SARS CoV-2 is a global pandemic threatening mankind and is causing great economic losses. Remedies are sought by eminent scientists throughout the world from various sources of available medicine. The search for the efficient drug candidate to combat the dreaded pandemic is still on. Caesalpinia sappan Linn. is a common medicinal herb having various medicinal properties like cytotoxic, antitumorigenic, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, immunostimulant, and hepatoprotective properties. In this study, a few promising phyto constituents of C. sappan were chosen and their effects against the important disease-causing protein receptors of SARS CoV-2 were studied in silico. Phytoconstituents of Caesalpinia sappan (Caesalpin J, Deoxysappanone B, Methylepisappanol, Methylsappanol, Quercetin) expressed superior or equivalent binding affinity against the three chosen receptors of SARS CoV-2 namely spike glycoprotein, main protease, and RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Hence, necessary in vivo studies may be undertaken to evaluate the antiviral properties of C. sappan against SARS CoV-2.

Atherosclerosis is one of the risk factors for coronary artery disease. The present study was conducted to find out the alleviative effect of ethanolic extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. against haemato-biochemical alterations of high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in Wistar rats. Fifty-four Wistar rats (male – 27 and female – 27) were randomly divided into six different groups: Group I (normal pellet feed), group II (high-fat diet), group III (root extract of Mirabilis jalapa L.), group IV (atorvastatin), group V (HFD + root extract of Mirabilis jalapa L.) and group VI (HFD + atorvastatin). The treatments were given from the 8thday to the 30th day in group V and group VI. Haematological parameters, hepatic enzymes, serum lipid profile and atherogenic indices were studied in HFD induced atherosclerosis. Ethanolic extract of M. jalapa L. (EEM) showed a highly significant reduction in lipid profile, atherogenic indices, hepatic enzymes (ALT and AST) compared with the HFD group. No significant differences were observed in the haematological values of all the groups. The results indicated that M. jalapa L. has a partial alleviative effect on HFD induced biochemical changes in the atherosclerotic rat.

Rapid, sensitive and accurate diagnosis of Leptospirosis in canines is very much helpful in areas of increased prevalence. This study aimed to visualise Recombinase Polymerase amplified DNA of pathogenic Leptospira for rapid diagnosis of Leptospirosis in canine. The Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) assay for amplifying the lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira was optimised. The visual detection of the amplified DNA by incorporating an optimised concentration of SYBR Green I dye in an indigenously built low-cost detection device was also optimised. Light green fluorescence was observed in the positive samples, while the negative samples appeared orange. The visual detection format of the RPA can be integrated as a point of a diagnostic test in any veterinary clinic or in remote areas where resource settings are limited.

Culicoides are the biting midges that are involved in the transmission of bluetongue, an economically important disease of small ruminants particularly sheep. The prevalence of Culicoides species in and around sheep farms of selected districts of Tamil Nadu was investigated by setting up UV- LED CDC traps. A total of 1787 specimens of Culicoides were collected, out of which Culicoides imicola was found to be in abundance. The other species included Culicoides oxystoma, Culicoides peregrinus, Culicoides brevitarsis and Culicoides fulvus. It was found that female midges outnumbered the male population in all the identified species. The overall percentage distribution of pigmented, non-pigmented, blood fed and gravid forms were observed to be 25.73%, 25.49%, 38.95% and 9.81% respectively. Morphological identification was complemented by molecular characterization using barcodes obtained by amplification of the mitochondrial eytochrome oxidase gene. The results of BLAST analysis revealed that all the other four species grouped with their respective species clusters except C. oxystoma which showed a higher degree of genetic divergence.

A Jersey crossbred cow was admitted with the history of dystocia. A large sized anasarcous fetus along with ascites and hydrocephalus was delivered after puncture and draining of Àuid using William's long obstetrical hook and traction.

Proventriculo-ventricular intussusception is the telescoping of proventricular portion of the avian stomach into the ventriculus. Even though occurrence of intestinal intussusceptions in chickens commonly observed, the reports on proventriculo-ventricular intussusceptions were very scarce. The study was done as a part of screening the gut lesions in the chicken carcasses for a period of one year and 18078 chicken carcasses of multiple age groups belonging to 15 pure line breeds and two commercial breeds were screened. Proventriculoventricular intussusceptions noticed in two female PD2/Vanaraja chicks of 4 days and 3 weeks of age and in a 9 weeks old male Nicobari grower. While the intussuscepted proventriculus of Vanraraja chicks had unremarkable inflammatory lesions, severe congestion of proventriculus along with koilin displacement in the anterior portions of ventriculus were evident in Nicobari grower. The present study, point out the occurrence of proventriculoventricular intussusception in young synthetic and native lines of chicken. 

Accurate detection of oestrus is a key factor for breeding and successful conception in buffaloes which is a major constraint in buffaloes. Protein concentrations of saliva and cervico vaginal fluid (CVF) were determined during various stages in normal cycling, silent oestrus and anoestrus buffaloes. Eighteen pluriparous buffaloes were selected and divided into Group I (regular oestrus; n=6), Group II (silent oestrus; n=6) and Group III (anoestrus n=6) buffaloes. Saliva was collected at proestrus, oestrus and diestrus stages of Group 1 and II animals and on a random day in Group III animals. CVF were collected only at oestrus stage of Group I and Group II buffaloes. Intense, intermediate and no oestrus signs were noticed in Group I, II and III buffaloes respectively. Non-significantly higher protein concentration was recorded in saliva and CVF during oestrus stage in Group I and II buffaloes.

An one and half years old tom cat weighing 5.2 kg was presented at Veterinary Clinical Complex, Navania, with the history of swallowing a sewing-needle along with the thread. Lateral radiograph was taken for confirmatory diagnosis. Diagnosis and a successful surgical retrieval of ingested 3.4 cms long sewing-needle attached with 17 cms long thread was carried out and the animal recovered by a week after surgery without any complications.

The effect of GnRH pretreatment on superovulatory response (SOR) and embryo yield in crossbred cattle was studied. Six crossbred cows were subjected to three superovulatory treatments: i. Control: Four day FSH schedule was initiated on Day 10 of the cycle ii. Gn-D8: GnRH was administered on Day 6 and FSH schedule was initiated on Day 8 and iii. Gn­D10: GnRH was administered on Day 6 and FSH schedule was initiated on Day 10. In control group, the mean SOR was 13.7 + 5.8 CL. In Gn-D8 group, the SOR is inconsistent (5.0 ± 1.7) with recovery of poor quality embryos, which was attributed to significantly higher progesterone concentration on the day of superovulatory oestrus. In Gn-D10 group, SOR (11.0 ± 1.6) and embryo yield were comparable to the control group. Transferable quality embryos were signcantly higher in Gn-D10 group which could be attributed to the follicular maturation under favourable endocrine environment. Thus, GnRH pretreatment in superovulation protocol ensured consistent SOR and increased yield of transferable quality embryos in crossbred cattle.

The objective of the study is to analyze the alterations in the protein profile of follicular cells in normal cyclic and acyclic anoestrus water buffaloes. Ovaries from sexually mature buffaloes were collected from abattoir and categorized into two groups viz., i. Cyclic and ii. Acyclic. In both the categories of ovaries, the follicular fluid (FF) was aspirated from all large follicles (> 9mm diameter) and small follicles (< 9 mm diameter) separately. FF was centrifuged and four categories of pelleted granulosa cells (CSG and ASG: Granulosa cells of small follicles in cyclic and acyclic groups respectively; CLG and ALG: Granulosa cells of large follicles in cyclic and acyclic groups respectively) were subjected for SDS-PAGE analysis. A total of 30 and 18 bands (from 7.1 to 209.0 kDa) were observed in CSG and CLG categories, while 16 bands in each of the ASG and ALG were recorded. It was observed that 40 per cent of bands present in the CSG group were not observed in CLG group. On the contrary, almost all the proteins found in ASG group were retained in the ALG group. It can be inferred that a group of small molecular weight granulosa cell proteins, correlating to IGF / IGFBP system, play a key role in providing a favorable proteo-genomic environment in the early stages of follicular development. In acyclic animals, retaining of such proteins in the large follicles indicated that the non-availability of metabolic factors needed for final maturation of follicles.