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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOME RISK FACTORS AND PROSTATE CANCER PROGRESSIONIN BASRAH, IRAQ Texte intégral
2020
Rasha A. Al-Badran | Adnan Issa Al-Badran | Majed Azkar | Loma Al-Mansouri
Prostate cancer is a complex disease in which both genetic and environmental influencesled to the development and growth of tumors. at the recent time, is considered the second mostcommon malignancy after lung cancer in men and the sixth leading cause of cancer – relateddeath worldwide.Sixty-seven blood samples of prostate cancer patients collected from Basrahoncology and Hematology center aging between (45-90). On the other hand, seventy bloodsamples of men without cancer were collected as control group aging between (45-90). Two mlof peripheral blood were drawn by sterilized syringe from the two groups than kept in the EDTAtube for DNA extraction for molecular study (not included). Both study groups have answeredquestions about personal information such as age, address, cigarette smoking, occupation, andfamily history.The present study found evidence that the aging was a significant risk factor fordeveloping prostate cancer, as well as family history increased the risk of disease abouteighteenfold (OR=18.8).Type of work people do related to the development of prostate cancer,free business increase the risk about eightfold (OR=8.18), and military increase the risk for fold(OR=4.09) while men deal with chemical material increase the risk about threefold (OR=2.5).In our study, the place of living was divided into three regions (South, North, and the center ofBasra) the risk of disease increases about threefold for both South and North of Basra comparewith the Centre of Basra. Cigarette smoking also increases the risk of twofold compare with nonsmokers
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]BACTERIAL BOVINE MASTITIS IN IRAQ: A REVIEW Texte intégral
2020
Sumaya, Y.A. Al-Dabbagh | Ebtehal N. Mahmmoud | Aamer Y.H. Al-Chalaby
Bacterial mastitis is one of the most important diseases in high-production dairy cowswhich causing high economic losses however it effect on the dairy industry, resulting in thedecline Dairy industry and quality, furthermore the cost of treatment. The annual losses dueto mastitis are approximately 184 U.S $ for each animal. Usually during milking, infectiousmicroorganisms are the major source of infection between healthy and infected udderquarters. Environmental pathogens are found in the enclosing area of the cow, such as thebedding of housing cows, soil and the waste product of the animals which containStreptococcal strains other than S. agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcusfaecium and coliforms. Bacteria which involved in the udder inflammation process showhigh resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this review article was to establish the bacterialcauses of clinical and subclinical mastitis in Iraq, and recognize its sensitivity to antibiotics,then find proper solutions for the treatment and control of mastitis.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]ACUTE BUFFALO MASTITIS CAUSE BY MIXED INFECTION OF Enterobacter cloacae AND Proteus mirabilis AT BASRAH, IRAQ Texte intégral
2020
Mohanad H. Lafta
Mastitis caused by Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter cloacae has been investigatedand diagnosed. Milk samples carried-out from fifteen local buffalo breeds reared in Basrah, Iraq.Ten clinically healthy local buffalo breeds were considered and controls. Diseased buffalo showsigns of pain, swelling, redness of the udder, watery consistency with the light red color of themilk, with high systemic reactions including significant increase (p<0.05) in body temperature,respiratory and heart rate. Furthermore, a significant (p<0.05) reduction of ruminal contractionsalso resulted. Hematological changes of diseased buffalo and the controls, reveals Leucocytosisdue to a significant increase of Nurtrophiles. All diseased animals are clinically examined andthe results reveals that Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter cloacae are the common causes ofmastitis which confirmed by VITEK 2 System. The gram stain from the milk smears show aclear Gram-negative rods, Moreover, swarm forming and pale colony character was alsoindicated of the swab culture of the causative Proteus mirabilis. It has been concluded that acutebuffalo mastitis could be of adverse effect, Nevertheless, the knowledge of the causative agentsof mastitis are very useful for the fast treatment of the disease.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]EFFECTS OF ADDING SALTOSE AS PROBIOTIC TO BROILER DIETS ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN THE COMMERCIAL BREEDING CIRCUMSTANCES Texte intégral
2020
Abdulgabar Al Chekh Suliman
Saltose is one of the biological feed additives used for controlling coccidia and clostridia inthe broiler, this study was aimed to evaluate its use on productivity and profitability in commercialcircumstances.A total of 60 thousand one day old Ross 308 chicks, were divided randomly intotwo groups, each consisting of 6 replicates distributed in 3 Commercial Closed chicken Housesthat belonged to medium size company in Saudi Arabia. Each replicate contains 5,000 bird andeach house contains 4 replicants, 2 replicants of them for each group. In group A, the chicks werefed on a commercial control diet, group B was fed on the same diet enriched with 0.5 gm Saltose/kg feed with two stages. Data were collected weekly during the experimental period for 35 days;broiler performance (feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)),mortality rate, organs weight, dressing and feed cost per kilogram weight gain were estimated.Theresults showed that supplementation of Saltose to broiler diets caused a numerical improvement(P>0.05) in the mortality, broiler performance, organs weight and dressing through 1-21 day and22-35 day, but these improvement effects reached to significant degree (P<0.05) only with bodyweight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), Furthermore adding "Saltose" caused Lowerfeed cost per kilogram weight gain than Control group by 7.25%. It was concluded that the use of"saltose" as feed additives in commercial broiler diets has productive and economic benefits infield circumstances.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]ADENOVIRUS TYPE 5 REACTIVATION IN T- LYMPHOBLAST HUMAN CELL AFTER ETOPOSIDE TREATMENT Texte intégral
2020
Zeenah Weheed Atwan
Adenoviruses cause different types of human infections including, respiratory,conjunctivitis and gastrointestinal tract infection. Despite it causes infections in bothimmunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, it represents a real threat forthe latter group which makes it necessary to detect the infection, reasons underlyingreactivation and hence the appropriate treatment. The antineoplastic therapies such asetoposide could be a compromising agent that facilitates the spread of opportunisticinfections such as adenovirus. The study aimed to assess adenovirus copy number/cellbefore and after etoposide treatment. The results showed that the etoposide treatmentupregulated the replication of the virus to more than 2 fold as compared to theuntreated samples. The results revealed that the etoposide has the ability to reactivatethe virus when it starts to be latent.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]STUDY THE IMPACT OF MONENSIN ,VITAMIN E AND DATE PALM SEEDS EXTRACT ON CERTAIN ARABI RAMS SPERM PARAMETERS Texte intégral
2020
Khairi,G. Alrikabi | Kareem.H. Muhanna | Ziad ,G. kushan
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of monensin, vitamin E and dates palmseeds extract(DPSE) on some parameters of Arabi rams sperm .Twenty rams wereused in this study, randomly distributed in 4 groups, each group contains 5 animals.which treated daily as the following : control (without addition), T1(50 ml of(DPSE)/head), T2 (50 mg vit E / head ) and T3 (200 mg monensin /head).Theexperiment continued for two months. Semen collected weekly by artificial vagina.After collecting the semen the sperm parameters were evaluated in addition tomeasurement the testosterone level and some antioxidative enzymes and oxidativemarker(MDA). The results showed that T1 and T2 exhibited enhancement in semenvolume,sperm concentration, individual motility and testosterone levelswhile MDA levels are reduced and elevation of GPx and SOD as compared to controland T3. It was concluded that DPSE and vit E have advanced effect on spermparameters of Arabi rams.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]THE IMPACT THERMAL STRESS ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL, ENDOCRINE PROFILES AND HSP IN LOCAL MALE CALVES Texte intégral
2020
Jinan A. Hilal | Muna H. AL-Saeed
This study was conducted in the field cattle in Al-Qurna, north of BasraGovernorate, in the period between July 2018 to February 2019 and included thefollowing seasons, the monthly summer season(July and August of 2018), themonthly autumn season (October and November of 2018) and the winter season ismonthly (January and February of 2019) .This experiment was designed to reveal theeffect of the THI value on some physiological and hormonal values on the local maleHolstein. The studied group include 20 calves and with age between (one year to oneyear and eight months), twenty blood samples were collected per month from maleHolstein calves subjected to a different value of temperature and humidity in differentmonths and seasons.The results of the first experiment showed: A significant(P≤0.05)increase in the values of THI, respiratory rate, and heart rate, where asignificant(P≤0.05) increase was noted in months and the summer season except forthe rectal temperature, which showed no significant difference (P˃0.05) amongdifferent seasons. The antioxidants CAT, MDA, SOD, and GPX also showed asignificant increase (P≤0.05) during the summer months and seasons compared to theautumn and winter months and seasons. Also significant increase (P≤0.05) in cortisoland HSP70 during the summer and season months.The levels of testosterone andthyroid hormone (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) decreased significantly (P≤0.05)during summer and season compared to other months and seasons, but the level ofinsulin in the blood showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) during the summer seasonthan the other seasons.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PULMONARY LESIONS IN THE LUNGS OF WATER BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis) IN THE ABATTOIR OF BASRAH PROVINCE IN SOUTHERN IRAQI Texte intégral
2020
Tahssin S. Chayed | Methaq A. Abd Alsamad
Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is one of the important animals in Iraq becauseof its great economic value and historical symbolism, which reflects the history and thecivilisation epoch of Mesopotamia. This study has focused on the macroscopic lesionsthat appear on the lungs of the water buffaloes with also an examination of thesespecimens microscopically, which reflect the extent of pulmonary disease among theseanimals, which form significant economic losses. This study was conducted in theabattoir of Basrah province, south of Iraq, from October 2019 until February 2020.Samples of 120 affected lungs (23.21%) of different macroscopic lesions were obtainedof the total 517 water buffaloes. The microscopic lesions were divided into the following:bronchopneumonia 29 cases (24.17%) (Suppurative bronchopneumonias 14 cases(48.28% out of 29) and fibrinous bronchopneumonias 15 cases (51.72%). The interstitialpneumonia was 33 cases (27.5%)(Acute Interstitial pneumonia 21 cases (63.64% out of33) and chronic interstitial pneumonia was 12 cases (36.36%), granulomatous pneumonia5 cases (4.17%), emphysema 18 cases (15%), atelectasis 7 cases (5.83%), oedema cases 5(4.17%), congestion 6 cases (5%), haemorrhage 11 cases (9.16%), pneumoconiosis(anthracosis) 6 cases (5%). Pneumonia in water buffalo is the most challenging conditionto treat after it has worsened. Hence, regular veterinary examination and testing is anessential step in managing the disease as it has become unreactive to therapies in the laterstage.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Genetic diversity of Ehrlichia ruminantium field strains from selected farms in South Africa Texte intégral
2020
Helena C. Steyn | Alri Pretorius
Genetic diversity of Ehrlichia ruminantium field strains from selected farms in South Africa Texte intégral
2020
Helena C. Steyn | Alri Pretorius
Heartwater is a tick-borne disease caused by the intracellular rickettsial parasite Ehrlichia ruminantium and transmitted by Amblyomma hebraeum ticks. Heartwater is problematic in endemic areas because it causes high mortality in ruminants and leads to economic losses that threaten productivity and food security. This may indicate that there is augmented genetic diversity in the field, which may result in isolates that are more virulent than the Ball3 and Welgevonden isolates. The genetic diversity of E. ruminantium was investigated in this study, focussing on the pCS20 gene region and four polymorphic open reading frames (ORFs) identified by subtractive hybridisation. The 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene confirmed E. ruminantium in brain, blood and tick genomic deoxyribonucleic acid samples (n = 3792) collected from 122 farms that were randomly selected from seven provinces of South Africa where heartwater is endemic. The conserved E. ruminantium pCS20 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was used to scan all collected field samples. A total of 433 samples tested positive with the qPCR using the pCS20 gene region, of which 167 were sequenced. The known stocks and field samples were analysed, and phylogenetic trees were generated from consensus sequences. A total of 25 new clades were identified; of these, nine isolates from infected blood could be propagated in cell cultures. These clades were not geographically confined to a certain area but were distributed amongst heartwater-endemic areas in South Africa. Thus, the knowledge of strain diversity of E. ruminantium is essential for control of heartwater and provides a basis for further vaccine development.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Genetic diversity of Ehrlichia ruminantium field strains from selected farms in South Africa Texte intégral
2020
Steyn, Helena C.(Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Vaccine Development and Diagnostics) | Pretorius, Alri(Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Vaccine Development and Diagnostics)
Heartwater is a tick-borne disease caused by the intracellular rickettsial parasite Ehrlichia ruminantium and transmitted by Amblyomma hebraeum ticks. Heartwater is problematic in endemic areas because it causes high mortality in ruminants and leads to economic losses that threaten productivity and food security. This may indicate that there is augmented genetic diversity in the field, which may result in isolates that are more virulent than the Ball3 and Welgevonden isolates. The genetic diversity of E. ruminantium was investigated in this study, focussing on the pCS20 gene region and four polymorphic open reading frames (ORFs) identified by subtractive hybridisation. The 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene confirmed E. ruminantium in brain, blood and tick genomic deoxyribonucleic acid samples (n = 3792) collected from 122 farms that were randomly selected from seven provinces of South Africa where heartwater is endemic. The conserved E. ruminantium pCS20 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was used to scan all collected field samples. A total of 433 samples tested positive with the qPCR using the pCS20 gene region, of which 167 were sequenced. The known stocks and field samples were analysed, and phylogenetic trees were generated from consensus sequences. A total of 25 new clades were identified; of these, nine isolates from infected blood could be propagated in cell cultures. These clades were not geographically confined to a certain area but were distributed amongst heartwater-endemic areas in South Africa. Thus, the knowledge of strain diversity of E. ruminantium is essential for control of heartwater and provides a basis for further vaccine development.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Challenges for controlling bovine tuberculosis in South Africa Texte intégral
2020
Luke F. Arnot | Anita Michel
Challenges for controlling bovine tuberculosis in South Africa Texte intégral
2020
Luke F. Arnot | Anita Michel
All effects taken together, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has a long-term detrimental effect on bovine herds and many wildlife species in South Africa. The disease is not only found in domestic cattle but also in African buffaloes and has to date been diagnosed in 21 wildlife species, including several rare and endangered species, thus having a potentially serious effect on conservation and biodiversity. In cattle, bTB is mostly characterised by sporadic outbreaks, but bovine herds chronically infected with the clinical disease are not uncommon. Presently, the recognised bTB control strategy in South Africa is based on ‘test and slaughter’, using the intradermal tuberculin test, followed by the slaughter of animals that have tested positive. Affected herds are placed under veterinary quarantine with movement restrictions until the outbreak is eradicated; this can take several years or last indefinitely if the outbreak cannot be eradicated. The same measures apply to infected buffalo populations, often with no prospect of ever being eradicated. This strategy is neither practical nor viable in the context of a communal farming system and becomes unethical when dealing with valuable wildlife reservoir hosts. Transmission of bTB between wildlife and cattle has been demonstrated and emphasises the need for an effective, affordable and culturally acceptable control strategy to curb the spread of bTB in South Africa. In countries with similar challenges, vaccination has been used and found to be promising for treating wild and domestic reservoir species and may hence be of value as a complementary tool for bTB control in South Africa.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Challenges for controlling bovine tuberculosis in South Africa Texte intégral
2020
Arnot, Luke F.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Production Animal Studies,University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | Michel, Anita(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases)
All effects taken together, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has a long-term detrimental effect on bovine herds and many wildlife species in South Africa. The disease is not only found in domestic cattle but also in African buffaloes and has to date been diagnosed in 21 wildlife species, including several rare and endangered species, thus having a potentially serious effect on conservation and biodiversity. In cattle, bTB is mostly characterised by sporadic outbreaks, but bovine herds chronically infected with the clinical disease are not uncommon. Presently, the recognised bTB control strategy in South Africa is based on 'test and slaughter', using the intradermal tuberculin test, followed by the slaughter of animals that have tested positive. Affected herds are placed under veterinary quarantine with movement restrictions until the outbreak is eradicated; this can take several years or last indefinitely if the outbreak cannot be eradicated. The same measures apply to infected buffalo populations, often with no prospect of ever being eradicated. This strategy is neither practical nor viable in the context of a communal farming system and becomes unethical when dealing with valuable wildlife reservoir hosts. Transmission of bTB between wildlife and cattle has been demonstrated and emphasises the need for an effective, affordable and culturally acceptable control strategy to curb the spread of bTB in South Africa. In countries with similar challenges, vaccination has been used and found to be promising for treating wild and domestic reservoir species and may hence be of value as a complementary tool for bTB control in South Africa.
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