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The present study was carried out during the month of January 2014 when a total of 148 dogs with history of various diseases were presented to the Campus Veterinary Hospital, Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India. Out of 148 dogs that were presented to the hospital, 48 dogs had the clinical signs of loss of hair, itching, and reduced food intake. The dogs were restless and continuously rubbed their bodies against the walls in the houses, and scratching with their legs. Clinical examination of the dogs revealed presence of alopecia, pruritus, and the formation of small crusts. All 48 dogs were treated with ivermectin by subcutaneous injection dosed at 0.02 mL/kg body weight at a weekly interval for 2 to 3 weeks. All dogs were bathed with cypermethrin shampoo weekly once for 2-3 weeks. In the present study, it was observed that ivermectin/cypermethrin combination therapy was effective for the management of tick infestation in dogs.

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ticks lice dogs ivermectin cypermethrin

Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

Gross and microanatomical studies on the moderator bands (septomarginal trabecula) in the heart of mature Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)

2014

Wael Ghonimi | Ahmad Awad Abuel-Atta | Mohamed Hafez Bareedy | Ahmad Balah

The current work was carried out to investigate the gross and microanatomical features of moderator bands (septomarginal trabecula) in camel heart. Ten hearts were collected from healthy mature dromedary camels. Anatomically, the moderator bands were present in both right and left ventricles. In right ventricle, the walls had one muscular moderator band which was extended from the interventricular septum to the opposite ventricular wall especially to the papillary muscle. In left ventricle, there were two bands; one extended from the interventricular septum to the papillary muscles, and the other one was present in various places especially in the apex running as a thin thread-like band across the left ventricular wall. Histological examination revealed that the moderator band consisted of two major layers; the central (core) myocardium and the peripheral endocardium, acting as band capsule. The myocardium had two bundles; the contractile cardiac muscle bundles and the Purkinje fiber bundles. The endocardium consisted of three layers; the endothelial layer of simple squamous epithelium, the subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue and the subendocardial layer, connecting the endocardium with the myocardium.

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heart moderator band ventricular trabecula purkinje fiber dromedary camel septomarginal trabecula

Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

Reproductive performances of Black Bengal goat under semi-intensive and extensive conditions at rural areas in Bangladesh

2014

Md. Jahid Hasan | Jalal Uddin Ahmed | Md. Mahmudul Alam

The current study was aimed to investigate the influence of housing system on female reproductive traits of Black Bengal goats at rural areas in Bangladesh during the period of July to December 2012. A total of 200 Black Bengal goats reared under semi-intensive (n=100) and extensive conditions (n=100) were selected considering their age, body weight, body shape, and conformation. In semi-intensive condition, average age at puberty was 197.82±12.58 days, and age at first conception was 292.96±0.50 days; whereas, these lengths were 208.82±12.60 days and 287.65±0.52 days in extensive condition, respectively. Age at first kidding was 448.26±25.48 days under semi-intensive condition, whereas under extensive condition it was 450.07±22.43 days. Under semi-intensive condition, average litter size at the first, second and third parity were 1.06±0.13, 1.76±0.12 and 1.96±0.12, respectively. In contrast, under extensive condition, these values were 1.01±0.10, 1.62±0.12 and 1.75±0.11, respectively. The average kidding interval under semi-intensive system was 190.2±20 days, and the length reduced to 178.23±0.50 days (p<0.01) in the case of extensive housing system. It is concluded that rearing under extensive condition provoked better reproductive performance in Black Bengal goats as compared to semi-intensive housing system at rural level in Bangladesh.

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management housing reproductive performance rural level black bengal goat

Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

Serology based comprehensive study of Neospora infection in domestic animals in Hamedan province, Iran

2014

Jamal Gharekhani | Heidar Heidari

This study was conducted to determine seroprevalence of Neospora infection in cattle, sheep, horses, donkeys, and dogs in Hamedan province, Iran. Blood samples (n=2254) from the animals were collected randomly during 2009 to 2012. Sera were prepared from the collected blood samples, which were then examined for the presence of antibodies against Neospora using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Neospora modified direct agglutination test (N-MAT), and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The seroprevalence rates of Neospora were found as 17.4% (n=245/1406) in cattle, 2.2% (n=8/358) in sheep, 40.8% (n=49/120) in horses, 52% (n=52/100) in donkeys, and 27% (n=73/270) in dogs. In this study, higher levels of Neospora infection were detected in cattle, horses, donkeys, and dogs. This is the first comprehensive study of Neospora infection in domestic animals in Iran. Further researches on molecular and bioassay studies and designing appropriate control strategies against neosporosis in Iran are necessary and strongly recommended.

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neospora cattle sheep seroprevalence horse dog comprehensive study donkey

Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

Radio-diagnosis of fecoliths and its non-surgical management in dogs

2014

Arif Khan | Mohsin Ali Gazi | Suhani Bashir | D.M. Dumralia | M.S. Bagate

Two cases with a history of cessation of feces for 2 weeks, depression, lethargy and anorexia in two different dogs; a Labrador male and a Doberman female, were presented. On physical examination, abdominal distension along with intense pain was observed. Blood samples were collected from the dogs for hematological and biochemical analyses. The examination revealed an increased percentage of packed cell volume (PCV). By radiological examination, radiopaque material was seen in the large intestinal tract. The condition was suggestive of fecolith. The cases were managed by means of non-surgical management. Through an 11-day long medicinal treatment, the dogs recovered uneventfully.

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dog non-surgical management case report fecolith radiology

Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

Expressão da progranulina durante os primeiros estágios de desenvolvimento hepático em ratos Fischer 344 | Expression of progranulin during the first stages of liver development in rat Fischer 344

2014

Transplants are the only effective therapy for the treatment of advanced liver diseases such as cirrhosis. Given the limited number of organ donors, regenerative medicine has sought for sources of cells and tissues for replacement therapy. Embryonic stem cells are a promising source of material for transplantation because of their exclusive property of being expanded indefinitely in culture, thus, they are a source of replacement tissue. Moreover, they are capable of differentiating into practically all cell types, and may be utilized in replacement therapy in various diseases. The liver bud has bipotent stem cells that have not yet differentiated into hepatocytes or biliary duct cells; however, they have great potential of proliferation and differentiation. Thus, the challenge is to identify methods that promote their differentiation in specific and functional strains. This study aimed to evaluate the role of the progranulin growth factor PGRN during the liver development of rats F344, since this growth factor could be utilized in protocols of differentiation of stem cells of the liver bud in functional hepatocytes. The results showed that PGRN is present during different periods of hepatogenesis in F344 rats, and that this growth factor should be involved in the process of differentiation of hepatoblasts into hepatocytes after activation by HNF4α , however, PGRN seems not to exert a cellular proliferation function during the hepatogenesis. Thus, PGRN can be used in future protocols of liver cell differentiation directed toward cellular therapy in Regenerative Medicine. | Os transplantes são a única terapia eficaz para o tratamento de doenças hepáticas avançadas, como a cirrose. Dado o número limitado de doadores de órgãos, a medicina regenerativa tem procurado fontes de células para a terapia de substituição. As células embrionárias são uma fonte promissora de material para o transplante devido à sua propriedade exclusiva de ser expandida indefinidamente em cultura, assim, elas são uma fonte de tecido de substituição. Além disso, são capazes de se diferenciar em praticamente todos os tipos celulares, e podem ser utilizadas na terapia de substituição em várias doenças. O broto hepático tem células-tronco (CT) bipotenciais que ainda não se diferenciam em hepatócitos ou células do ducto biliar, contudo, elas têm um grande potencial de proliferação e de diferenciação. Desse modo, o desafio é identificar métodos que promovam sua diferenciação em linhagens específicas e funcionais. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o papel do fator de crescimento progranulina (PGRN) durante o desenvolvimento hepático em ratos F344, uma vez que a PGRN poderia ser utilizada em protocolos de diferenciação de CT do broto hepático em hepatócitos funcionais. Os resultados mostraram que PGRN está presente durante diferentes períodos da hepatogênese em ratos F344, e que a mesma deve estar envolvida no processo de diferenciação de hepatoblastos em hepatócitos após ativação por HNF4α, no entanto, a PGRN parece não desempenhar uma função de proliferação celular durante a hepatogênese. Assim, a PGRN pode ser usada em futuros protocolos de diferenciação de células hepáticas voltadas para a terapia celular na medicina regenerativa.

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pcna broto hepático progranulina hnf4α células-tronco embrionárias

Universidade de São Paulo - Brazil

Development of bovine abomasum in prenatal period | Desenvolvimento do abomaso de bovinos no período pré-natal

2014

Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento | Silvia Helena Venturoli Perri | Roberto Gameiro de Carvalho | Cristina Maria Rodrigues Monteiro

For this purpose, samples of Nelore fetus abomasum (Bos taurus indicus) were classified into five groups: 1 – fetuses with 9 to 15 weeks (8 to 21 cm) of gestation, 2 – fetuses with 16 to 22 weeks (23 to 37 cm), 3 – fetuses at 23 to 29 weeks (40 to 58 cm) 4 – fetuses with 30 to 36 weeks (61 to 77 cm) and 5 – fetuses with 37 to 43 weeks (79 to 88 cm). Histologic sections were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius and Mallory’s trichrome methods and examined under light microscopy. In fetus with 11 cm of length showed deep mucosa, wide folds and villi lined by single cylindrical epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, muscular sublayers and serosa. Fetus with 13.5 cm, villi were evident and muscular layer of the mucosa was formed. At 16.5 cm, could be seen an increase in mucosa glands size and number. In fetus of 26 cm, showed gastric mucous glands at great number and ramifications. At 29 cm large folds, were observed. At 37 cm, showed glandular epithelium, muscular layer of the mucosa and muscular layer well development. Fetus with 42 cm, showed deep glands with corresponding mucous cells surrounding by thin lamina propria. It was concluded that the histomorphometric values of muscular layer and total abomasum wall were increased for all groups except for groups 4 and 5 which there was a decline of values, without presenting a significant difference and there was no continuous pattern of growth for other components of abomasum wall. | Para esta pesquisa, amostras de abomaso de fetos da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) foram divididos em cinco grupos: 1º – fetos com 9 a 15 semanas (8 a 21cm) de gestação, 2º – fetos com 16 a 22 semanas (23 a 37 cm), 3º – fetos com 23 a 29 semanas (40 a 58 cm), 4º – fetos com 30 a 36 semanas (61 a 77 cm) e 5º – fetos com 37 a 43 semanas (79 a 88 cm). Os cortes histológicos foram corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina, picrossirius e Tricrômico de Mallory e examinados ao microscópio de luz. No feto de 11 cm, observaram-se pregas mucosas largas, vilosidades revestidas por epitélio simples cilíndrico, lâmina própria, tela submucosa, túnica muscular com estratos interno e externo e serosa. Aos 13,5 cm, as vilosidades eram evidentes com formação da lâmina muscular da mucosa. Aos 16,5 cm, houve aumento em número e tamanho das glândulas mucosas. No feto de 26 cm, observou-se aumento das túnicas e ramificações das glândulas. Aos 29 cm, observou-se aumento no tamanho das pregas. Com 37 cm, houve aumento do epitélio glandular, lâmina muscular da mucosa e túnica muscular. Com 42 cm, as glândulas eram profundas com células mucosas e lâmina própria delgada. Concluiu-se que as os valores histomorfométricos da túnica muscular e parede total do abomaso foram crescentes para todos os grupos, com exceção dos grupos 4 e 5 para os quais houve queda dos valores, sem diferença significante e não houve crescimento contínuo para os demais constituintes da parede do abomaso.

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morfologia abomaso ruminantes fetos

Universidade de São Paulo - Brazil

Antifungal effect of chemical agents in yeasts with pathogenic potential isolated from veterinary hospital environment | Efeito antifúngico de agentes químicos sobre leveduras com potencial patogênico isoladas de ambiente hospitalar veterinário

2014

Hospital environments can have pathogens and opportunistic pathogens, important for immunocompromising individuals. The process of cleaning and disinfection constitutes an important measure for the control of these diseases. This study evaluated the sensitivity of yeasts isolated from surfaces of nosocomial veterinary environment to four disinfectants/antiseptics used in the routine of disinfection. The test of broth microdilution was carried in 24 isolates of yeasts against 4% sodium hypochlorite, 2% benzalkonium chloride, 6.6% chlorexidine-cetrimide and 3% chloro-phenol derivate. Chlorexidine-cetrimide, benzalkonium chloride and chloro-phenol derivate were efficient in all isolates with minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal fungicide concentration lower than the concentration recommended by manufacturer. By other hand, fungicide action of the sodium hypochlorite in the concentration recommended by the manufacturer was verified in 79.1% of the isolated tested, with the lower performance of than the others evaluated disinfectants. | Os ambientes hospitalares podem albergar micro-organismos patogênicos e oportunistas, capazes de infectar, particularmente, os indivíduos imunossuprimidos. O processo de limpeza e desinfecção assume importância capital para o controle de tais doenças. O presente trabalho avaliou a suscetibilidade de leveduras isoladas de superfícies de ambiente hospitalar veterinário frente a quatro desinfetantes/antissépticos comumente utilizados na rotina de desinfecção. O teste de microdiluição em caldo foi realizado com 24 isolados leveduriformes frente ao hipoclorito de sódio 4%, cloreto de benzalcônico 2%, clorexidina-cetrimida 6,6% e derivado de cloro-fenol 3%. A clorexidina-cetrimida, cloreto de benzalcônio e derivado de cloro-fenol foram eficazes em todos os isolados com concentração inibitória mínima e concentração fungicida inferiores à concentração recomendada pelo fabricante. Por outro lado, a ação fungicida do hipoclorito de sódio em 79,1% dos isolados testados foi obtida na concentração recomendada pelo fabricante, com desempenho inferior aos demais desinfetantes avaliados.

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sensibilidade antissépticos leveduras desinfetantes

Universidade de São Paulo - Brazil

Correlations between testicular hemodynamic and sperm characteristics in rams | Correlações entre a hemodinâmica testicular e as características espermáticas em carneiros

2014

The testicular artery is responsible for the blood supply that reaches the testis and has great importance in heat radiation. Vascular changes in the testis may lead to damage in sperm production, reflected in sperm motility and morphology. The aim of the present study was to evaluate correlations between testicular vascularity and sperm characteristic. Eight adult Santa Ines rams showing different reproductive status were used. The testicular vascularity and sperm characteristics were evaluated fortnightly during 90 days. Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to evaluate the testicular hemodynamic. Resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the testicular artery were evaluated by spectral-Doppler mode. The color-Doppler mode was used to evaluate the blood flow of the pampiniform plexus and testicular parenchyma. The semen analyses assessed were volume, concentration, motility, and morphology. The data were submitted to Pearson´s linear correlations test (p < 0.05 was considered significant). No correlations were found between motility and testicular hemodynamic. The percentage of total sperm defects was positively correlated to left and right parenchymal score and to left RI and PI. On the other hand, the pampiniform plexus score was positively correlated to the number of colored pixels and negatively correlated to the RI and PI, for both sides. This study showed that the increase of sperm defect can be related to increase of testicular blood flow; however, more studies are need. | A artéria testicular é responsável pelo fluxo de sangue que chega aos testículos e tem grande importância na termorregulação. Mudanças vasculares nos testículos podem levar à queda da produção espermática, refletindo na motilidade e morfologia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as correlações entre a vascularização testicular e as características espermáticas. Foram utilizados oito carneiros adultos Santa Inês com diferentes status reprodutivos. A vascularização testicular e as características seminais foram avaliadas por um período de 90 dias. A ultrassonografia Doppler colorida foi utilizada para avaliar a hemodinâmica testicular. Foram calculados os índices de resistência (RI) e os índices de pulsatilidade (PI) com o modo espectral do Doppler. O modo colorido do Doppler foi utilizado para analisar o fluxo sanguíneo do plexo pampiniforme e do parênquima testicular. As características seminais avaliadas foram o volume, concentração, motilidade e morfologia. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de correlação linear de Person (P < 0.05 foi considerado significativo). Não foram encontradas relações entre motilidade e a hemodinâmica testicular. A porcentagem de defeitos totais correlacionou-se positivamente com o escore de vascularização dos parênquimas direito e esquerdo, e com o RI e PI esquerdos. Também o escore de vascularização dos plexos se correlacionou positivamente com a média de pixels e negativamente com o RI e PI, de ambos os lados. Este trabalho mostrou que o aumento de defeitos espermáticos pode estar correlacionado com o aumento do fluxo sanguíneo nos testículos; contudo, mais estudos são necessários.

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fluxo sanguíneo ovino testículo doppler espermatozoide

Universidade de São Paulo - Brazil

Utilização do choque osmótico na avaliação da viabilidade de sêmen criopreservado de ovinos | Utilization of the osmotic shock to assess the frozen ram semen viability

2014

This study evaluated the use of hipoosmotic swelling test (HOST) with deionized water (0 mOsmol), as a method of post thaw ram semen evaluation and correlate their findings with different techniques of semen evaluation. Therefore, twenty semen samples of 20 different adult rams were assessed as for kinetic sperm parameters through computerized system (IVOS 12, Hamiton Thorn Biosciences, Beverly, MA, EUA) and subjective analysis. The sperm membranes viability was carried out by the association of fluorescent probes (propidium iodide, JC-1 and FITC-PSA). The structural integrity of the plasma membrane was also studied through supravital test with eosin and the functional integrity of membrane evaluated by doing the hipoosmotic swelling test with deionized water (0 mOsmol), in the following proportions: One part of semen for 10 (HOST 10), 50 (HOST 50) and 100 (HOST 100) parts of water. After semen dilution in the different proportions it was fixed in formalin-buffered saline and analyzed with regard to percentage of HOST reactive sperm (bent/coiled). The percentage of reaction obtained for HOST 10 (33,1%); HOST 50 (32,8%) and HOST 100 (31,8%) did not differ significantly. HOST 10 presented positive correlation with the plasma membrane integrity by the EOS (r = 0,80; p < 0,05). Positive correlations between HOST 50 and HOST 100 with sperm subpopulation with membrane integrity by fluorescence were observed (r = 0,83 and r = 0,85; p < 0,01). The findings suggest that the HOST with deionized water can provide additional information for post thawing ram sperm viability evaluation. | O presente trabalho analisou o emprego do choque osmótico (HOST) com o uso da água deionizada (0 mOsmol), como método de avaliação do sêmen ovino descongelado e correlacionou os resultado obtidos com aqueles encontrados em diferentes técnicas de avaliação de sêmen. Para tanto, vinte amostras de sêmen criopreservado (20 reprodutores), foram avaliadas quanto aos parâmetros de cinética espermática pelo sistema computadorizado (IVOS 12, Hamilton Thorne Biosciences, Beverly, MA, EUA) e análise subjetiva. A análise da viabilidade das membranas espermáticas foi efetuada com a associação de sondas fluorescentes (PI, JC-1 e FITC-PSA). A integridade estrutural da membrana plasmática foi estudada com o teste supravital com eosina (EOS) e, por fim, a integridade funcional da membrana foi avaliada pelo choque osmótico, com a utilização da água deionizada nas seguintes proporções: uma parte de sêmen para 10 (HOST 10), 50 (HOST 50) e para 100 (HOST 100) partes de água. Após a diluição do sêmen, nas diferentes proporções, as amostras foram analisadas quanto ao percentual de espermatozoides reativos ao HOST. Os valores de positividade obtidos para o HOST 10 (33,1%), HOST 50 (32,8%) e HOST 100 (31,8%) não diferiram significativamente. O HOST 10 apresentou importante correlação positiva com a integridade da membrana plasmática pela EOS (r = 0,8; p < 0,05). Os HOST 50 e 100 demonstraram correlações positivas com subpopulações espermáticas com membrana plasmática íntegra pela fluorescência (r = 0,83 e r = 0,85; p < 0,01). Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o HOST com água deionizada pode fornecer informações complementares para a avaliação da viabilidade do sêmen ovino pós-descongelação.

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choque osmótico ovino água deionizada sêmen criopreservado

Universidade de São Paulo - Brazil

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