Objective: This study aimed to identify the effect of complete pellet feed on animal performances in both on-station and on-farm trials conducted on growing goats. Materials and Methods: A complete pellet feed was developed with 40% roughage (rice straw) and 60% concentrate [rice polish (50%), maize crush (16%), soybean meal (20%), molasses (10%), salt (2%), Dicalcium Phosphate (1%), vitaminmineral premix (0.5%), and pellet binder (0.5%)] for commercial goat production and the research trial was carried out on the research station and on the farmers validation level. Results: The results of the experiment on the effect of the developed complete pellet feed on goat production under stall feeding condition demonstrated that feeding complete pellet feeds helped in increasing the daily body weight gain of goats (36.96 and 52.46 gm, respectively) compared to traditional semi-intensive feeding (17.76 gm) with significantly (p < 0.05) better body condition score of goats. Feed Conversion Ratio was considerably lower (5.7) in the pellet feeding group than in the other groups where no pellet feed was used (8.32 and 8.03). Significantly (p < 0.05) lower feed price per kg weight gain was also observed in the pellet feeding group (BDT 124.22) compared to other groups (BDT 203.85 and BDT 214.74, respectively). Conclusion: The results suggest that complete pellet feed can be more economical for commer¬cial goat production under the stall feeding condition, and farmers can be benefited by about 40% more compared to conventional grass, urea molasses straw, and concentrate-based feeding system. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(4.000): 704-709]

Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in retail poultry shops, characterized the antibiotic resistance profile, and detected the genotypic pattern of vir¬ulence genes. Materials and Methods: Broiler meat (n = 90), intestinal content (n = 40), and environmental samples (n = 95) were collected for this study. Besides, hand swabs (n = 20) were obtained from the poultry shop workers and stool samples (n = 40) were collected from the outpatient clinics of Beni-Suef University Hospital, Egypt. The samples were subjected to isolation and identification of L. monocytogenes by conventional bacteriological examinations and biochemical tests, followed by confirmatory identification by the polymerase chain reaction. Results: Among the collected samples (n = 285), L. monocytogenes could be detected in 14.4% (n = 41/285) of the samples, where 30.0% (n = 12/40) of the intestinal content was positive. Similarly, 10.0% (n = 9/90), 15.0% (n = 3/20), and 12.5% (n = 5/40) of the samples of meat, hand swabs, and stools were found positive for L. monocytogenes, respectively. A total of 12 (12.6%) out of 95 environmental samples were positive for L. monocytogenes. Based on the antimicrobial sensitiv¬ity profile, most of the recovered isolates were multidrug-resistant against most commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion: The findings conclude that poultry shops play a vital role in transmitting L. monocy¬togenes to the consumers. Asymptomatic poultry shop workers should draw attention to their potentials for spreading the infection to the consumers through the contaminated carcasses. Low hygienic standards are present in commercial poultry shops that increase the risk of contamina¬tion in the sold products. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(4.000): 710-717]

Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the supporting and non-supporting loop colostomy techniques in dogs. Materials and Methods: In this study, 12 adult healthy mongrel dogs were used to carry out a short-term (21 days) temporary flank loop colostomy. The dogs were divided into two groups (n = 6). In the first group (Con group), conventional stoma fixation was operated without loop support. In the second group [subcutaneous silicone drain (SSD) group], an SSD was used as a supporting bridge. The stoma was fixed by a modified, interrupted seromuscular vertical mattress suture pattern. Both peristomal and stomal complications were recorded. Results: Results showed that a total of seven dogs (58%) suffered complications. There was a sig¬nificant tendency toward less peristomal (p = 0.012) and stomal complications (p = 0.001) in the SSD group. The intensity of pain was significantly (p < 0.05) different between the two groups in the first week post surgery. Comfort with stoma care was significantly (p = 0.015) better in the SSD group, experiencing the best results. Conclusion: It is concluded that an appropriate stoma location, using a soft supporting bridge, stoma fixation using modified interrupted neuromuscular vertical mattress sutures, and proper appliance fixation by adhesive tapes and a tight T-shirt may overcome the complications of short-term loop colostomy in dogs and introduce a satisfaction for stoma care. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(4.000): 685-691]

Objective: The study of an in vitro embryosis is crucial in genetics for breed improvement and reproduction in livestock, identifying the causes of infertility, and stem cell application. Meanwhile, the problem of nucleic acid denaturation observed during embryo development is yet to be resolved. This study was set out to analyze the nucleic acid denaturation during the development of in vitro embryos. Materials and Methods: Using an in-vitro fertilization-embryo in porcine, the cell development and apoptosis were evaluated by adding rapamycin by concentration to the TCM-199 containing 10% FBS or 10% porcine follicle fluid (pFF). Real-time PCR, zymography, DNA fragment, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis were also carried out to determine the development rate of inner cell mass in the in-vitro fertilization-embryo. Results: The findings indicated that the addition of rapamycin to the 10% pFF group during in vitro maturation led to an increase in the rates of cleavage and blastocyst development and the expression of active matrix metallopeptidase (MMP-9), while nucleic acid denaturation was suppressed. In other words, the addition of rapamycin was found to increase the expression of MMP-2 in the inner cell mass and trophoblast, while it inhibited apoptosis. Conclusion: The addition of rapamycin influences the regulation of apoptosis and MMPs, and based on this, it is presumed to have a positive effect on blastocyst development. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(4.000): 614-620]

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between hair whorl position and temperament in Chinese Yellow cattle using a questionnaire. Also, the effect of the raising environment is investigated. Materials and methods: A total of 122 Chinese Yellow cattle were surveyed in 3 village areas and four grassland areas in the northern area of China. For each cattle, an investigator asked the care-person about each item of a temperament questionnaire and determined the facial hair whorl position of each cattle. The location of hair whorl was categorized as low, middle, or high in relation to the eyes. Results: The overall distribution was 20.5% high, 58.2% middle, 13.1% low, 6.6% double, and 1.6% no hair whorl. There was no significant difference between the grassland and village area cattle in the distribution of whorl position. The scores of grassland areas were significantly higher than those of village areas in terms of Retentive memory, Sensitivity, and Timidity and lower in Docility and Fortitude. The scores for the high position tended to be higher than those for the middle plus low positions in terms of Adaptability and Obedience. On the other hand, there was a tendency for a score for the high position to be lower than the other posi¬tions in Excitability. A significant interaction between area and whorl position was observed in Friendliness to cattle. Conclusion: These findings suggest that hair whorl location may be useful in predicting the tem¬perament in cattle, but temperament can be influenced by environment and/or handlings. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(3.000): 477-481]

Objective: The trial was aimed at assessing the effect of phytogenic feed additive (PFA), a natural adaptogen, on growth performance, serum neopterin level, and cutaneous basophil hypersensi¬tivity (CBH) response in heat-induced stress model of broilers. Materials and Methods: One-day-old Ross 308 chicks (N = 360) were randomly distributed among normal control (NOR), heat-stress control (HSC), and PFA treatment (HSC plus PFA at 200 gm/ton of feed) group. HSC and PFA groups were subjected to heat stress (HS) (32°C36°C) from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. for 35 days. The impact of HS on growth performance, serum neopterin level, and CBH response was assessed. Results: High ambient temperature worsened the performance traits [bodyweight (p < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio] and significantly lowered the serum neopterin level and CBH response in the HSC group when compared to the NOR group. However, supplementation of PFA at 200 gm/ ton of feed to birds mitigated the detrimental effects of HS. Conclusion: PFA at 200 gm/ton demonstrated the immunomodulatory effect through the resto¬ration of serum neopterin level, CBH response, and growth performance traits in heat-stressed broiler chickens. Thus, PFA can be used as a natural adaptogen to increase the stress resistance and mitigate the negative consequences of various stressors in broiler chickens. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(1.000): 141-147]

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the molecular characteristics of naturally mutant non-pathogenic O27 strain of Escherichia coli and its efficacy as probiotic in broilers and determine the best age at which it can be administered. Materials and methods: A total of 24 virulence genes using 24 sets of primers were detected using the polymerase chain reaction technique. For probiotics experiments, 60 chicks (day 1 old) were divided into three groups, 20 per group, and reared for 4 weeks. The first group was considered as a negative control. The second group was treated orally with O27 strain at first day of life for three successive days and repeated at day 21. The third group was administered orally with O27 strain at day 10 old, and repeated at day 21 old. Results: The data revealed that type 1 fimbrial adhesion, salmochelin siderophore receptor, and sigma factor-binding protein were detected in O27 strain, but temperature-sensitive hemagglutin, hemolysin secretion gene, pyelonephritis-associated Pili gene, polysaccharide capsule synthesis gene, Shiga-toxin1 gene, Shiga-toxin2 gene, Brain microvascular endothelial cell invasion, E. coli attaching and effacing gene, heat-stable enterotoxin, heat-labile enterotoxin, east 1 toxin, colicin V, verotoxin type 2, necrotizing cytotoxic factor type 1, colonization factor antigen I, colonization factor antigen III, coli surface 2, coli surface 4, serine protease pic autransporter, vacuolating autotransporter toxin, and serine protease EspP precursor were not detected in O27 strain. Group 2 performance parameters were significantly better (p < 0.01) than groups 3 and 1. Hematological and biochemical parameters did not be influenced (p > 0.05) by the administration of O27 strain. Antibody titers of infectious bursal disease virus and Newcastle disease virus in groups 2 and 3 were improved as compared to group 1. Group 2 had significantly higher titers than group 3. Histopathologically, all groups showed normal histopathological pictures. However, jejunum in groups 2 and 3 showed more tall, intact, and densely packed microvilli and more crypt depth than the control group. Conclusion: The O27 strain of E. coli is non-pathogenic bacteria. Its effects on growth performances and enhancement of immunity in broilers match with the same impact of probiotics, and these candidates will fit to be a good probiotic in the future. The results revealed that the effects of O27 strain at the day 1 old of life for three successive days and repeated at day 21 old are better for improving the performance and immunity of the birds. More research works about the characterized non-pathogenic E. coli strain O27 are required for field and commercial use. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(3.000): 374-383]

Objective: Annual health screening inclusive of heart workup is recommended for the detection of heart diseases, especially in asymptomatic patients (no clinical signs). This study determined the occurrences of the common heart disease and the risk factors in apparently healthy cats. Material and methods: This prospective study that screened 59 healthy cats and the status of the heart were evaluated based on a combination of findings from physical examination, electrocar¬diography, blood pressure measurement, routine blood test, urinalysis, and total thyroid level. Results: Approximately 40.7% (n = 24/59) of the apparently healthy cats were diagnosed with heart disease hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (62.5%) remains to be the most commonly diag¬nosed. The mean age was 4.9-year old (age range, 7-month-old to 19-year-old). The prevalence was higher in males (45.0%; n = 17/38) cats, especially the domestic shorthairs (46.0%; n = 11/24). Among the healthy cats with vertebral heart scale (VHS) > 8.0, only 52% (n = 12/23) of them were diagnosed with cardiomyopathy. However, 33% (n = 12/36) of the cats with normal VHS ≤ 7.9 were diagnosed with heart disease. Consistently, all healthy cats with abnormal heart sounds were diagnosed with heart disease. About 31.4% (n = 16/51) of these cats with typical heart sound had cardiomyopathy too. Conclusion: The occurrence of cardiomyopathy in apparently healthy cats has no association with the patients age, sex, and VHS, except for the heart sound. Echocardiography remains the best diagnostic tool, as normal heart size and normal heart sound do not exclude cardiomyopathy in this group of apparently healthy cats. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(3.000): 501-508]

Objectives: Antibacterial resistance is a great concern in human and food animal medicine, and it poses a significant concern in pet animals like dogs. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. along with the carryover of some resistance genes in E. coli from dogs in the Chattogram metropolitan area, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Rectal swab (n = 50), nasal swab (n = 50), and skin swab (n = 50) sam¬ples were collected from dogs having respiratory infections, skin infections, and/or enteritis, respectively. Three types of bacteria were identified and isolated by conventional bacteriological techniques and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out against 12 antimicrobials by disk diffusion methods. Six resistance genes, namely blaTEM, blaCTX-M, tetA, tetB, Sul-I, and Sul-II, were screened for phenotypically resistant E. coli isolates by the polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 39 (78%) E. coli, 25 (50%) Staphylococcus spp., and 24 (48%) Streptococcus spp. isolates were isolated from the rectal swab, nasal swab, and skin swab samples, respectively. In the cultural sensitivity test, the E. coli isolates showed resistance to ceftriaxone (79%) and sulfa¬methoxazole/trimethoprim (64%). Doxycycline (80%) demonstrated the highest resistance among Staphylococcus isolates, followed by sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (60%). Streptococcus iso¬lates showed the highest resistance to penicillin (63%), followed by ceftriaxone (54%), while no isolate showed resistance to gentamycin. The prevalence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, tetA, tetB, Sul-I, and Sul-II genes in phenotypically resistant E. coli isolates were 100%, 61.29%, 100%, 8.33%, 56%, and 72%, respectively. Conclusions: Spillover of such multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistance genes from pet dogs pose a serious public health risk. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(4.000): 669-677]

Objective: This study was conducted to establish the normal values and repeatability of pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler ultrasonographic parameters of the hepatic portal circulation in healthy dromedary she-camels. Materials and Methods: According to the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guide¬lines, the sample size and statistical analysis were followed. Ten healthy, non-pregnant, non-lactat¬ing she-camels were selected after physical, hematological, and ultrasonographic examinations. All hepatic ultrasonographic measurements were obtained from unsedated standing she-camels at the 11th right intercostal space using B-mode and PW Doppler. Results: The ultrasonographic measurements were portal vein (PV) diameter 1.76 ± 0.37 cm; por¬tal velocity 12.3 ± 3.2 cm/sec; portal area 2.05 ± 0.57 (cm)²; portal congestion index 0.16 ± 0.04 cms; and portal blood flow volume 0.02 ± 0.05 ml/sec/kg. The intra-assay coefficient of variations (CV)% of the above-mentioned variables were 5.84 ± 4.32, 12.3 ± 7.1, 10.5 ± 5.8, 14.7 ± 7.1, and 15.8 ± 12, respectively. However, the inter-assay CV% were 13.2 ± 5.9, 18.5 ± 8.4, 19.7 ± 7.6, 17.3 ± 8.8, and 31.9 ± 15, respectively. Conclusion: This study provides data that may be used as reference values for Doppler measure¬ments of the PV in she-camels, which may help diagnose some hepatic disorders in camels. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(4.000): 698-703]