condition under intensive rearing system for a period of 120 days. Lambs were assigned randomly to one of three treatments. Treatment groups were mud/gravel floor-control (T1; n = 8), concrete floor (T2; n = 8) and elevated plastic slatted floor (T3; n = 8). Significantly higher BCS observed in experimental groups in first (P<0.01) and eighth (P<0.05) fortnights, whereas the difference observed in other fortnights was not-significant. Significant (P<0.05) difference in dirt score was observed among three floor types and lowest dirt score was observed in lambs kept in T3 group. Higher dirt score indicated that the lambs reared on concrete floor were dirtier than lambs on mud floor whereas, lambs reared on elevated plastic slatted floor (low score) were cleaner than other two groups. There was a significant difference in EPG count of faeces among treatment groups. The EPG count of T3 group was significantly (P<0.05) lower from second to fourth month and T2 group also recorded lower EPG value in third month of the experiment indicating lesser incidences of parasitic infestation. The study also revealed significant (P<0.05) difference in hoof length among three treatment groups. Higher hoof length (cm) was recorded in T3 group throughout the experiment except the first fortnight. It is concluded that, elevated plastic slatted floor is recommended for rearing of ram lambs for higher BCS, cleanliness (dirt) score and lower EPG count of faeces together with a periodical hoof trimming for early marketability of healthy ram lambs.

A comparative study to assess the quantity and quality of milk production in milch cattle using TANUVAS and Commercial (AGRIMIN® FORTE) mineral mixture was conducted in two dairy farms in Ramanathapuram district in the form of On Farm Trials (OFT). Three animals in the same stage of milking were selected from each farm. The animals were divided in to three groups viz. A, B and C with one animal in each group. All the animals were in the same plane of nutrition in the particular farm. Group A was kept as control, Group B supplemented with TANUVAS mineral mixture and animals in Group C were supplemented with AGRIMIN ® FORTE and the study was conducted for a period of 4 months. Although both the treatment groups (B and C) showed elevation in volume of production and fat % and the rate of raise in fat % was found to be higher in group B and the amount of raise in volume of milk produced was found to be higher in group C. The SNF % and Protein % were found to be increased only in group C.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a combination of endocrine and metabolic syndrome contributing to both the terms as a clinical feature in women. The present study was conducted to find the alleviative effect of aqueous extract of Asparagus racemosus against the induced PCOS in Wistar rats. About 60 Wistar rats (n=10) are randomly divided into 6 groups: Group 1 (control group), Group 2 (Asparagus racemosus control), Group 3 (PCOS control estradiol valerate 5 mg/rat), Group 4 (estradiol valerate + 1000 mg/kg Asparagus racemosus Prophylactic treatment from day 1 of induction of PCOS), Group 5 (estradiol valerate + 100 mg/kg Asparagus racemosus treatment, after induction of PCOS), Group 6 (Metformin 100 mg/kg). Haematological parameters such as glucose, total protein, albumin, ALT, AST, ALP, triglycerides, cholesterol, C reactive proteins, BUN and creatinine were studied in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Metformin group showed highly significant (P<0.01) reduction in haemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and significant (P< 0.05) reduction in Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC) compared to prophylactic, therapeutic and PCOS groups while PCOS group showed elevation in platelet count (P< 0.05). Significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum glucose, cholesterol and CRP noticed in the PCOS groups compared to prophylactic, therapeutic and metformin groups. The results indicated that Asparagus racemosus had partial alleviating effect on haemato-biochemical parameters caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome in Wistar rats.

Displacement of the abomasum is one of the important incidence recorded in dairy cattle especially after calving that lead to huge economic loss. A six year old Holstein Friesian female cow calved fifteen days back was presented to the Large Animal Outpatient Unit, Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal with the history of not voiding dung and anorexia for past three days. The animal was fed with corn and ragi feed. Clinical examination revealed pale pink mucous membranes, right side distension of abdomen, ping sound on right paralumbar fossa to 11th intercostal space on simultaneous auscultation and percussion. On rectal examination balloon like structure was noticed and the liptak test revealed pH of 2. Ultrasonographic examination of abomasal contents and post mortem examination confirmed RDA.