A ten-year-old non-descriptive male dog was presented to Small Animal Surgery Unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex,VCRI, Orathanadu with a history of perineal swelling for past two months.On general clinical examination the dog had normal temperature, congested conjunctival mucous membranes, tachycardia, tachypnoea and enlarged lymph nodes. Per-vaginal examination revealed hard mass in the roof of the vaginal passage and on ultrasonographic examination, a mass measuring around 32.8 x 37.6mm was noticed inside the vagina. The case was tentatively diagnosed as “vaginal tumor” and surgical removal of the tumour was decided. The animal was sedated with inj.dexmedetomidine at the dose rate of 2µg/kg b.wt i.v. and inj. butorphanol at the dose rate of 0.1mg/kg b.wt i.m. Anaesthetic induction was done with inj.ketamine at the dose rate of 5mg/kg b.wt i.v. and inj.diazepam at the dose rate of 0.5mg/kg b.wt i.v. and maintained with isoflurane with variable vaporizer setting and the fresh gas flow at the rate of 20 ml per kg body weight per minute. The cardiopulmonary parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, ECG, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, saturation of peripheral oxygenation and end-tidal carbon dioxide were monitored and recorded throughout the anaesthetic maintenance. Upon examination of the perineal region, a large mass was observed on the dorsal aspect of the vaginal roof. En-bloc resection of vaginal tumour was performed through dorsal episiotomy. The resected mass was weighing 375gms. Postoperatively the animal was treated with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs along with fluid therapy. The animal made an uneventful recovery. 

A non-descript breed, 6 month old female calf was presented with history of high fever and severe convulsion at Large Animal outpatient unit Veterinary Clinical Complex of Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli. Clinical examination revealed congested mucous membrane, severe dehydration, and enlarged prescapular lymphnode and nervous signs. Haematological examination revealed reduction of haemoglobin and hypoglycemia was noticed in biochemical examination. Blood pictures showed normocytic hypochromic anemia. Peripheral blood smear examination confirmed the presence of Trypanosoma evansi based on the morphological characters. Animal was treated with supportive therapy of 5% dextrose, tribivet and vitamin C. Animal died on the day of presentation but it might have recovered if treated early.

A pluriparous crossbred cow was presented with sudden bilateral abdominal distension. Based on gynaeco-clinical and ultrasonographic investigation, the case was diagnosed for hydrallantois. Medical termination of the pregnancy was initiated using Cloprostenol sodium and dexamethasone. An 18G Rusch catheter was fixed trans-cervically in the uterine cavity to allow gradual drainage of fetal fluid. Complete cervical dilation was observed by 48 hrs post treatment, which permitted the extraction of a deceased male fetus

Canine diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder in dogs, closely resembling type 1 diabetes in humans, and is marked by chronic hyperglycemia from pancreatic β-cell destruction or dysfunction, causing insulin deficiency. Contributing factors include genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, pancreatitis, and certain drugs. It occurs most often in older, female, and breed-susceptible dogs. Typical signs include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and bilateral cataracts, with diagnosis based on persistent fasting hyperglycemia and glucosuria. Management requires lifelong insulin therapy, dietary control, and monitoring through tools such as blood glucose curves and Fructosamine testing. Complications like diabetic ketoacidosis, cataracts, and urinary tract infections are frequent and need timely intervention. Advances in continuous glucose monitoring, immunotherapy, and molecular diagnostics  have  improved  outcomes.  With  proper  therapy  and  owner  compliance, affected dogs can maintain a good quality of life. Research is focusing on early detection, genetic  screening,  and  innovative  treatments  like  stem  cell  therapy  and  pancreatic islet  regeneration,  ensuring  continued  progress  in  controlling  this  complex  disease.

This study investigated the impact of different egg cleaning methods on hatchability, moisture loss, and chick yield in broiler breeder grandparent eggs. A total of 1500 eggs (300 eggs/treatment, (50 eggs/replicate) from 62-week-old birds were used. Five treatments were employed: fresh eggs from cages (T1 – control), dry cleaning (T2), and using didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride at concentrations of 3 ml/L (T3), 4 ml/L (T4), and 5 ml/L (T5). The shape index of the egg was consistent across all treatments, ranging from 76.5% to 77.5%, ensuring a uniform basis for comparison. treatments T1, T2, and T4 exhibited better hatchability performance compared to the other groups (78.67% ± 0.42, 78.67% ± 0.67, and 71.33% ± 0.42, respectively). Notably, the hatchability values for T1 (control) and T2 (dry clean) were numerically similar. Regarding moisture loss, dry-cleaned eggs (T2) exhibited the highest moisture loss (10.65% ± 0.32), with T3 (disinfectant cleaning at 3 ml/L) showing a closer level. Economically, T1 (control - cleaning eggs from cages) yielded the highest profit (Rs.40,050) compared to the other treatments. This study concluded that dry cleaned eggs and fresh eggs from cage will provide better hatchability and economic returns in broiler grandparent birds.

  This study investigates the application of time series models for forecasting milk production in India. Using secondary data from 2001–02 to 2022–23, we evaluated four forecasting techniques, Exponential Smoothing (ES), Moving Average (MA), Vector Auto Regression (VAR), and Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The ARIMA (1,1,0) model emerged as the best fit for short-term forecasting, while MA demonstrated better performance for long-term projections. The VAR model achieved an adjusted R² of 1.00, indicating a near-perfect fit, although its predictive capacity needs careful interpretation. Forecasting using ARIMA projected India’s milk production to reach approximately 394 million tonnes by 2032–33, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.29%. These findings hold significant relevance for policymakers aiming to devise data-driven strategies to support sustainable dairy sector growth.

In recent years, Qatar’s population has grown quickly, which has led to a rise in camels (Camelus dromedarius, one-humped). This increased the risk of infection. Six species of bacteria of the genus Anaplasma are responsible for the tick- borne disease anaplasmosis, which affects people and livestock. The most significant species for human and veterinary health are Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The study aimed to detect Anaplasma spp in camel blood samples, utilizing RT-PCR analysis with genetic PCR solution kits [GPS]. A total of 800 camel blood samples collected in an aseptic condition from the jugular vein in 5ml EDTA tubes were used for bacterial DNA isolation. The thermal profile was set up with initial denaturation at 95°C for 1 min, denaturation at 95°C for 15 s of 40 cycles, and extension at 60°C for 60 s. The amplification curve shows the absolute quantification. A mean CT value of 28.5 was considered positive, indicating the presence of Anaplasma spp. This demonstrates the widespread occurrence of anaplasmosis in the region and poses a risk to public health as well as the economy. To maximize future strategic control programs and stop expansion to nearby nations, monitoring, species and subspecies identification, and control measure implementation are crucial tools.

A primiparous crossbred Jersey cow was presented with dystocia following prolonged labor and previous faulty manual intervention by untrained personnel, leading to amputation of both fetal forelimbs. Clinical examination revealed vaginal oedema. Per vaginal examination confirmed the presence of a dicephalic fetus. Cesarean section was performed to relieve the obstruction. Post-operatively, the cow exhibited downer cow syndrome due to prior trauma and prolonged recumbency, but recovered with supportive care. Necropsy of the fetus revealed two separate heads and tracheae, converging into a common thoracic cavity with a single set of lungs and one heart. This case highlights the importance of skilled obstetrical management and presents anatomical insights into rare dicephalic conjoined twins in cattle.

A eleven months old male non-descriptive dog was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu with the history of non–weight bearing lameness in both the hind limbs since birth. Animal was active and alert with all vital parameters were within the normal range. Physical examination revealed grade 4 lateral luxation of left patella and confirmed by radiography.Trochlear wedge recession sulcoplasty with tibial tuberosity repositioning was planned. Surgical site was aseptically prepared and under general anaesthesia, a cranial longitudinal incision on the skin and retinaculum was made to mobilize patella. Using osteotome a wedge-shaped bone was cut from trochlear groove and the sulcus was deepened laterally. The wedge was replaced into the sulcus in inverted manner. The tibial tuberosity was transported medially by partial osteotomy and a 1.2 mm Kwire were placed to fix the tibial tuberosity. The patella was replaced in its normal position. The retinaculum was sutured towards medially using synthetic absorbable suture material polyglycolic acid (2-0) by Ford interlocking suture pattern. Skin was opposed with polyamide (2-0) by cross mattress suture pattern. Crepe bandage was applied. Oral antibiotics, analgesics, and antacid drugs were followed for 7 days. The animal made uneventful recovery and able to walk with both the legs.

A 2-year-old male Kanni dog was presented to the Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu with a history of head tilt, unable to balance while walking and with suspicion of traumatic brain injury.   On clinical examination, neurological signs like compulsive walking, head tilt, circling, nystagmus, staggering gait, decreased proprioception and tactile reflexes were observed.    The blood samples were analyzed for hematological and biochemical profile analysis and all parameters were in normal range except mild leukocytosis.  The cerebro-spinal fluid was collected and neuron specific enolase (NSE), a neural biomarker was estimated.  The CSF was red-tinged and had elevated NSE value (41.42 ng/ml). Based on history, clinical signs and NSE values, the case was diagnosed as central vestibular disease. The animal was treated with polyionic fluids – inj. ringers lactate @ 10ml/kg I/V, inj. hydroxyprogesterone caproate @ 2mg/kg, I/M, inj. cefotaxime @ 25 mg/kg I/V and Inj. B Complex vitamins, I/V.  The animal was prescribed with oral micronized progesterone @ 5 mg/kg.  On day 7, only mild head tilt and nystagmus were noticed. On day 14 post therapy, the clinical signs were resolved and NSE value became normal.