The aim of this study was to draw attention to the clinical course of the disease and some laboratory findings in cats diagnosed with Toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasma gondii seropositive 14 cats were used in this study. A serological evaluation was carried out to determine the presence of Toxoplasma gondii specific IgG using commercial diagnostic kits, by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Hematological and clinical changes of those cats were recorded.Of 14 cats, neural symptoms such as behavioral changes, seizures, ataxia and nystagmus were detected in 11 cats, uveitis in 5 cats and diarrhea in 4 cats. Serum urea, creatinine and bilirubin levels were normal in all cats. However, Anemia (decreased Hb, RBC, PCV) in 8 cats (57.1%), monocytosis in 6 cats (42.8%), neutrophilia in 5 cats (35.7%), hypoalbuminemia in 5 cats (35.7%) and increased AST and ALT levels in 3 cats (21.4%) were detected.It was concluded that clinical Toxoplasmosis in cats is characterized by neurological, ocular and gastrointestinal sings and hematological sings such as anemia, monocytosis, neutrophilia and hypoalbuminemia that clinically patient cats should also be evaluated in terms of Toxoplasmosis in cats.

In this study, the effect of vitamin E plus selenium (Se) application on malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), vitamin E, C, A and -carotene were aimed to investigate in exercised horses. For this purpose, 50 healthy Anatolian type local horse breed aged between 3-5 from Altındere Study Farm were used. The animals were divided into two equal groups. While 1st group received nothing, horses in second group were received vitamin E+Se intramuscularly. Then animals in both groups were exercised for 1500 meters. Blood samples were taken handily from all animals before and after exercise. This samples were analyzed for MDA, GSH, vitamin E, C, A and β-caroten spectrophotometrically.MDA and GSH concentration in 1st group were found to increase significantly (p<0.001) after exercise. On the other hand, serum vitamin E, C, A and β-carotene levels did not changed significantly. In the second group, serum vitamin E levels increased significantly (p<0.001) after vitamin E+selenium application. Furthermore, MDA (p<0.05) and GSH (p<0.001) levels increased significantly after exercise in the second group. Vitamin E levels decreased significantly (p<0.01) after exercise. However, vitamin A and C levels did not change significantly. In addition, in the second group, β-carotene levels were also changed significantly (p<0.05) when the values obtained before vitamin E application compared with the values obtained after vitamin E application. When comparison made between groups, while MDA and vitamin E values were statistically important (p<0.05), GSH, vitamin C, A and β-carotene values were not important statisticallyAs a result, acute exercise can increase free-radical production which, the results shows that increase in both MDA and GSH can be shown as the indicator of it. Furthermore, decrease in MDA level in vitamin E applied group the indicator of the rise in antioxidant defense and protective effect of vitamin E.

Infection with Neospora caninum in a dog is described. The predominant clinical findings were proprioception deficit, involuntary and continuous contracture of the pelvic extremity muscles. N. caninum is structurally similar to Toxoplasma gondii, but it is immunologically distinct. Therefore, infections had been misdiagnosed as toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by an immunofluorescence antibody test. The parasite is sensitive to clindamycin and trimethoprim/sulphonamide, however the prognosis is poor especially if the muscle contractures have occurred.

In this study, normal values of important blood parameters in the clinical direction of blood samples of Van cats living in Van and around Van were investigated.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glucose, total cholesterol, total lipid, total protein, total bilirubine, urea, creatinine quantities, α-Amylase, GOT, GPT, γGT, CK, ALP, LDH, α-HBDH, Che, SDH enzyme activities, GOT/GPT, γGT/GOT, CK/GOT, LDH/GOT, HBDH/LDH ratios and serum protein fractions in 10 Van cats; albumin, α-1globulin, α-2 globulin, β-globulin, γ-globulin and albumin / globulin ratio were determined.In order for Van cats that are an important cultural asset and protected rather not to become extinct but to provide them with healthy conditions for living and breeding, we believe that the values we identify will contribute to practice associated with Van cats and generate collective reference values in scientific studies and will help veterinary clinicians.

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease which has worldwide importance and is hard to control and treat. Researchers have not yet developed a protective vaccine for humans in the light of current studies. Various experimental animal models are being used since; i) Leishmania has different species and vectors, ii) there are still many clinical, pathological and immunological issues that have to be investigated, iii) new non-toxic medical recipes to have maximum yield in a short time have to be investigated, iv) protective vaccination have to be developed. Mouse, hamster, dog, rodent, and non-human primates are among these animal models. None of them has the same clinical features, pathogenesis and immunology with the disease in human. However, rodents, dogs, and monkeys, which are the last host of the parasite, are among the most preferred models in recent days. Considering the different clinical forms of the disease, it is best to decide which Leishmania species to work with which animal. This review is intended to guide the researchers in choosing an appropriate animal model for leishmaniasis studies.

This study was carried out in Sids Agricultural Research Station belonging to Animal Production Research Institute in Beni-Suef governorate on a total number of forty apparently healthy ewe lambs with average weight of 28±0.5 kg to clarify the effect of shearing as a stressor on comfort, feeding and social behaviour and blood cortisol level. Ewe lambs were divided into three groups, the first one (n=10) is shorn at spring, the second (n=10) is shorn in autumn and the third (n=20) is kept as a control. Results showed that there was no significant difference in patterns of comfort behaviour between shorn and unshorn ewes except for grooming behaviour which was significantly (p<0.01) increased in shorn than unshorn groups. Blood cortisol level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in ewes shorn in spring and autumn at time of shearing (zero minute) than pre-treatment (-20 minutes) and post-treatment time (3 hours following shearing). So the cortisol measurements is a useful indicator of short-term stresses from handling or husbandry procedures such as shearing.

Thirty apparently healthy lambs with average weight and age of 5.8±0.5 kg and 15±1.6 days respectively were chosen in Sids Agricultural Research Station belonging to Animal Production Research Institute in Beni-Suef governorate to investigate the effect of castration and docking on maintenance behaviour and blood cortisol level during and after such operations. Lambs were classified into castration (n=10), docking (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The results revealed that castration and docking could significantly affect the behaviours of standing idle, recumbency, sleep, suckling and ingestion in lambs. Moreover, blood cortisol level was significantly (p<0.05) increased after operation in castrated and docked lambs as compared to the time before, at operation and 3 hours after operation.

A number of 50 Ardeola ibis ibis birds were found harboring six nematodes species; Tetrameres species, Microtteramere species, Synhimantus invaginatus, Synhimantus equispeculatus, Ascaridia species, Paracamallanus species,and five species of trematodes; Euclinostomum heterostomum, Nephrostomum ramosum, Apharyngostrigea ibis, Apatemon gracilis and Centrocestus armatus. The most common infection by nematodes was (46%) in which highest infection rate Synhimantus invaginatus recorded (30 %) while the trematode infection was (24 %) and Apatemon gracilis was the most prevalent (16 %). Experimental infection of buff backed heron by encysted metacercaria (EMC) and exysted metacercaria (ExMC) of Clinostomum complanatum from freshwater fish Tilapia nilotica, resulted in adult worms formed after 6 days. Where the infection by EMC recorded higher worm burden (14-18 worm) and hatching percent (78%) while the infection by ExMC gave lower worm burden (7-10 worm / bird ) and hatching (48 %). In the present study, it is worthy to mention that buff backed heron act as final host model for Clinostomum complanatum and this will be helpful in further biological and immunological studies for this trematode to decrease its economic losses in fish intermediate host.Fifty random samples of Kareish cheese were collected from different localities in Bani-suef Governorate. All samples were examined chemically for acidity, salt and moisture percent and bacteriologicaly for the presence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella and Shigella species. The obtained results revealed that the mean values of acidity, salt and moisture % were 1.63 ± 0.095,3.55 ± 0.299 and 58.54 ± 0.599 in the examined kareish cheese samples, respectively.Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens were recovered from 16 (32%), 12(24%), 46 (92%), 25 (50 %) and 3 (6%) with a mean value of 4.86x102 ±4.21x10 2, 4.84x 10 5 ± 2.91x10 5, 3.74x10 6±1.55x10 6, 7.08x10 4±2.61x10 4 and 9.5x10 1 ± 7.37x10 1 of the examined samples , respectively. Yersinia enterocolitica could be isolated from 12% of the examined samples. Salmonella and Shigella species could not be detected in any of the examined samples. The isolated Escherichia coli were examined for serological identification, Enterotoxigenicity and the susceptibility of the isolated serovars to various chemotherapeutic agents. The public health significance and economical importance of the isolated organisms and the recommendations to be followed in the processing, handling and storage of such dairy product were discussed