Vaginal hyperplasia is a common reproductive disorder in intact female dogs, primarily occurring during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle due to elevated estrogen levels. This case report describes the successful surgical management of Type III vaginal hyperplasia in a nulliparous, one-year-eight-month- old Labrador Retriever, kept for breeding purposes. The dog was presented with a protruding vaginal mass and stranguria for 12 days. Clinical examination revealed a hyperemic, edematous, and ulcerated doughnut-shaped mass protruding from the vulvar rim. Hematological findings showed a mild leukocytosis, and vaginal cytology confirmed the late estrus stage. Given the need to preserve reproductive function, radical excision of the prolapsed vaginal mass was performed under general anesthesia, avoiding ovariohysterectomy. Postoperative care included antibiotic and analgesic therapy, wound management, and the use of an elizabethan collar. The patient exhibited an uneventful recovery, with normal urination restored the day after surgery. Histopathological examination confirmed vaginal hyperplasia without evidence of malignancy. The dog successfully conceived following estrus 25 weeks post-surgery, demonstrating the efficacy of surgical excision in maintaining reproductive potential. This case emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment strategies in breeding animals, ensuring both reproductive preservation and clinical resolution of vaginal hyperplasia.

Bone fractures pose significant health concerns in both humans and animals, necessitating effective strategies for accelerated healing. This study is aimed to evaluate the bone healing potential of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) in Wistar rats. A total of 24 rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=6 each). Group I served as healthy control, group II as fractured untreated control, group III received oral CQ treatment (400 mg/kg body weight daily for 30 days), and group IV received topical CQ application at the fracture site for the same duration. Biochemical and radiological assessments were conducted to monitor healing progress. Results demonstrated significant (p<0.05) improvements in biochemical markers of bone healing in treated groups compared to the untreated control. Notably, oral administration of CQ in group III showed the most rapid and effective fracture healing, while topical application in group IV also yielded beneficial effects, albeit slightly delayed. In conclusion, Cissus quadrangularis exhibits promising bone-healing properties in Wistar rats, with oral administration proving more effective than topical application. These findings support further investigation into CQ as a natural therapeutic agent for fracture management.

Acute pancreatitis in dogs, characterized by sudden pancreatic inflammation and autodigestion, most commonly affects middle-aged to older patients. It typically results in abdominal pain, inappetence, and vomiting. While the underlying cause is often idiopathic, consumption of high-fat diets is a well-recognized trigger. A one- year-old male Shih Tzu was presented with acute abdominal signs, including anorexia, vomiting, and cranial abdominal pain, following four months on a high-fat paneer-based diet. While abdominal radiography was unremarkable, ultrasonography revealed a thickened, hypoechoic right pancreatic lobe with surrounding hyperechoic mesenteric fat, suggestive of acute pancreatitis. Routine haematological and biochemical parameters, including serum amylase and lipase, were within normal limits; however, the serum canine-specific pancreatic lipase (Spec cPL) concentration was significantly elevated at 410 µg/L, confirming the diagnosis. Supportive management and dietary correction to a low-fat prescription diet resulted in complete clinical resolution by the seventh day. Follow-up Spec cPL concentration normalized to 55.9 µg/L within twenty days, and no recurrence was observed over a one-year period. This case highlights dietary fat as a key trigger and underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis using Spec cPL and ultrasonography, alongside targeted nutritional management for successful recovery.

A 2.5 years old Pattanam ewe(pregnant around 45 days) was brought with a history of mass protruding from vulva for past 24 hours. On external genital examination, the animal was having a soft and fluctuating ball like protruding mass measuring about 6×6.5cm from vulval region. The vaginal mass was further explored by aspiration and surgical incision which revealed the presence of colorless fluid filled thin membrane like structure. Based on microscopic examination where a single invaginated scolex with 4 unarmed suckers were viewed, then this case was confirmatively diagnosed as “A vaginal cyst due to Cysticercus tenuicollis”. The animal was dewormed with susp. Fenbendazole and Praziquantel. The antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-histamine therapy along with topical antiseptic ointment were followed for next 5 days and the ewe recovered uneventfully.

A four-year-old mongrel bitch was presented with a history of foul-smelling greenish-black vaginal discharge and whelped four puppies three days earlier. Clinical, ultrasonographic and radiological examinations confirmed a diagnosis of foetal remnants with emphysematous changes. During a midventral laparotomy, a uterine rupture at the dorsal curvature of the left uterine horn was identified and two deceased foetuses were removed. Ovariohysterectomy was performed at the owner’s request as per standard surgical procedure. The bitch was treated with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and supportive therapy, alongside surgical wound care. The bitch made an uneventful recovery.

Congenital goiter is characterized by enlargement of thyroid gland, stillbirth, abortion, prolonged gestation and birth of weak calves. This case report documents the successful management of a congenital goiter using levothyroxine. The condition was tentatively diagnosed  based on clinical signs and confirmed by rapid therapeutic response, with complete recovery observed in fifteen days. To prevent future cases, it is recommended to avoid feeding cruciferous plants to pregnant dams and to ensure adequate supplementation of iodine during gestation in iodine deficient areas.

Food bait preferences of house flies were evaluated using olfactometry bioassays. A single cage dual port glass olfactometer was used to assess preferences of house flies towards sugar, fish meal and molasses in no choice and choice bioassays. Flies were allowed into olfactometer individually, observed for five minutes. Time spent in bait port and decision chamber, number of entries into test/control port and port selected five minutes post-exposure were recorded. In the second study in a four arm acrylic olfactometer, three food baits viz., high fish meal low molasses cake, low fish meal high molasses cake and mango essence were tested In the glass olfactometer, flies showed positive response towards food baits compared to control in no choice bioassay. In choice bioassay, flies preferred fish meal than both sugar and molasses and molasses was preferred over sugar. In four arm acrylic olfactometer bioassay, 43.87, 30.96 and 25.16 per cent flies were attracted to high fish meal low molasses cake, low fish meal high molasses cake and mango essence, respectively. Results revealed that molasses and fish meal based baits can be used in housefly traps. Olfactometry bioassays were found effective in bait preference studies of house flies.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the occurrence of enterotoxigenic B. cereus from 200 samples including 100 raw milk, 50pasteurized milk and 50 ice cream samples sold in Puducherry. The results revealed that 68 samples (34 %) belonged to B. cereus group which included 36 from raw milk (36%), 9 from pasteurized milk (18%) and 23 from ice cream samples (46 %). On PCR analysis, 64 out of 68 isolates showed the presence of gyrB gene which differentiates B. cereus from B. cereus group isolates. Multiplex PCR revealed the presence of four enterotoxigenic genes hblA, nheA, cytK and entF Min 32.35 %, 77.94 %>, 54.41 % and 94.12% of the 64 isolates. On biofilm production assay, out of 64 enterotoxigenic B. cereus isolates, 60 (93.75 %) isolates showed the ability to form biofilm in which 13 (20.31 %) were strong, 21 (32.81 %) were moderate and26 (40.63 %) were weak biofilm producers. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G and sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, vancomycin, streptomycin and norfloxacin. The current study directs the need for proper hygienic measures during collection, production, processing and storage of milk to reduce the contamination level. It also indicates the need for surveillance and action to reduce the contamination of enterotoxigenic B. cereus in milk and milk products in Puducherry.

The optimization of Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) as a healthy alternative to refined wheat flour (RWF) in chicken nuggets was investigated to assess dietary fibre enrichment. Replacement was performed at four levels: 5% (Tl), 6% (T2), 7% (T3), and 10% (T4), while control nuggets were prepared using RWF. Product quality, texture profile, sensory evaluation, and dietary fibre content were assessed. Emulsion stability and product yield remained statistically similar, with improved textural characteristics observed up to 7% replacement with Kodo millet. The product's acceptance was highly significant (P<0.01) at 7% inclusion (7.61±0.32), with dietary fibre enrichment showing a 126.49% increase over the control. The findings concluded that 7% Kodo millet flour inclusion is the optimal level for dietary fibre enhancement in functional chicken meat nuggets.

Ricinoleic acid, a toxic compound found in castor seeds (Ricinus communis L.), can be lethal when inhaled, ingested, or injected at doses of 5-10 pg/kgto human or animals. This study presents a validated, rapid, and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) methodfor its quantification. Separation was achieved on silica gel 60 F254plates using a mobile phase oftoluene, ethyl acetate and acetate acid (6:4:0.2 v/v/v). Densitometric scanning at 450 nm detected ricinoleic acid with an Rfvalue of 0.66 (±0.04). Linearity was observed in the range of 20-100 ng/spot with R = 0.998 ± 2.62%.