Albizia lebbeckor sirisis a tropical legume and is the most widespread of Albizia genus inthe world. The leaveof Albizia lebbeckhas a low content of tannins and phenoliccompoundsand relatively high content of N and Ca. The aim of this experiment was toinvestigate of feeding of Albizia lebbeck as a replacement for alfalfaon blood parametersofone-humped camel. Four dromedary camels (2 fistulated) about 2 years old and 150-200 kgweight of the Arabi breed were selected. They were fed for about one month with control diet(60% bagasse+40% alfalfa) or diet without Albizia lebbeckand diet containing Albizialebbeck(100 percent of alfalfa) by two periods. In the end of trial, blood samples wereobtained and some metabolites were measured. The results showed that the replacing Albizialebbeck with alfalfa in one-humped camel had not any effect on blood factors. Glucose levelsin control and experimental diet was 112 and 108.25 mg/dl, respectively. Feeding Albizialebbeck during the experimental period, had no significant effect on blood urea nitrogen andtriglyceride. Cholesterol content of control and experimental diets was 25.75 and 26 mg/dl,respectively. According to the results of this study, replacing Albizia lebbeckleaf for alfalfa indiet of one-humped camel did not change blood urea nitrogen, glucose, cholesterol andtriglyceride, therefore it may be used by 100 % alfalfa in one-humped camel diet.

The aim of our study was to investigate effect of FST over-expression by using AAVserotype 2 (AAV 2) vector on ovine primary myoblast (OPM)differentiation andproliferation. Primary myoblast cultures were obtained from 60-day-old sheep fetuses.Western blot confirmed that AAV2 could successfully express FST protein intransduced primary myoblast cells. Southern blot results demonstrated that AAVvectors integrated at apparently random genomic sites and promoted the transgenicmyoblast proliferation and differentiation. The results suggested that the AAV systemcould be used to generate transgenic meat sheep in the future

The study was carried out on 523 local sheep breeds of different ages and of bothsexes represents different herds, reared in different areas of Basrah governorate. Fiftyfour(54) local sheep breeds were show different clinical sings including sings ofphotosensitization, parakeratosis , alopecia, Intense itching ,swelling of ears, anorexiaand decreased milk production and twenty three(23) clinically healthy local sheepbreeds were considered as controls. The study was documented at late summer andearly autumn time / 2015. Complete clinical examinations had been applied to allanimals. Results indicated that diseased sheep show signs of anorexia, salivation,decrease milk production in milking animals, transient diarrhea, hypotricosis speciallyof face with irregular patches of wool looseness, Intense itching of different bodyparts, signs of parakeratosis, swelling and dropping of ears, icteric mucousmembranes specially of eyes, furthermore, on clinical examinations diseased animalsshow rapid abdominal respiration, tachycardia with strong heart beats, decreaseruminal contractions and increase body temperature, moreover hematologicalexaminations show significant decrease in total RBC, Hb and PCV count reflectingMacrocytic hypochromic anemia, moreover total leukocytes count were alsoincreased significantly due to increase lymphocytes and eosinophiles. Dataconcerning biochemical analysis revealed significantly decrease in total protein valuesand zinc, whereas ALT.AST.ALP. Total and direct bilirubine and GGT, weresignificantly increased in diseased sheep compared with controls. Postmortemexamination of dead or slaughtered animals showed enlarged icteric liver and have amarked lobular pattern with yellow white patches of necrotic lesions, However somecases show atrophied and marked fibrosed liver, in addition, histopathologicalexamination of skin raveled hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis with vacuolatedkeratinocytes and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells mainly lymphocytes,  moreover keratinized epidermis of the skin indicated severe parakeratosis with thickkeratin deposition and infiltration of lymphocytes, however liver of dead orslaughtered animals show severe fibrosis of portal region with presence of edematousfluid around bile duct and portal vasculatures were found congested, furthermore,stenosis of bile duct due to hepatic fibrosis was detected with edematous fluids aroundportal region included bile duct .It had been concluded that the results revealed thatthe facial eczema syndrome was hepatogenic, light allergic eczema caused by toxichepatic dysfunctions and hepatonecrosis in grazing sheep in this area

Genetic markers are one of the best methods to evaluate animal genetics potential.FecX, FecB and FecG genes have belonged to TGFβ superfamily. These genes haveadditive effect on litter size and ovulation rate in sheep. The aim of the present study wasdetermination of FecX, FecB and FecGH mutations in Iranian Arabic sheep. In this study100 blood samples were collected of prolific sheep of Arabic breeds. DNA of bloodsamples was extracted by modified salting out method. Site of mutation was amplifiedusing specific primers and PCR products were digested with special restricted enzymesfor FecX, FecB and FecGH mutations. Results have showed no mutations of FecX, FecBand FecGH mutation were detected in Iranian Arabic sheep breed. Therefore, FecX, FecBand FecGH mutations did not cause of prolificacy in this breed and further research isrequired to evaluate the relationship of the fecundity genes with litter size and ovulationrate in this breed.

To determine the type of immune response to oocyst vaccine in broiler against coccidiosis,broilers were vaccinated with two doses of prepared oocyst protein from the local strain ofEmeria tenella parasite. The vaccine was applied on 3rdand 16th day of age subcutaneously ata dose (25 μg per chicken), vaccinated birds were challenged at 30 day of age. Blood sampleswere collected at (7th, 28thand 39th) day of age. The immunogenicity of vaccine was studiedby using SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Fourteen polypeptides had been estimated moreimmunogenic after probing with immunized chicken serum at 39th days of age, theirmolecular weight are (167.8, 114.5, 83.4, 78.2, 73.5, 53.3, 44.1, 38.8, 36.4, 28.2, 20.5, 18,14.9and 13.9) KD. In addition, the levels of ˠ -IFN and IL-4 were estimated in the serum ofimmunized chickens by using ELISA kits. The results demonstrated two types of immunity,cellular and humoral responses against E.tenella oocyst vaccine.

The study carried out in order to investigation the prevalence of gastro -intestinal protozoa in feces of buffaloes in Babylon governorate (Iraq) during the period between November 2014 to May 2015.Atotal of 200 fecal samples of buffaloes ( 50calves , 60 males and 90 females) ,the highest prevalence rate with Eimeria spp. was in calves (36%) ,males (8.3%) females (10%) followed by closed rate with Cryptosporidium spp. which was recorded (16%) in calves , (13.3%) in males, and (4.4%) in females ,the prevalence rate was reported with Giaridia duodenalis in calves (20%) and (11.6% ,8.8%) in males and females respectivly. According to the age and sex , calves and males were showed highly infection rates with protozoa.

The intent of this study were to explain the normal anatomy of Iraqi sheep eye by using the ultrasonography. Ocular ultrasonographic inspection were achieved on 15 young sheep (8-12 months) from local breed. ultrasonographic images were obtained with a 7.5 MHz linear probe in the sagittal plane. The results of this study showed that the Axial Globe Length (AGL) was (20.05 mm), Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD) was (1.85 mm), Vitreous Chamber Depth (VCD) was (9.82 mm), Scleroretinal Rim Thickness (SRT) was (1.07 mm), Lens Thickness (LT) was (8.95 mm) and Corneal Thickness (CT) was (1.14 mm) respectively. The values of the dimensions of the normal eye components which obtained from this study by using ultrasonography give excellent guide to practitioners in the evaluation of ocular diseases in sheep.

The present study was designed to identify Anaplasma spp. in sheep in middle of Iraq, since 632 local sheep breeds were randomly selected from (Baghdad, Babylon, Wasit, Najaf and Karbala) to examine. Results indicated that different Anaplasma spp. were identified: Anaplasma marginale 75 (11.86%) positive cases, Anaplasma centrale 45 (7.12%) positive cases and Anaplasma ovis 19 (3.01%) positive cases; as well as there were many cases of mixed infection distributed as A. marginale and A. centrale 15 (2.37%) cases, A. marginale and A. ovis 9 (1.42%), A. centrale and A. ovis 4 (0.63%) cases and there were 4 (0.63%) cases carried mixed infection with A. marginale , A. centrale and A. ovis. Results were also showed that infected animals show different clinical manifestation such as fever, change in pulse and respiratory rate, loss of appetite, emaciation, change in hematological parameters, further more anemia were of types macrocytic hypochromic which more predominant type followed by microcytic hypochromic and normocytic hypochromic respectively.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of aspirin on the female reproductive organs in albino rats. (21) mature female albino rats (150-170gm) were divided into three groups: 1st group which treated as negative control group, it was drenched only 0.2 ml of PBS.2nd group was drenched with Aspirin(10 mg/Kg of B.W once daily for 14 days).3rd group was drenched with Aspirin (20 mg/Kg B.W once daily for 14 days). Our results showed that 2nd group and 3rd group demonstrated significantly decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the values of plasma LH compared with control group. In values of plasma FSH hormone, the 2nd and 3rd groups showed significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the relation with the control group. On the other hand, the microscopic examination of the histopathological sections of uteri of all the treated and control groups showed that the 2nd group demonstrated mild hyperplasia and degeneration in the epithelial cells which lining the uterus and there is few numbers of uteri glands. Also marked hyperplasia and vacuolation of the epithelial cells which lines the uterus. In 3rd group, the histopathological examination of uteri elucidates profuse proliferation and irregular hyperplasia of smooth muscles in the wall of uterus, there is high infiltration of inflammatory cells and there is congestion of blood vessels. Also there is marked vacuolation of uterine epithelial cells and fewer and smaller uterine glands than the 2nd group and 1st (control) group. In ovaries of 2nd group showed markedly few follicular growth wave characterized by primary, secondary follicles and there is congestion and thrombi in the ovarian stroma. Also presence of large corpus luteum. But the histopathological changes in the ovaries of 3rd group animals showed more severity than 2nd group animals in which there are primary and secondary follicles with severe congestion and hemorrhage, also there is high numbers of corpus luteum. 1st (control) group was showed normal histological feature of uteri and ovaries. We conclude from the present study that different doses of aspirin can cause histopathological effects and hormonal disturbances in FSH and LH hormones.

This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of losartan in 18 female rats which were divided into 3 groups. Respiratory disease were experimentally induced by the intraperitoneal injection and spray inhalation of ovalbumin (OVA) in first and second group while third group left as negative control group. First group were treated with losartan orally at dose rate of 5 mg/kg body weight, on the other hand second group considered as positive control group. ELISA test were used to estimate the concentration of TNF-α, IL-4 in BALF and total IgE in serum samples. Total WBC, neutrophil, eosinophil and lymphocyte were counted in bronchoaleveolar lavage (BAL). First and second rat groups show signs of pulmonary disease. Losartan treated group showed significant (p