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Effect of some plant oils on reproductive activities in female albino rats Texte intégral
2019
Mabrouk, E.A. | Ali, K.M.; Nermeen | A. Helmy and Rehab | M.Reda
The present study aimed to determine the effect of adding plant oils; extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), sunflower and soybean to animal feed on serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels, histological structure of ovaries and in vitro maturation of oocytes (IVM). A total of 60 mature female Albino rats were used. Animals were divided equally into 5 groups; control group (received standard diet), group II (received EVOO), group III (received sunflower oil), group IV (received soybean oil) and group VI (received oil mixture which consist of sunflower and soybean oils). After 6 weeks of feeding oil addited diet, blood samples were collected from all rats throughout the different stages of estrous cycle. Sera were used for determination of serum E2 and P4 levels. Only females that were not in estrus were scarified after the last blood sample collection, ovaries were harvested for histopathological examination and for in vitro maturation. Results showed that none of oils led to ovarian changes except soybean oil and oil mixture, cause congestion of some ovarian blood vessels. It was also noted that the hormonal pattern didn’t differ significantly among different treatments within the same stage of the cycle, except for the group received oil mixture where E2 and P4 levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during metestrus and diestrus phases, respectively. In the treated groups, the highest significant (P < 0.05) oocyte recovery rate (RR) (5.43 ± 0.23% and 4.41± 0.13%) and maturation rate (MR) (79.17 ± 2.03% and 73.43 ± 1.97%) were attained after application of EVOO followed by sunflower oil, respectively. While the lowest values were calculated with the soybean oil and oil mixture (3.83 ± 0.13 % and 2.50 ± 0.16 %) and (68.18 ± 2.29 % and 62.50 ± 2.23 %), respectively. It could be concluded that EVOO as well as sunflower oil have a beneficial influence on ovarian functional performance, retrieval of high number of good quality oocytes and raise oocyte maturation.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Phylogenetic studies of larval digenean trematodes from freshwater snails and fish species in the proximity of Tshwane metropolitan, South Africa Texte intégral
2019
Esmey B. Moema | Pieter H. King | Johnny N. Rakgole
Phylogenetic studies of larval digenean trematodes from freshwater snails and fish species in the proximity of Tshwane metropolitan, South Africa Texte intégral
2019
Esmey B. Moema | Pieter H. King | Johnny N. Rakgole
The classification and description of digenean trematodes are commonly accomplished by using morphological features, especially in adult stages. The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of the genetic composition of larval digenean trematodes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from clinostomatid metacercaria, 27-spined echinostomatid redia, avian schistosome cercaria and strigeid metacercaria from various dams in the proximity of Tshwane metropolitan, South Africa. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using the extracted DNA with primers targeting various regions within the larval digenean trematodes’ genomes. Agarose gel electrophoresis technique was used to visualise the PCR products. The PCR products were sequenced on an Applied Bioinformatics (ABI) genetic analyser platform. Genetic information obtained from this study had a higher degree of discrimination than the morphological characteristics of seemingly similar organisms.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Phylogenetic studies of larval digenean trematodes from freshwater snails and fish species in the proximity of Tshwane metropolitan, South Africa Texte intégral
2019
Moema, Esmey B.(Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Department of Biology) | King, Pieter H.(Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Department of Biology) | Rakgole, Johnny N.(Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Department of Virology)
The classification and description of digenean trematodes are commonly accomplished by using morphological features, especially in adult stages. The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of the genetic composition of larval digenean trematodes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from clinostomatid metacercaria, 27-spined echinostomatid redia, avian schistosome cercaria and strigeid metacercaria from various dams in the proximity of Tshwane metropolitan, South Africa. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using the extracted DNA with primers targeting various regions within the larval digenean trematodes' genomes. Agarose gel electrophoresis technique was used to visualise the PCR products. The PCR products were sequenced on an Applied Bioinformatics (ABI) genetic analyser platform. Genetic information obtained from this study had a higher degree of discrimination than the morphological characteristics of seemingly similar organisms.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Risk of establishment of canine leishmaniasis infection through the import of dogs into South Africa Texte intégral
2019
Abdalla A. Latif | Bonginkosi Nkabinde | Brian Peba | Olivier Matthee | Ronel Pienaar | Antoinette Josemans | Daniel Marumo | Karien Labuschagne | Nada A. Abdelatief | Andreas Krüger | Ben J. Mans
Risk of establishment of canine leishmaniasis infection through the import of dogs into South Africa Texte intégral
2019
Abdalla A. Latif | Bonginkosi Nkabinde | Brian Peba | Olivier Matthee | Ronel Pienaar | Antoinette Josemans | Daniel Marumo | Karien Labuschagne | Nada A. Abdelatief | Andreas Krüger | Ben J. Mans
Canine leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania that affect dogs, humans and wildlife. Sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the primary vectors. Canine leishmaniasis is an exotic and controlled disease in South Africa. The main purpose of our risk assessment study was to evaluate the likelihood that this exotic disease could enter and be established in South Africa through importation of live dogs. Risk analysis to the spread of the disease follows the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) formal method of quantitative risk assessment documented as a step-by-step process. We have identified and discussed 11 possible risk factors involved in three steps for final assessment. The annual average number of diagnostic tests performed on imported dogs from 44 countries for 2011–2015 was 1158. Leishmania is reported to occur in 21/44 (47.7%) exporting countries. A total of 71.1% of Leishmania positive dogs were imported from these endemic countries. The yearly percentage of Leishmania positive dogs ranged from 0.2% to 2%. Three confirmed clinical and fatal cases of leishmaniasis in dogs of unidentified origin have been reported by our laboratory and the state veterinarians. The disease has been reported in neighbouring countries as well as the putative sandfly vectors. This study concluded that the risk for the introduction and degree of uncertainty of Leishmania in imported dogs in South Africa are moderate. Risk mitigation and recommendations such as investigations into possible occurrence of autochthonous leishmaniasis in the country, surveillance in its wildlife reservoirs and systematic surveillance of sandfly populations are discussed.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Risk of establishment of canine leishmaniasis infection through the import of dogs into South Africa Texte intégral
2019
Latif, Abdalla A.(University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Life Sciences) | Nkabinde, Bonginkosi | Peba, Brian | Matthee, Olivier | Pienaar, Ronel | Josemans, Antoinette | Marumo, Daniel | Labuschagne, Karien | Abdelatif, Nada A. | Krüger, Andreas(Bundeswehr Hospital Department of Tropical Medicine) | Mans, Ben J.(University of South Africa College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Department of Life and Consumer Sciences,University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Sciences Department of Tropical Veterinary Diseases)
Canine leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania that affect dogs, humans and wildlife. Sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the primary vectors. Canine leishmaniasis is an exotic and controlled disease in South Africa. The main purpose of our risk assessment study was to evaluate the likelihood that this exotic disease could enter and be established in South Africa through importation of live dogs. Risk analysis to the spread of the disease follows the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) formal method of quantitative risk assessment documented as a step-by-step process. We have identified and discussed 11 possible risk factors involved in three steps for final assessment. The annual average number of diagnostic tests performed on imported dogs from 44 countries for 2011-2015 was 1158. Leishmania is reported to occur in 21/44 (47.7%) exporting countries. A total of 71.1% of Leishmania positive dogs were imported from these endemic countries. The yearly percentage of Leishmania positive dogs ranged from 0.2% to 2%. Three confirmed clinical and fatal cases of leishmaniasis in dogs of unidentified origin have been reported by our laboratory and the state veterinarians. The disease has been reported in neighbouring countries as well as the putative sandfly vectors. This study concluded that the risk for the introduction and degree of uncertainty of Leishmania in imported dogs in South Africa are moderate. Risk mitigation and recommendations such as investigations into possible occurrence of autochthonous leishmaniasis in the country, surveillance in its wildlife reservoirs and systematic surveillance of sandfly populations are discussed.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Acaricidal activity of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of 15 South African plants against Rhipicephalus turanicus and their toxicity on human liver and kidney cells Texte intégral
2019
Gerda Fouche | Olubukola T. Adenubi | Tlabo Leboho | Lyndy J. McGaw | Vinny Naidoo | Kevin W. Wellington | Jacobus N. Eloff
Acaricidal activity of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of 15 South African plants against Rhipicephalus turanicus and their toxicity on human liver and kidney cells Texte intégral
2019
Gerda Fouche | Olubukola T. Adenubi | Tlabo Leboho | Lyndy J. McGaw | Vinny Naidoo | Kevin W. Wellington | Jacobus N. Eloff
Hot water and hydroethanolic (70:30) extracts were prepared from 15 plant species, which were investigated to discover eco-friendly and less expensive tick control methods as an alternative to synthetic acaricides. A contact bioassay was used to determine the acaricidal activity of these extracts against the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari: Ixodidae) at a concentration of 20% (200 mg/mL). The hydroethanolic extracts had better activity than the hot water extracts against R. turanicus. The hydroethanolic extract from Tabernaemontana elegans (leaves) had the best mortality (87.0%). This was followed by Calpurnia aurea (stems) with a mortality of 75.0%, Schkuhria pinnata (whole plant) with a mortality of 67.0% and Aloe rupestris (leaves) with a mortality of 66.6%. The toxicity of the plant extracts was also investigated and it was found that most of the hydroethanolic and hot water extracts were either safe or very safe on human Vero kidney and liver HepG2 cells. From this study, it was evident that botanicals have the potential to be developed as environmentally benign natural acaricides against R. turanicus.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Acaricidal activity of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of 15 South African plants against Rhipicephalus turanicus and their toxicity on human liver and kidney cells Texte intégral
2019
Fouche, Gerda(University of Pretoria Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Chemistry Department) | Adenubi, Olubukola T.(University of Pretoria Department of Paraclinical Sciences) | Leboho, Tlabo(Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Biosciences) | McGaw, Lyndy J.(University of Pretoria Department of Paraclinical Sciences) | Naidoo, Vinny(University of Pretoria Faculty Veterinary Science Biomedical Research Centre) | Wellington, Kevin W.(Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Biosciences) | Eloff, Jacobus N.(University of Pretoria Department of Paraclinical Sciences)
Hot water and hydroethanolic (70:30) extracts were prepared from 15 plant species, which were investigated to discover eco-friendly and less expensive tick control methods as an alternative to synthetic acaricides. A contact bioassay was used to determine the acaricidal activity of these extracts against the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari: Ixodidae) at a concentration of 20% (200 mg/mL). The hydroethanolic extracts had better activity than the hot water extracts against R. turanicus. The hydroethanolic extract from Tabernaemontana elegans (leaves) had the best mortality (87.0%). This was followed by Calpurnia aurea (stems) with a mortality of 75.0%, Schkuhria pinnata (whole plant) with a mortality of 67.0% and Aloe rupestris (leaves) with a mortality of 66.6%. The toxicity of the plant extracts was also investigated and it was found that most of the hydroethanolic and hot water extracts were either safe or very safe on human Vero kidney and liver HepG2 cells. From this study, it was evident that botanicals have the potential to be developed as environmentally benign natural acaricides against R. turanicus.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Detection of native interferon-γ in nyala (Tragelaphus angasii): Towards diagnosing tuberculosis Texte intégral
2019
Lezaan Roux | Alicia J. McCall | Anita L. Michel
Mycobacterium bovis is the main cause of tuberculosis in wildlife. In South Africa, African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) are a wildlife maintenance host while a number of other species are considered spillover hosts. Nyala (Tragelaphus angasii), a large antelope species from Southern Africa, is frequently traded and can be infected with M. bovis. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assays that detect cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to M. bovis infection have shown promise in elephants, rhinoceroses and buffaloes. The BOVIGAM® assay is a commercial IFN-γ release assay designed to detect tuberculosis in cattle and has been validated in buffaloes. We tested the suitability of the BOVIGAM® assay to detect native IFN-γ release in nyala. Blood samples collected from 17 nyalas were stimulated with different mitogens and IFN-γ release measured. We found that incubating whole blood with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore (PMA/CaI) resulted in the highest levels of IFN-y release. Samples stimulated with tuberculin purified protein derivatives of M. bovis (PPDb) and M. avium (PPDa) did not show significant IFN-γ production. An intradermal tuberculin test (IDT) and culture of tissues from 15 of the 17 culled nyala were also performed, which supported the findings of the BOVIGAM® assay, suggesting the potential value of this assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in nyala.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Seasonal activity of ticks infesting domestic dogs in Bejaia province, Northern Algeria Texte intégral
2019
Rosa Kebbi | Mohamed Nait-Mouloud | Lila Hassissen | Abdelhanine Ayad
Seasonal activity of ticks infesting domestic dogs in Bejaia province, Northern Algeria Texte intégral
2019
Rosa Kebbi | Mohamed Nait-Mouloud | Lila Hassissen | Abdelhanine Ayad
This epidemiological study aimed to determine the species of tick infestation in dogs, their prevalence and dynamic in the Bejaia province, northeastern Algeria. A total of 631 dogs were examined from different localities of the Bejaia province between March 2016 and February 2017. Of the 631 examined dogs, 15% were infested with one or more tick species. A total of 339 adult ticks were collected and identified, including 199 male tick species and 140 female tick species. Our results revealed that most of these were Rhipicephalus species, with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (51.32%) being the most prevalent followed by Rhipicephalus bursa (35.1%) and Rhipicephalus turanicus (12.98%). Ixodes ricinus represented only 0.6% of all ticks collected. The highest infested seasons were spring (22.55%) and summer (22.54%) and the lowest infested seasons were autumn (8.62%) and winter ( 0.9%). There is no significant difference between the sex of the animal and the prevalence of infestation (p = 0.837). Also, the prevalence of infestation by ticks in young animals was higher than that in adult animals (p = 0.550). A significant difference between the prevalence of infestation and animal breed was observed (p = 0.042). This study is the first epidemiological investigation conducted on the prevalence of hard ticks infesting domestic dogs in Bejaia (northeastern Algeria) based on conventional methods. It is therefore necessary to implement an effective tick control strategy during infestation periods in order to prevent vector-borne diseases.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Seasonal activity of ticks infesting domestic dogs in Bejaia province, Northern Algeria Texte intégral
2019
Kebbi, Rosa(University of Bejaia Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences Department of Environment Biological Sciences) | Nait-Mouloud, Mohamed(University of Bejaia Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences Department of Environment Biological Sciences) | Hassissen, Lila | Ayad, Abdelhanine(University of Bejaia Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences Department of Environment Biological Sciences)
This epidemiological study aimed to determine the species of tick infestation in dogs, their prevalence and dynamic in the Bejaia province, northeastern Algeria. A total of 631 dogs were examined from different localities of the Bejaia province between March 2016 and February 2017. Of the 631 examined dogs, 15% were infested with one or more tick species. A total of 339 adult ticks were collected and identified, including 199 male tick species and 140 female tick species. Our results revealed that most of these were Rhipicephalus species, with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (51.32%) being the most prevalent followed by Rhipicephalus bursa (35.1%) and Rhipicephalus turanicus (12.98%). Ixodes ricinus represented only 0.6% of all ticks collected. The highest infested seasons were spring (22.55%) and summer (22.54%) and the lowest infested seasons were autumn (8.62%) and winter ( 0.9%). There is no significant difference between the sex of the animal and the prevalence of infestation (p = 0.837). Also, the prevalence of infestation by ticks in young animals was higher than that in adult animals (p = 0.550). A significant difference between the prevalence of infestation and animal breed was observed (p = 0.042). This study is the first epidemiological investigation conducted on the prevalence of hard ticks infesting domestic dogs in Bejaia (northeastern Algeria) based on conventional methods. It is therefore necessary to implement an effective tick control strategy during infestation periods in order to prevent vector-borne diseases.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]THE EFFECTS OF 4̄,4 ̄̄ -(4,5,6,7-TETRAHYDRO- [1,2,3-] SELENADIAZOLO [4,5E] PYRIDINE-4,6-DIYL) BIS(BENZENE-1,3-DIOL) ON FERTILITY, REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES AND OVARIAN HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN FEMALE RATS TREATED WITH DIPYRONE. Texte intégral
2019
The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of [ 4’,4” -(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro- [1,2,3-] selenadiazolo[4,5e] pyridine-4,6-diyl) bis(benzene-1,3-diol)] (T) on female fertility and reproductive hormones, in addition histopathological examination of ovaries in comparison with the effects of Metamizole or Dipyrone (Di). Four groups of mature female rats each group consist of ten healthy female rats. Three groups received T and /or Di dissolved in drinking water 2mL (DW), the forth group received 2 mL of (DW) for 20 days before mating and ten days after mating. The results indicated that there was a significant increase in the number of births of (T) group (13.70±3.34) compared to DW group (9.7±1.06). Also, significant decline in T&Di group to (6.91±0.32), with no pregnancies reported in Di treated group. The pregnancy percentage was in T&Di group basically decline to 40% compare with T and DW groups 100%. Follicle stimulating Hormone (FSH) level showed a significant elevation (p<0.05) in T group (5.19mIU/mL ±0.72), and T&Di (5.12 mIU/mL ±0.78) compared with DW (1.61mIU/mL±0.52), and Di (1.46 mIU/mL ±0.60) groups. LH concentration of T (1.88 mIU/mL ±0.48), and T&Di (1.67 mIU/mL ±0.41) groups LH values than in DW (1.75 mIU/mL ±0.67). Only in Di group (0.88 mIU/mL ±0.48) LH value reduced significantly (p<0.05) than in other test groups. T group (17.22 mIU/mL ±4.50) progesterone level; also T&Di group progesterone level (10.11 mIU/mL ±2.05) statistically important increase, while Di group there is essentially decreased (p<0.05) to (2.69 mIU/mL±0.89) compare to DW (6.31 mIU/mL ±1.41). Histopathological results showed that ovarian section of Di group disclosed large cystic corpus luteum CC.L, absence of Graafian Follicles and follicles at different stages of development. T group section showed normal Graafian follicles and different follicles in developmental stages, as well as there were several persistence corpus luteum. Ovary of T&Di female rats relieves improvement of some Graafian follicles, Cystic corpus luteum (CC.L). Furthermore, there was some of clear C.L. It can be concluded that T compound had a Good effect on the level of reproductive hormones and increase fertility in female rats. While Di long term treatment had bad effects on female fertility, by affecting reproductive hormones levels and pathological change of ovaries.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PLATELETE RICH PLASMA FOR TREATMENT OF INDUCED CUTANEOUS ULCER IN DIABETIC RABBITS INDUCED BY STREPTOZOTOCIN Texte intégral
2019
The present study investigates the effect of platelets rich plasma (PRP) on the healing of skin ulcers in rabbits in which diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced using Streptozotocin. The study was applied on 12 adult rabbits of both sexes with a mean weight of 1000-1500 g. They were divided randomly into two equal groups (six rabbits per group). DM was induced in two groups by injected Streptozotosin 65 mg / kg B.W IV. Ulcers were made in 3 cm length and 2 cm width in all rabbits in the gluteal region under the general Anesthesia by mixture of xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride in sterile conditions. The first group was used as control; the second group was treated with platelets rich plasma on the site of ulcers. The first group in the 7 days, showed large ulcers and pus; in the 14 days, were ulcers continued with thickened epidermal. The second group, in the 7days, showed skin ulcers with dermal thickening and a beginning of skin formation. In the 14th days, the treated group showed small ulcer remaining with dermal fibrosis.ELISA results have been shown the effect of platelets rich plasma on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) concentration in the blood after 10 days of skin lesions inducing. The natural concentration of TNFα is 6.4 pg/ml in range (4.2-7.9) pg/ml. The first group had a concentration below 5.3 pg/ml, due to the DM. The second group was highly concentrated in 10.4 pg/ml. The results of the histopathological and ELISA confirmed that there are marked healing and elevating TNFα concentration in the treated group.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]ABILITY OF Leishmania donovani TO CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION IN EXPERIMENTAL BALB/C MICE Texte intégral
2019
The aim of the current study was to investigate the ability of the transmission of Leishmania donovani parasite from pregnant mothers to their embryos in experimental BALB/c mice. After 5 days of copulation males with females,females were injected with 1012 parasite/ml of promastigote stage through the tail vein, which is grown in NNN-medium. This study demonstrated parasite ability to congenital transmission from mothers to their embryos by placenta through the appearance of amastigote in tissue sections of liver and bone marrow of infected mice fetusescompared with uninfected fetuses. I
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]EFFECT OF FEEDING OF HEAD LETTUCE AND ALFALFA ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN ADULT MALE RABBITS Texte intégral
2019
The present objective was done for investigate the ameliorative feeding effect of Lactuca sativa and alfalfa on growth performance and reproductive parameters (concentration of hormones, characteristic of sperm epididymal in adult male rabbits). Twelve adult male rabbits were divided randomly in to two groups. Control group (G1) animals feeding on alfalfa (1kg/day/animal) for 6 weeks. Group Two (G2) this group feeding on head lettuce (1kg/day/animal) for 6 weeks. The result revealed significantly increase in serum testosterone, LH and FSH concentration and significantly differences were observed in sperm concentration, viability, abnormality and decrease significantly in motility of sperm in group feeding on head lettuce compared to the group feeding on alfalfa.
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