Proventriculo-ventricular intussusception is the telescoping of proventricular portion of the avian stomach into the ventriculus. Even though occurrence of intestinal intussusceptions in chickens commonly observed, the reports on proventriculo-ventricular intussusceptions were very scarce. The study was done as a part of screening the gut lesions in the chicken carcasses for a period of one year and 18078 chicken carcasses of multiple age groups belonging to 15 pure line breeds and two commercial breeds were screened. Proventriculoventricular intussusceptions noticed in two female PD2/Vanaraja chicks of 4 days and 3 weeks of age and in a 9 weeks old male Nicobari grower. While the intussuscepted proventriculus of Vanraraja chicks had unremarkable inflammatory lesions, severe congestion of proventriculus along with koilin displacement in the anterior portions of ventriculus were evident in Nicobari grower. The present study, point out the occurrence of proventriculoventricular intussusception in young synthetic and native lines of chicken. 

On post-mortem examination helminthic worms were collected from the intestine of a backyard native chicken in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu during the month of November 2020. These helminths were identified as Ascaridia galli, Raillietina echinobothrida and Heterakis gallinarum. Mixed helminthic infection was confirmed and documented in backyard native chicken in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu. These worms are responsible for severe morbidity and indirect economical losses to the farmers. Periodical deworming will be useful to control the worm load in native desi chickens.

An one and half years old tom cat weighing 5.2 kg was presented at Veterinary Clinical Complex, Navania, with the history of swallowing a sewing-needle along with the thread. Lateral radiograph was taken for confirmatory diagnosis. Diagnosis and a successful surgical retrieval of ingested 3.4 cms long sewing-needle attached with 17 cms long thread was carried out and the animal recovered by a week after surgery without any complications.

A case of dystocia due to Schistosomus reflexus fetal monster in a Jersey crossbred cow and its per vaginal delivery through fetotomy is reported in this communication. A five years old, full term pregnant Jersey crossbred cow in her third parity was presented with the history of straining and difficulty in parturition for the past eight hours. Per vaginal examination revealed fully dilated cervix and the fetus with exposed visceral organs and ankylosed limbs. Based on the obstetrical examination, the case was diagnosed as dystocia due to fetal monster. By performing fetotomy, a Schistosomus reflexus fetal monster was successfully delivered per vaginum.

The challenges faced by India in achieving the food and nutritional security to the fast growing population need a concerted approach for growth of livestock sector. Various forecasting models like combinations of ARIMA models and Exponential Smoothing models like Simple, Holt, Brown and Damped trend were used to identify the growth patterns and to predict the future trends in livestock and poultry production in India. Time series data on milk production from 1950-51 to 2017-18 were used to forecast the milk production in India up to 2050-51. Brown Exponential Smoothing was the best fit model for forecasting of milk production in India. The forecast obtained showed that milk production would increase to 207.57, 311.86, 416.16 and 520.45 MT respectively during 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51 from 121.80 MT during the year 2010-11. ARIMA (0,1,1) was the best fit model for forecasting meat and wool production, the forecasted values of meat production showed that meat production would increase from 1.08 MT in 2000-01 to 5.18, 7.63, 10.07 and 12.52 MT, respectively during 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51. Wool production would increase appreciably over years with a production of 46.26, 52.06, 58.59 and 65.17 million kg, respectively during the years 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51 from 43.00 million kg in 2010-11. The Brown Exponential Smoothing model was the best fit model for forecasting egg production in India. The forecasted values obtained from the best fitted Brown ES was 103341.99, 144374.02, 185406.04 and 222334.86 million numbers during the years 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51, respectively.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) genome consists of 10 segmented double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA). Of these, genome segment 2 (Seg-2), which encodes outer capsid protein VP2 is the primary determinant of virus serotype. In the present study, partial VP2 gene of KRL2/2017 (BTV-16) isolate collected from Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh was amplified to know the evolutionary relationship of this isolate with previously reported Indian and global BTV-16 isolates. Seg-2 sequence data of KRL2/2017, showed >98% nucleotide identity with other Indian isolates. Comparison of this isolate with BTV-16 isolates across the world, showed higher sequence homology to isolates of Japan followed by Greece and China than to those of isolates from South Africa, Italy, UK, Australia and Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis suggest that the isolate of the current study belong to eastern topotype similar to the viruses recovered from Japan, Greece and China reflecting their common eastern origin.

The effect of GnRH pretreatment on superovulatory response (SOR) and embryo yield in crossbred cattle was studied. Six crossbred cows were subjected to three superovulatory treatments: i. Control: Four day FSH schedule was initiated on Day 10 of the cycle ii. Gn-D8: GnRH was administered on Day 6 and FSH schedule was initiated on Day 8 and iii. Gn­D10: GnRH was administered on Day 6 and FSH schedule was initiated on Day 10. In control group, the mean SOR was 13.7 + 5.8 CL. In Gn-D8 group, the SOR is inconsistent (5.0 ± 1.7) with recovery of poor quality embryos, which was attributed to significantly higher progesterone concentration on the day of superovulatory oestrus. In Gn-D10 group, SOR (11.0 ± 1.6) and embryo yield were comparable to the control group. Transferable quality embryos were signcantly higher in Gn-D10 group which could be attributed to the follicular maturation under favourable endocrine environment. Thus, GnRH pretreatment in superovulation protocol ensured consistent SOR and increased yield of transferable quality embryos in crossbred cattle.

The objective of the study is to analyze the alterations in the protein profile of follicular cells in normal cyclic and acyclic anoestrus water buffaloes. Ovaries from sexually mature buffaloes were collected from abattoir and categorized into two groups viz., i. Cyclic and ii. Acyclic. In both the categories of ovaries, the follicular fluid (FF) was aspirated from all large follicles (> 9mm diameter) and small follicles (< 9 mm diameter) separately. FF was centrifuged and four categories of pelleted granulosa cells (CSG and ASG: Granulosa cells of small follicles in cyclic and acyclic groups respectively; CLG and ALG: Granulosa cells of large follicles in cyclic and acyclic groups respectively) were subjected for SDS-PAGE analysis. A total of 30 and 18 bands (from 7.1 to 209.0 kDa) were observed in CSG and CLG categories, while 16 bands in each of the ASG and ALG were recorded. It was observed that 40 per cent of bands present in the CSG group were not observed in CLG group. On the contrary, almost all the proteins found in ASG group were retained in the ALG group. It can be inferred that a group of small molecular weight granulosa cell proteins, correlating to IGF / IGFBP system, play a key role in providing a favorable proteo-genomic environment in the early stages of follicular development. In acyclic animals, retaining of such proteins in the large follicles indicated that the non-availability of metabolic factors needed for final maturation of follicles.

A 2 years old Labrador dog brought with history of ingestion of a newly paper covered packet shaving blade immediately falling from owner's hand during his shaving one day after the incident. There were no clinical signs observed and the dog was normal. Lateral radiography taken showed radio-opaque shaving blade in the stomach area. Solid food was not given after ingestion of shaving blade till surgical intervention and under general anaesthesia shaving blade was removed surgically. The stomach was sutured with vicryl no. 1/0 in continuous lumbert and cushing pattern in double layer. Post-operatively administration of antibiotics, analgesics and regular dressing of wound was done and dog recovered uneventfully.

A study was conducted to assess the quality control practices of both physical and chemical methods of evaluation adopted by feed mills in India while procuring the feed ingredients for preparing poultry feeds. Based on physical methods of evaluation of different feed ingredients, 6.4 % of lots were found to be inferior quality out of 2606 lots tested. The results indicated that the moisture content of grains procured during the period from October to December months was high whereas it was low from April to July. The protein content of soybean meal varied from 45.5 to 47.5% while its solubility varied from 72.1 to 83.2%. The rejection of raw material consignments was 7.85 %. The major reasons for rejection included high moisture, low protein, high level of sand amp; silica, adulteration / contamination with foreign materials. the findings of this study emphasis ther sgnificance of strict quality control measures to be adopted to ensure feed and food safety.