A one and half year old heifer was presented with a hard mass hanging from brisket region. The mass was oval shaped, 10 x15 cm in size, pedunculated with the base at the level of carpal joint. Cytological examination revealed melanocytes with the presence of numerous blackish melanin pigments in the cytoplasm. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was comprised of heavily pigmented spindle shaped cells, arranged in sheets with a large nuclei and abundant granular black pigment in the cytoplasm. Following surgical removal of the mass, the animal recovered with no recurrence. Based on clinical examination, cytology and histopathological findings, the growth was diagnosed as cutaneous melanoma.

A one year old, non descript doe presented with the history of straining to deliver and hanging of ruptured water bag from the vulva was diagnosed as dystocia. The attempts for manual extraction of foetus were failed and a dead emphysematous male foetus was removed by caesarean section. Hydrocephalus and prognathism were observed in the dead foetus. The doe uneventfully recovered postoperatively.

A pluriparous full-term pregnant buffalo was presented with a history of unproductive straining with improper relaxation of the vulva. Detailed obstetrical examination revealed the presence of two fetuses that were conjoined twins with attachment present at the sternal region of the thorax of the fetuses. The conjoined twins (Ziphopagus monster) were delivered per-vaginal by episiotomy technique.

Parasitic infestation is the primary aetiology of anaemia in goats. Chronic parasitic infestation being the most common cause for severe anaemia in addition to the elimination of aetiology, supportive therapy is necessary for the early regain of normal physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters. The present study was conducted at the Veterinary clinical complex, Veterinary College, Bidar. Six severely anaemic goats were selected for the present study to know the efficacy of iron sucrose as supportive therapy. Rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were recorded as per the standard procedures. Haemato-biochemical parameters were estimated on day 0 and day 15 of post therapy as per the standard procedures. Goats were promptly treated for the primary complaint, dipped, and dewormed to eliminate the Endecto parasites. Selected goats were supplemented with 50 mg of iron sucrose on every alternate day four times in 100 mL normal saline solution by slow intravenous route. A significant (p< 0.05) improvement was observed in physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters after 15 days of post therapy. 

The objective of the present study is to find out the scope and extent of utilization livestock farm service provided by the Agricultural Technology Information Center (ATIC), TANUVAS, Kattuppakam, Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu. The available records for a period of two years from January 2021 to December 2022 were analysed to study the number of farmers visited, and their purpose of visits at ATIC, Kattupakkam. The findings of the study revealed that a total of 1727 farmers visited ATIC, Kattupakkam in which majority (86.21%) respondents were males. Among the specific purpose of visits, purchase of fodder seeds (35.95%) was their high priority followed by purchase of publications (32.42%), farm advisory (13.60%), livestock feed (11.92%) and others (6.07%). On farm advisory, majority were benefited on goat farming (31.66%) than other livestock farming practices. It was concluded that during the study period more than 65% of farmers benefited through the purchase for fodder seeds and publication and around 68% of the livestock farmers were likely to be more specific in their purpose of visits at ATIC, Kattupakkam. 

A total of sixteen commonly available medicinal herbs (different parts) used in Indian traditional medicine were collected. The collected parts were, shade-dried, ground to fine powder and stored in air-tight containers. The samples were analyzed for proximate principles, acid-insoluble ash, gross energy, minerals and fatty acids. Emblica officinalis fruits had significantly (P < 0.05) highest moisture (88.67%), Moringa oleifera leaves had significantly (P < 0.05) highest crude protein (26.99 %), Coriandrum sativum seeds had significantly (P < 0.05) highest crude fibre (32.53%), Syzygium aromaticum buds had significantly (P < 0.05) highest crude fat (18.57 %), Mentha spicata leaves had significantly (P < 0.05) highest total ash (11.53 %), Allium sativum bulbs had significantly (P < 0.05) highest nitrogen-free extracts (90.14 %) and Murraya koenigii leaves had significantly (P< 0.05) highest acid insoluble ash (4.71 %). The gross energy content was significantly (P < 0.05) highest in Coriandrum sativum seeds (4605.33 Kcal/Kg). Azadirachta indica leaves had significantly (P < 0.05) highest calcium (2.99 %), Phyllanthus niruri leaves had significantly highest (P < 0.05) phosphorus (0.53 %), Andrographis paniculata stem and leaves had significantly (P < 0.05) highest copper (41.27 ppm), E. officinalis fruits had significantly (P < 0.05) highest iron (596.78 ppm) and S. aromaticum buds had significantly (P < 0.05) highest manganese (286.96 ppm). C. sativum seeds had significantly (P < 0.05) highest levels of oleic acid (73.76 %), T. foenum seeds had significantly (P < 0.05) highest levels of linoleic acid (36.43 %) and P. niruri leaves had the significantly (P < 0.05) highest levels of linolenic acid (51.78 %) Further studies are needed to quantify other bioactive compounds, to study their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties so that they could be used as alternatives to antibiotics / other drugs for livestock and poultry.

The sheep lungworm Dictyocaulus filaria is of world-wide distribution and causes verminous pneumonia which may result in weight loss and death of the infected sheep. The current investigation was carried out in an organized farm in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India during the period from 2012 to 2014. Infected sheep showed clinical illness varying from dullness, depression, moderate coughing, dyspnoea and labored breathing with little mortality. On necropsy, both larval and adult stages of lungworm were recovered from trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. The identity of the nematodes was confirmed as D. filaria based on the socks shaped spicules in males and anterior knob in the larva. Of the 55 animals, including 17 lambs examined during the study period, eight animals were confirmed to have died due to verminous pneumonia. Apart from that, in a few lambs, lung abscess was noticed. Though the infection was present throughout the year, the clinical illness was pronounced in dry summer (n=23) and rainy season of south west monsoon (n=19). The disease was managed by minimizing the exposure of lambs to the contaminated pasture and by deworming with two doses of levamisole hydrochloride @ 7.5 mg/ kg body weight at 21 day interval to control the lungworm infection in sheep.

A study was carried out in the month of September, 2022 to know the economics on rearing of indigenous (local) comparative broiler birds at the Poultry Unit of SCS college of Agriculture, Rangamati, Assam Agricultural University, Dhubri, Assam. For the study, day old chicks of indigenous and broiler, 100 numbers each were introduced in deep litter system of management. Broilers were marketed at the completion of 6 th week, while the indigenous birds were kept up to 8 th week and then marketed. Mean body weight was found to be 2082.67±14.85 g and 658.29±3.49 g in the case of broilers and indigenous birds at 6 th week and 8 th week respectively. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded as 1.64 and 2.29 for broiler and indigenous birds, respectively. The cost of production per kg bird is Rs.114.70 and Rs. 227.90 for broiler and indigenous birds respectively. The net profit calculated in production of broilers and indigenous was Rs. 5100.00 and Rs. 7450.00 respectively. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) in broiler and indigenous bird was found to be 1.22.1.00 and 1.53:1.00, respectively.

An intact female non-descript dog was brought to University Veterinary Hospital, with a complaint of a mass in the ventral abdomen and in-appetence. Clinical examination revealed a round ulcerated hard tumour like mass on the right inguinal mammary gland and a nodular friable tumour like mass on the vulval lips. Examination of the impression smears of the masses revealed, plasmacytoid pattern of canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT). On thoracic radiography, pulmonary metastasis was observed and the tumour was staged as T4N0M1. The tumour mass on the right inguinal mammary gland was surgically excised under general anaesthesia. Chemotherapy was adopted with vincristine sulphate (0.025 mg/Kg) at weekly intervals. Complete regression of vulval tumour was observed after 21 days of chemotherapy. Immunocytochemical localisation of vimentin antibody was done to assess the response to chemotherapy.

Cattle temperament is defined as the fear-related behavioral responses when exposed to human handling. As cattle temperament worsens, their response to human contact or any other handling procedures becomes more pronounced. The agitated and/or aggressive response expressed by cattle with excitable temperament when exposed to human handling can be attributed to their fear and consequent inability to cope with this situation. In addition to altered behavior, temperamental cattle may also experience changes in their body physiology, and the hormones produced during this fearrelated stress reaction influence several factors, such as growth and health. Within the cattle industry, producers select cattle for temperament, primarily for safety reasons. However, our recent studies demonstrate cattle temperament may also have productive and economic implications to beef operations. Stress increases stress hormones such as cortisol levels and results in lowering the levels of  reproductive hormones. Most cattlemen recognize that cattle under stress may not eat as well but may not know of its effect on reproductive behavior and physiology. This article will summarize our findings that could have an impact on the beef herd.