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Effects of isoflurane on somatosensory-evoked potentials in calves: A pilot study
2015
Truchetti, Geoffrey | Burns, Patrick | Nichols, Sylvain | Parent, Joane
Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) are used to monitor sensory function and are often recorded under general anesthesia. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of isoflurane on SSEPs in calves as it has not been reported. Eight calves (mean age: 40 days), were included in the study. Calves were anesthetized with a randomized sequence of four different isoflurane partial pressures. Blood gas analysis was performed before each measurement. SSEP were induced by repeated stimulation of the common dorsal digital nerve III. SSEPs were recorded from the lumbo-sacral junction (s-SSEP) and the head (c-SSEP). Latency and inter-amplitude of each peak were measured. For s-SSEP: One negative (Nsp1) and two positive (Psp1 and Psp2) peaks were identified in all tracings except for two calves. There was a significant effect of isoflurane on the latency of Psp2 (P = 0.01). Inter-amplitude decreased significantly with PaO2, PaCO2 and temperature (P < 0.05). Psp2 latency decreased with PaO2 (P = 0.01). For c-SSEP: two positive (Pc1 and Pc2) and two negative (Nc1 and Nc2) peaks were identified. There were identifiable peaks for the analysis of Pc1 latencies only. There was a significant positive linear relation between end-tidal isoflurane partial pressure (ETiso) and Pc1 latency (P = 0.04). None of the co-variables had a significant effect on the latency of Pc1 (P > 0.1). Isoflurane has a major impact on the recording of c-SSEP. Recording should be done at the lowest ETiso as possible, and anesthesia parameters should be kept constant.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Flow cytometric evaluation of disseminated intravascular coagulation in a canine endotoxemia model
2015
Yu, Dohyeon | Noh, Dongho | Park, Jinho
Sepsis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in dogs. Alterations in hemostasis by systemic inflammation play an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. To evaluate the functional hemostatic changes in sepsis, we evaluated coagulation profiles and flow cytometric measurement of P-selectin (CD62P) expression on platelets, as well as platelet-leukocyte aggregation from a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia model in dogs (n = 7). A sublethal dose of LPS [1 mg/kg body weight (BW)] induced thrombocytopenia and increased activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and D-dimer concentrations. Flow cytometry analysis showed a significant increase in P-selectin expression on platelets between 1 and 24 h of a total 48 h of the experiment. In addition, platelet-leukocyte aggregation was significantly increased in the early stage of endotoxemia (at 1 and <6 h for platelet-monocyte aggregation and at 3 h for platelet-neutrophil aggregation). Our results suggest that CD62P expression on platelets and platelet-leukocyte aggregation, as measured by flow cytometry, can be useful biomarkers of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in canine sepsis. These functional changes contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of hemostasis in endotoxemia.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Congenital systemic melanosis in a black mongrel pig
2015
Jeong, Y.J., Division of Animal Disease Diagnosis, Department of Animal Disease Control and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Jung, J.Y., Division of Animal Disease Diagnosis, Department of Animal Disease Control and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Her, J.W., Division of Animal Disease Diagnosis, Department of Animal Disease Control and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Baek, K.H., Division of Animal Disease Diagnosis, Department of Animal Disease Control and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Lee, J.H., Division of Animal Disease Diagnosis, Department of Animal Disease Control and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Lee, M.H., Division of Animal Disease Diagnosis, Department of Animal Disease Control and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Yoon, S.S., Division of Animal Disease Diagnosis, Department of Animal Disease Control and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea
Four 3-day-old piglets with retarded growth were submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency for diagnosis. Necropsy showed that one piglet had black spots ranging from 2 mm to 1 cm in diameter in the cerebellum, lungs, regional lymph nodes, and cecum. Histological findings were consistent with the gross appearance in which melanin pigmentation was observed in the organs mentioned above. Based on Fontana-Masson staining, we diagnosed this animal with systemic melanosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of systemic melanosis in black breeds of swine in Korea.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Cervical lung lobe herniation in a Pekingese dog
2015
Choi, R., Section of Small Animal Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea | Suh, S.I., Section of Small Animal Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea | Hyun, C., Section of Small Animal Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
An 8-year-old intact male Pekingese (weighing 13 kg) was presented for evaluation of chronic coughing. Thoracic radiography found a redundant tissue swelling (protruded on expiration and collapsed on inspiration) on the ventral neck just cranial to the thoracic inlet. Fluoroscopy also identified that the cranial portion of the right/left cranial lung lobe was seen to protrude through the thoracic inlet into the ventral neck on expiration. On the echocardiogram, there were no abnormal jets in all cardiac valves and no dilation in all cardiac chambers. Based on diagnostic imaging studies, the case was diagnosed as cervical lung lobe herniation.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Isolation and identification of canine parvovirus type 2b in Korean dogs
2015
Yang, D.K., Viral disease division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Kang, K.S., Viral disease division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Jo, H.Y., Viral disease division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Kim, H.H., Viral disease division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Choi, S.S., Viral disease division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Song, J.Y., Viral disease division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a major diarrhea-causing agent in puppies. Since CPV type 2 (CPV-2) emerged in 1978, new antigenic variants including CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c have been identified in many countries. Two puppies died suddenly at a veterinary clinic in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. Two viruses were isolated in A72 cells, confirmed as CPV strains based on a CPV rapid kit and an indirect fluorescence test and designated QIACP1403 and QIACP1404. The nucleotide sequences of complete VP2 genes of QIACP1403 and QIACP1404 were determined, and the corresponding amino acid sequences were deduced. Molecular analyses revealed that the QIACP1403 and QIACP1404 isolates were type CPV-2b. Several mutated amino acids were detected on VP2 gene residues of the two isolates. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the two isolates were most closely related to strain CPV-BM11, which was isolated from Chinese dogs in 2011. Our results suggest that these isolates may be a candidate for a vaccine to prevent CPV infection in dogs after conducting passages of the isolates in an in vitro culture system.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Expression analysis of ciliary rootlet coiled coil protein mRNA during Xenopus development
2015
Rahman, Md. M., College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Kim, I.S., College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Ahn, D.C., College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Cho, H.S., College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Kim, W.I., College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Kim, B., College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Shin, G.W., College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Kwon, J.K., College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Akanda, Md. R., College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Park, B.Y., College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
Ciliary rootlet coiled coil protein (CROCC), the structural component that originates from the basal body at the proximal end of the ciliary rootlet, plays a crucial role in maintaining the cellular integrity of ciliated cells. In the current study, we cloned Xenopus CROCC and performed the expression analysis. The amino acid sequence of Xenopus laevis was related to those of Drosophila, cow, goat, horse, chicken, mouse and human. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that CROCC mRNA encoding a coiled coil protein was present maternally, as well as throughout early development. In situ hybridization indicated that CROCC mRNA occurred in the animal pole of embryo during gastrulation and subsequently in the presumptive neuroectoderm at the end of gastrulation. At tailbud stages, CROCC mRNA expression was localized in the anterior roof plate of the developing brain, pharyngeal epithelium connected to gills, esophagus, olfactory placode, intestine and nephrostomes of the pronephric kidney. Our study suggests that CROCC may be responsible for control of the development of various ciliated organs.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Anti-inflammatory effects of 4 ,4 -diaminodiphenyl sulfone (dapsone) in lipopolysaccharidetreated spleen cells: selective inhibition of inflammation-related cytokines
2015
Moon, S.Y., Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Joo, H.G., Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
4 , 4 - diaminodiphenyl sulfone (dapsone) is a sulfone drug that has antibacterial effects on a variety of bacteria, especially Mycobacterium leprae ; thus, it has been used to treat leprosy. Previous studies demonstrated that dapsone inhibits integrin-mediated adherence of neutrophils and production of prostaglandin E2 by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Hence, dapsone may act in immune cells and regulate cell-mediated inflammation processes. However, its antiinflammatory effects remain unclear. The present study demonstrated that dapsone modulates the production of inflammation-related cytokines in immune cells. We employed the spleen cells of mice, which are major immune cells, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a causative agent of inflammation for experiments. Dapsone induced a proportional change in splenocyte subsets and the apoptosis of spleen cells. Interestingly, dapsone decreased the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin (IL)-10, but not IL-6, in LPS-treated spleen cells. In other assays, we measured the dapsone-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of activation markers of spleen cells. Dapsone decreased NO production in LPS-treated spleen cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that dapsone has antiinflammatory effects in immune cells and provide new insight into the potential uses of this agent.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Fecal microbiota analysis of obese dogs with underlying diseases: a pilot study
2015
Park, H.J., College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Lee, S.E., Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Republic of Korea | Kim, H.B., Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea | Kim, J.H., College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Seo, K.W., College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Song, K.H., College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Ten dogs were enrolled in this study: two healthy dogs, two obese dogs without other medical issues and six obese dogs with underlying diseases including pemphigus, chronic active hepatitis, hyperadrenocorticism, narcolepsy, otitis media and heartworm infection. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to explore the gut bacterial diversity revealed that distal gut bacterial communities of samples from patients with pemphigus, otitis media and narcolepsy consisted primarily of Firmicutes, while the major phylum of the distal gut bacterial communities in patients with chronic active hepatitis and hyperadrenocorticism was Fusobacteria. Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum in heartworm infected obese patients.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Effects of alfaxalone on echocardiographic examination in healthy dogs
2015
Kim, Y.W., Section of Small Animal Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea | Kim, T.J., Section of Small Animal Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea | Hyun, C., Section of Small Animal Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
This study evaluated the effects of alfaxalone (3 mg/kg, intravenously) on echocardiographic examination in healthy dogs using echocardiography. Six adult Beagle dogs were used for this study. Left ventricular dimensions with systolic indexes, trans - blood flow at all cardiac valvular annulus and trans - mitral tissue Doppler values were measured from routine transthoracic echocardiography. Although the changes were not statistically significant, heart rate, left ventricular end - systolic diameter, left ventricular end - diastolic diameter, peak velocities of tricuspid A - wave and transpulmonic flow were increased after alfaxalone induction, while systolic blood pressure, fractional shortening, left ventricular ejection fraction, peak velocities of mitral E - wave, mitral A wave, tricuspid E - wave, transaortic flow and medial e - , a - and s - peaks decreased after alfaxalone induction. No dogs showed hypoxemia during sedation, regardless of intubation and oxygen supply. Although alfaxalone showed mild cardiovascular depression, this protocol could be a good alternative sedative protocol for echocardiographic examination in healthy dogs because the cardiovascular depression was statistically and clinically insignificant. However, further studies in dogs with heart diseases should be conducted to confirm these findings after alfaxalone induction.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Anti-thrombotic activity of fermented rice bran extract with several oriental plants in vitro and in vivo
2015
Jeon, B.R., Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea | Ji, H.D., Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea | Kim, S.J., Department of Clinical Pathology, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Republic of Korea | Lee, C.H., Enzyme LAPA Co., Cheonan, Republic of Korea | Kim, T.W., Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea | Rhee, M.H., Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
Although the effects of the rice bran have recently been investigated, there is no information regarding platelet physiology available. However, it is well known that fermented natural plants have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate whether fermented rice bran extract (FRBE) with several plants (Artemisia princeps, Angelica Gigantis Radix, Cnidium officinale, and Camellia sinensis) affected agonist - induced platelet aggregation, and if so, what the underlying mechanism of its activity was. We performed several experiments, including in vitro platelet aggregation, intracellular calcium concentration and adenosine triphosphate release. In addition, the activation of integrin alpha IIb beta3 was determined using fibrinogen binding. Thrombus formation was also evaluated in vivo using an arterio-venous shunt model. The FRBE inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation in a concentrationdependent manner. FRBE significantly and dose dependently attenuated thrombus formation using rat arterio-venous shunt. FRBE suppressed the intracellular calcium mobilization in collagen-stimulated platelets. We also found that FRBE inhibited extracellular stimuli-responsive kinase 1/2, p38-mitogen - activated protein kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. These results suggested that FRBE inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, which was mediated by modulation of downstream signaling molecules. In conclusion, FRBE could be developed as a functional food against aberrant platelet activation-related cardiovascular diseases.
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