This study was undertaken to establish reliable diagnostic-procedures for the microbiological monitoring of laboratory animals. Murine (mice and rats) antibodies against hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ), mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and Mycoplasma pulmonis (Mp) were detected sensitively and specifically in experimentally and naturally infected animals' sera by an indirect enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), using urease conjugated antimurine immunoglobulin. The sensitivity and specificity of the complement fixation test which has been apllied widely for serodiagnosis of HVJ, MHV and Mp infections were apparently lower than those of ELISA. From these results, the ELISA was found to be available for the serodiagnosis of HVJ, MHV and Mp infections in mice and rats

The present study was carried out to determine viral antigens and its morphogenesis in the ultrathin frozen and araldite sections of cell cultures infected with ADV by protein A-gold labelling. ADV antigens were labelled with 10nm gold probes, and electron-dense gold particles were mainly present on viral nucleocapsids and viral envelopes. Immunogold labelling in the ultracryosections showed a very low degree of interaction with tissue structures. Immunogold labelling in the ultrathin cryosections can be useful tool for the detection of ADV antigens, and the technique also may provide its great potential for immunocytochemical studies on various virus-host cell interactions

Hematologic values were determined in blood samples obtained from 203 normal, healthy Jindo dogs of both sexes that ranged in age from 3 months to 10 years. Age-related differences were detected for the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, PCV and the number of eosinophils. The persistent eosinophilia appears to be due to the dirofilariasis and flea-allergy dermatitis

This study was carried out to treatment test for bovine mastitis by the determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based on firefly bioluminescence. In the susceptibility test, cephalothin which looks the most effective were sensitive to Staphylococcus sp. (72.3 %), Micrococcus sp. (84.2 %), Streptococcus sp. (72.7 %) and Gram positive bacilli (72.7 %), Gram negative bacilli were sensitive to gentamycin (92.3 %) and Yeast-like-fungi was the most sensitive to clotrimazole, and nystatin in order. When the number of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida tropicalis isolated from the mastitis milk were counted by conventional agar plating technique, and compared with the concentration of bacterial ATP, it gave a good linear relationship. The content of ATP per Staphylococcus aureus, cell was 3.1fM and Candida tropicalis showed the high level of ATP (90fM). The ATP assay was applied to the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of various antibiotics. When Staphylococcus aureus was incubated in the presence of different concentration of tetracycline, erythromycin, kanamycin and streptomycin sulfate and the growth was monitored by the conventional agar plating technique and ATP assay, both methods showed the same results that they were 1mcg/ml, 2mcg/ml, 6.25mcg/ml and 8mcg/ml, respectively. For the determination of susceptibility of sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated for the milk with mastitis to tetracycline, erythromycin, kanamycin and strepomycin sulfate, the minimum time required for the test was determined by the assay of ATP every 30 minutes during incubation of 3 hours at 37deg C. ATP concentration time curve calculated on both resistant and sensitive strains incubated 3 hours as the optimum time for the determination of susceptibilities of various antibiotics examed. The ATP concentration of each test brith (antibiotic contraining), expressed as a percentage of its own control brith (antibiotic-free) indicated values of 30 % to be indicative of each antibiotic sensitivity.

To investigate the epidemiological trait of intestinal diseases of animals caused by thermophilic Campylobacter spp., isolation of etiological agent was carried out and the profiles of plasmids and the transfer of resistance plasmid in the isolated Camplyobacter spp. were examined. A total of 110 isolates of C jejuni and C coli were subjected to the test for the presence of plasmid DNA. Of the isolates examined, 60 % of the isolates were noted to harbor plasmid DNA. Plasmid occurrence rate from pigs, chickens and cattle were 76.2 %, 61.7 % and 37.7 %, respectively. The plasmids of a large molecular weight, ranging from 36 Md to 86Md, were identified with the strains of tetracycline resistant. Transfer frequency of tetracycline resistant plasmids was higher in the case of the filter mating method than in the broth mating method by the factor of 10-1,000. Tetracycline resistant plasmids of C jejuni were transferarble to C jejuni and C coli by conjugation. In a low frequency, the transfer of tetracycline plasmid was also possible to Vibrio parahemolyticus. However, it was impossible to transfer to Streptococcus fecalis, E. coli and Vibrio cholerae. Tetracycline resistant plasmids of C jejuni were impossible to transfer to Campylobacter spp. and related bacteria by transformation

A total of 13 synchronized dairy cattle (Holstein) were used to determine pregnancy rates in relation to plasma progesterone, estradiol-17-beta levels and serum chemical values on the day of last PGF 2 alpha injection and day of frozen/thawed bovine embryo transfer. The pregnancy rate of recipients with 1.0-4.0ng/ml of progesterone levels at the day of last PGF 2 alpha injection was higher than that of recipients with below 1.0ng/ml or above 4.0ng/ml of progesterone levels. On the day of transfer, optimal progesterone levels were between 1.0ng/ml and 4.0ng/ml coinciding with a pregnancy rate of 88.9 %. Pregnancy rate decreased when progesterone levels were below 1.0ng/ml (33.3 %) or above 4.0ng/ml (0 %). Corpus luteum grade did not affect pregnancy rate and this result revealed that manual palpation of corpus luteum was not valid criterion of corpus luteum function. Progesterone levels as well as pregnancy rate did not significantly differ whether the corpus luteum was on the right (1.62 +- 1.33ng/ml; 63.5 %) or left ovary (1.99 +- 0.61ng/ml; 85.0 %). Estradiol-17-beta levels were not significantly different between pregnant and nonpregnant recipients, but estradiol-17-beta levels (82.2 +- 13.5 VS. 72.3 +- 10.1pg/ml) were higher at below 1.0 ng/ml of progesterone. Total cholesterol levels on the day last PGF 2 alpha injection and day of transfer did not affect pregnancy rate. Calcium and inorganic phoshorus levels belonged to normal range in most of the recipients. These range did not affect pregnancy rate. In reviewing above results, plasma progesterone levels (1.0-4.0ng/ml) at the time of transfer are diagnostic value for screening recipients prior to transfer of frozen/thawed bovine embryos

In order to establish the extent of Streptococcal arthritis piglets, isolation of Streptococci from arthritic lesions of 34 piglets were undertaken from November 1987 to October 1988 in Korea. Also determined were isolation frequency of Streptococci in nasal cavity of 250 healthy sows and antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates. Streptococci were isolated from 52.9 % of 34 arthritic piglets and 20 strains isolated belonged to 4 S suis type I, 8 S suis type II, 2 Lancefield group C and 6 group E. From 28.8 % of 250 healthy sows, 72 strains of Streptococci were isolated and these consisted of 9 S suis type I, 51 S suis type II and 12 group C. Streptococcal arthritis seemed to occur prominently in piglets aged 2 to 4 weeks and in male than female. No significant difference were recognized in tarsal and carpal joints as affecting site. All of 92 isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and penicillin, and all strains of S suis type I and group E Streptococcus were also sensitive to chloramphenicol and cephalothin. To cephalothin all strains of group C Streptococcus were sensitive. The 1.7 to 100 % of 92 isolates were resistant with different prevalence to colistin, erythromycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, gentamycin, chloramphenicol and cephalothin. The 92.5 % of these resistant Streptococci were multiply drug-resistant strains. The drug resistant patterns most frequently encountered were Tc Cl Em Km Gm (16.3 %) in quintuple pattern, Tc Cl Em Km (16.3 %) in quadruple pattern, Tc Cl Em (10.9 %) in triple pattern and Cl Em (14.1 %) in double pattern

This study was performed to investigate the effects of stage and quality of embryo, synchrony between donor and recipient and difficulty of transfer on pregnancy rate following non-surgical transfer of frozen-thawed bovine embryos. The overall pregnancy rate of this experiment was 63.4 % and that of heifers (73.1 %) was higher than that of cows (46.7 %). The pregnancy rates of recipients transferred with morulae, early blastocysts and blastocysts were 50.0 %, 64.7 % and 71.4 %, respectively. The pregnancy rate of recipients transferred with good embryos (67.9 %) was higher than that of recipients transferred with fair embryos (53.8 %). The pregnancy rates of embros transferred to left and right uterine horn were 63.2 % and 63.6 %, respectively. The pregnancy rate of recipients in estrous synchrony 0 (76.2 %) was higher than those of recipients in synchrony -1 (55.6 %) and +1 (44.4 %). The pregnancy rate of recipients transferred with 2 embryos (71.4 %) was higher than that of recipients transferred with 1 embryo (61.8 %). The pregnancy rate of embryos transferred to uterine tip (72.0 %) was higher than that of embryos transferred to uterine base (50.0 %). Ease of transfer was ranked to a scale of one to three on the basis of increasing difficulty. Transfers ranked as ease score 1 accounted for 77.8 % of pregnancies and had higher pregnancy rate than ease score 2 (66.7 %) or 3 (45.5 %). The pregnancy rate of recipients with excellent corpus luteum (CL) (70.0 %) was higher than those of recipients with good CL (61.1 %) or fair CL (61.5%). In reviewing above results, it was considered that the factors such as embryo stage, embryo quality, estrous synchrony, corpus luteum quality, tranfer site within uterus, recipient's parity and ease score affected the pregnancy rate after non-surgical transfer of frozen-thawed bovine embryos

Serotypes of S hyicus subsp hyicus strains isolated from healthy pigs and piglets with exudative epidermitis were identified with homogeneous factor sera. The serotypes of 489 strains were classified into 5 serotypes as A (16.8 %), C (20.4 %), D (9.4 %), E (7.2 %), F (29.2 %) and untypable (17.0 %). Serotype F was the most predominant strain regardless of health condition, body regions and age of the pigs

This study was carried out to diagnostic test for bovine mastitis by the determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based on firefly bioluminescence. The infection rate of bovine mastitis investigated with 521 cows in 47 dairy farms were found to be 3.6 % of clinical form and 44.1 % of subclinical form according to the degree of infection. The light yield produced in firefly bioluminescence system was proportional to the concentration of ATP giving stright line within the range of 100PM-luM. When the number of somatic cell in milk was determined by the ATP assay and compared with three conventional methods such Fossomatic. California mastatic test (CMT), and rolling ball viscometer (RBV), it was shown that r= 0.92 for Fossomatic, 0.63 for CMT and 0.7 for RBV. The microorganisms causing mastitis were isolated Staphylococcus sp. (53.3 %), Streptococcus sp. (17.9 %), Micrococcus sp. (13.5 %), Gram negative bacilli (6.3 %), Gram positive bacilli (5.5 %) and Yeast-like fungi (5.4 %). The endogeneous ATP levels of bacteria in a raw milk determined by the firefly bioluminescence system and compared with the results of the conventional methods. The correlation was 0.88 for raw milk