Objective, The purpose of this experiment is to study the circadian rhythm of common liver function tests. Materials and Methods, Ten adult sheep (male and female) were divided into two groups, T1 (male) and T2 (fe-male), and placed in two separate rooms. Serum was isolated from T1 and T2 blood samples taken at 7, 12 A.M. and 12 P.M hours, respectively.Results, Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine levels in both groups increased significantly during daylight hours (12:00). The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed a different value in a male that increased significantly at 12 A.M. but in a fe-male that was elevated at 7 A.M. as compared with other times. Serum urea concentra-tion during the night hours was expressed at a high level in both males and females as compared to the concentration during the day hours. In addition, the results show differences in variation between males and females. There is a significant increase in ALT, urea and creatinine in females (T2) as compared with males (T1) during the day and night hours. Furthermore, at 12 A.M. and 12 P.M., males had significantly higher AST levels than females Conclusion, liver functions cause variations between day and night hours as well as between males and females because of metabolism and activities. Comprehensive study is required to reduce and overlap this stress.

The current study was designed to isolation and identification of Escherichia coli from chicken droppings and explore the presence of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in chickens in Basrah province, the period extending from 18 October 2023 to 13 January 2024. Of 204 samples, 102 were from backyard chickens, 48 were from poultry fields, and 54 were from chicken shops, 109 (53.4%) were found to be positive for E. coli using conventional microbiological techniques. The PCR was used to confirm the isolates targeting the uidA gene of E. coli. The results of this technique indicated that 84 (77%) of them were Escherichia coli found in the examined samples. All isolates were undergone a polymerase chain reaction to detect Shiga-toxins genes (stx1, stx2). Neither stx1 nor stx2 were detected in any of the examined E. Coli strains.These results indicated that the E. coli isolates from chicken were negative for Shiga toxin (stx1, stx2) genes.

Serratia marcescens is known for its high production of prodigiosin, a pigment that serves as a virulence factor and possesses beneficial biological, antibacterial, antifungal, and antimalarial characteristics. Another virulence factor of Serratia marcescens is the ability to produce biofilms, which are aggregations of microorganisms adhering to surfaces surrounded by self-produced matrix. These biofilms pose many health risks in the milk production and processing industry, such as milk spoilage, poor-quality milk products, and other health risks. Our study revealed that, after 24 hours of incubation at 30°C, colonies on Chrome agar appeared pink with a dark center while on nutrient agar colonies appeared red at 28°C due to Serratia marcescens' ability to produce pigment. the ability of these local isolates to produce pigment was evaluated using NB Medium with different incubation time A total of 11 isolates from milk samples showed the ability to produce a high concentration of prodigiosin when incubated for 72 hours. All isolates were found to produce biofilm at different rates. In isolate (6), we observed the highest production of biofilm.

Forty-two typical P. aeruginosa strains were chosen, and Eight antibiotic-resistance genes linked to a spontaneous outbreak of the bacteria were analyzed (the same strains that were tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility). The findings revealed that 15 of the examined bacteria had the -lactamase gene on chromosomes with amplicons that were 264 bp in size. 21 tested strains harbored fusA1 & fusA2 gene on chromosome while 12 strains harbored orfN gene on chromosome . ropN gene found on chromosome in 10 strains . 16 strains harbored ampC gene on chromosome, 8 tested strains harbored fusA1 & fusA2 gene on chromosome, rpsJ gene found on chromosome in 2 strains. ptsP gene found on chromosome in 13 strains.

AbstractThis research planned to investigate the morphological structures of the oropharynx cavity and microscopic features of palatine salivary glands in domesticated goose. Ten heads of adult healthy geese collected from slaughterhouse. Five heads were prepared for macroscopic examination and five heads were processed for histochemical investigation of the palatine salivary glands. Anatomically, the oropharynx cavity was divided into roof and floor. The oropharyngeal roof composed of the rostral region (lamellae part) and the caudal region (papillae part). Median palatine ridge divided lamellar part into two equal sides. Each side had three longitudinal rows of palatine round tubercle. The oropharyngeal floor subdivided into rostral part occupying by the tongue and caudal part including the laryngeal mound. Horny bristle lamellae existed on the lateral margins of the beak. Three clefts were observed including choanae, infundibular cleft and glottis. The tongue was flat elongated and rostrally carried the lingual nail. The microscopic findings showed that the palatine salivary glands were mucus secreting and simple branched tubular glands. A mucus cell was tall columnar with basally located nucleus. Also, the mucus cell secreted neutral and acid mucosubstances but proteins and glycogens were absent. The palatine glands contained numerous lymphatic nodules which protected the oropharyngeal mucosa from invasion of microorganisms. The characteristic features of the oropharynx and secretions of the palatine glands showed their adaptation based on the type of food and feeding behavior in domesticated goose.

This study was conducted on 180 blood samples collected randomly from equids (106 horses and 74 donkeys) in Nineveh governorate, Iraq, including, 25 clinically and laboratory healthy equids that served as control equids. Clinical examinations for all equids have been done, and samples of blood were collected from all equids for serodiagnosis, hemato-biochemical parameters examination. Results demonstrated that the total prevalence of Equine anaplasmosis (AE) in equids was 46.1% (83/180), representing 30.1% in horses and 68.9% in donkeys using indirect-ELISA. Infected equids were suffering from fever, paleness, petechial hemorrhages and/or jaundice of the mucous membranes, respiratory disorders, edema of the limbs, nervous signs, and the presence of ticks on the different parts of the body. There was a a significant increase in the body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, and capillary refilling time in infected equids. Hemogram revealed a significant decrease in the TRBCs, Hb, PCV, MCH, and MCHC, with a significant increase in MCV, reflecting a macrocytic hypochromic type of anemia. In addition to significant increase in the ESR. Furthermore, a significant decrease in PLT and TWBCs as a result of a significant decrease in neutrophils and lymphocytes in the infected equids compared to the control equids. Biochemical analysis showed that a significant increase in AST, ALT, ALP, TB, creatinine, and BUN with a significant decrease in TP, phosphorus and calcium, in infected equids compared to the control animal. In conclusion, The EA is widespread in equids in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq along with significant clinico-hemato-biochemical parameter alterations.

AbstractObesity is chronic disease, leads to fatty liver, its abnormal function tests and hyperlipidemia, exercise improved the lipid profile, liver histomorphology and functions, herbs were frequently included in obesity management, this study aimed to investigate effects of swimming and mixture of garlic and lemon juice on lipid profile, liver function and losing of weight as well. twenty adult male albino rats of about 240 ± 10 gram body weight & 12 weeks old were used and were randomly divided into four experimental groups, during 28 days of experiments first group fed the standard pellet diet, second group fed with the high formulated diet (HFD) , third group fed with the HFD , with orally administration of 28 ml of mixture of garlic and lemon, last group fed with the HFD, and doing swimming 30 minute/day, body weight, lipid profile and serum levels of AST, ALP, ALP were measured as well as evaluation of liver histopathology, all indicated loose of body weight, significantly decreased liver function test parameters and serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and increase of HDL in exercise and treated groups (P value ≤0.01), beside preserving histology of liver compared to fatty liver in model group, the study concluded that obesity can induces fatty liver and deteriorate its functions, accompanied by hyperlipidemia, in other hands swimming and administration mixture of allium sativum and Citrus limon significantly decrease the cholesterol, TG, LDL, and liver function test parameters while increasing HDL and ameliorate the liver histopathological lesions as well.

Coccidiosis is a major parasitic disease that affects domestic fowl, turkeys, ducks, and geese around the world. It is caused by protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa originating from the genus Eimeria. This study was recommended due to the lack of data on chicken Eimeria species in the Kurdistan region. There are nine recorded species of Eimeria in chickens, E.tenella is the most common coccidia in poultry, which is distinguished by its easily identifiable injuries and significant losses in early broilers and pullet layers. The research examined naturally infected broiler chicks aged between 3 and 6 weeks with Eimeria tenella. The samples were taken from caecal content and examined by standard methods such as necropsy and microscopic examinations. Microscopic examination revealed a large number of coccidian oocysts in the caecal content. Histopathological analysis showed severe sloughing of the lining mucosa with haemorrhage and necrosis, along with the presence of different stages of Eimeria, including oocytes, macrogametes, microgametes and schizonts in the submucosal layer. Haematoxylin and eosin staining facilitated a histopathological study on the affected caecum tissue. The study highlights an important stage that streamlines parasite isolation for molecular diagnosis by directly using cecum samples for DNA extraction. This method allows molecular diagnostic procedures to be completed more efficiently, regardless of the parasite’s stage.

The study was conducted to examine 876 sheep of different ages and of both sexes in Basrah province, Iraq during September 2023 to March 2024. 180 animals with clinical signs of pneumonia and acute vital signs were included. Results showed that 160 (88.88%) samples out of 180 were sero-positive for indirect ELISA, However, the age group less than 6 months exhibited highly infection rate compared with sheep more than one year old. Moreover, all infected animals showed acute clinical manifestations including partial or complete loss of appetite, rapid and difficult breathing with abnormal lung sounds, where pleural frictional sound is the common type, nasal discharge, Pleurodynia, reproductive cough as well as a signs of anemia. Results of macroscopic appearance of carcasses show congested, lungs consolidation, hemorrhagic area and spots as well as hepatization. whereas, Histopathological results indicate, thickening of alveolar wall with hemorrhage in interlobular tissue and congested blood vessel. Moreover, hyperplasia with excessive inflammatory cells in alveolar lumen as well as bronchioles with necrotic area was also indicated beside interstitial pneumonia with exudate in bronchial lumen and hyperplasia in epithelium cells of bronchial tissues. It has been concluded that Mycoplasma ovipneumonia infection affected sheep hardly reflecting high morbidity and mortality rate and economic loses, therefor a fit control measure programmed should be planed.

Staphylococcus aureus utilizes two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) for sensing and responding to stressors such as antimicrobials. Variations in the sequence of TCSs involved in antimicrobial resistance, such as WalRK, VraSR, LytSR, GraSR, NsaRS, HptSR, and AirRS, may influence the resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus in clinical isolates from Basra Governorate in southern Iraq, which includes cows, sheep, dogs, cats, and humans. The total number of variants was 19,176, 19,924, 20,168, 20,499, and 42,248 for MHC, MHB, MHH, MHF, and MHO, respectively. Compared to the other isolates, the MHO isolate from a sheep clinical case exhibited the highest number of variants. The synonymous and missense mutations were the highest in the MHO strain compared to other isolates. The MHH human strain showed resistance to seven antibiotics compared to other isolates of animal origin, Which showed resistance to antibiotics for two types of antibiotics according to the results of what we did to test the antibiotic sensitivity using the Vitek device, in addition to the analysis of the genome sequence of the genes of the two-component system, which revealed differences between the local isolates, which affected their antibiotic resistance profile