This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dry period lnghts (DPLs) on the udder health and fertility during the subsequent lactation. The impact of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM) on the reproductive efficiency were also investigated. Holstein-Friesian cows (n=894) were included in the study of udder health, of which only multiparous cows (n=499) were included in the investigation of the impact of different DPLs on the udder health and reproductive efficacy in the subsequent lactation. Cows were classified according to the DPLs into 3 groups: Short (SDPL, <40 d), Traditional (TDPL, 40-60 d) and Long (LDPL, >60 d). A limit of 200,000 somatic cell/mL milk was established to separate between healthy and mastitic udder status. Accordingly, samples with 500,000-1,000,000 cell/ml were referred to cows affected with SCM and samples with >1,000,000 cells/ml were mentioned to cows affected with CM. A higher proportion of infected udder was detected in cows with LDPL (39.19%) Moreover, a higher proportion of SCM was recorded for cows with LDPL (17.57%) compared with that recorded for cows with SDPL (8.0%) and TDPL (6.13%). A higher proportion of CM was recorded for cows with a long dry period (LDP, 8.11%) compared with that recorded for cows with SDPL (4.0%) or with TDPL (4.8%). Cows with SDPL showed the best intervals reproductive indices compared with that recorded for both TDPL and LDPL. Furthermore, LDPL was found to be associated with significantly lower CR (33.11±2.91%), lower PR (50.39±3.97%) and higher NSPC (1.98±0.37) compared with values that recorded for either SDPL or TDPL. Cows with either SCM or CM showed the longest interval reproductive indices, less CR and PR and number of inseminations to become pregnant compared with healthy udder cows. A lower proportion of affected udder was recorded for Primiparous cow (24.3%) compared with that showed by multiparous cows (32.46%). Cows affected with mastitis during the voluntary waiting period (VWP) showed longer intervals to the first detected estrus and first services while those affected during the service period (SP) showed longer calving to conception intervals, lower CR and lower PR especially when the SCC exceed 500,000 cell/ml milk. Cows experienced udder infection during the SP showed the lowest PR (32.54% & 36.44%) and required more NSPC. In conclusion, a significant linkage among different dry period lengths and both the incidence of mastitis and fertility were recorded, with the best results were recorded for cows with TDPL and SDPL. Extending the dry period above 60 days increased the incidence of both clinical and subclinical mastitis and exerted a negative impact on the reproductive performance. The occurrence of mammary infection during the VWP increased the calving to first estrus and first service intervals, while its occurrence during the SP prolonged the days open, and extremely reduced the conception and pregnancy rates.

No abstract available.

Present study was carried to evaluate the toxicity of the Pb and Cd elements on the larvae of Culexquinquefasciatus. In the laboratory 5 concentrations of lead nitrate and cadmium nitrate , namely 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg\l and 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg\l of Pb and Cd respectively in each concentration 10 larvae were introduce beside there was a control (0mg/l). Statically analysis results declare that 1st and 2nd instars effected significantly in comparison with the control .Mortality percentage reached 28, 38.7, 48, 58, and 73.5 % in concentration 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg\l respectively of lead nitrate. On the other hand, cadmium nitrate mortality percentage reached 44, 55, 65, 74.5, and 79.5 % in concentration 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg\l respectively. Also, LC50 was going higher as the larva going older, measured 14.7, 16.9 for 1st and 2ndinstars and 22.3 and 41.4 for 3rd and 4th instars. On the other hand, cadmium nitrate appeared more effect than Leadnitrate with LC50 &nbsp;of 0.9, 1.05, 1.3, and 1.8 mg\l for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars respectively.

The current study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective effect of Ocimum basilicum seeds oil and Linum usitatissimum seeds oil on some physiological parameter and histopathological changes when induced acute myocardial infarction in rabbits by isoproterenol.Thirty-six male rabbits were divided into six groups: group (C): control negative,group (ISO): received isoproterenol (control positive), (BP) group: basil seed oil protective group, (FP) group: flaxseed oilprotective group, (BT) group: basil seed oil treated group and (FT)group: flax seed oil treated group. The results showed thata significant decrease in the biomarker enzymes(CK-MB, LDH, AST, ALT and ALP) concentration and serum MDA in the BP, FP, BT, and FT groups compare with ISO group. In addition to that, the basil oil and flaxseed oil protect and improvement histopathological findings in the myocardium tissue of isoproterenol effect.

The present study was aimed to investigate the intraglandular duct system pattern in a parotid salivary gland in both gazelle and sheep. Eight parotid glands were used, three types of contras media were used, and some radiological parameters Kv. 80, time exposure&nbsp; 10 msec with focus film distance&nbsp; 80 cm. The radiological results showed that the parotid salivary gland in gazelle made up of five lobes, the intraglandular duct system appear as highly branched, and the main execratory duct formed inside the gland by union of five lobar ducts, while in sheep the gland appear formed from three-lobe and main duct formed from three lobar ducts inside the gland .

One hundred fifty cheese samples were collected between 8 October 2017 to February 2018. Fifty samples from each&nbsp; cows , buffalos and sheep. The sample transferred to TSB (tryptone soy broth) and PBS (Phosphate buffer saline) for enrichment and cooled enrichment procedure respectively. Using Yersinia selective agar TSB enrichment showed high percentage of suspected Yersinia isolation. Eleven isolates from cow cheese (22%), 10 isolates from buffaloes cheese (20%) and&nbsp; 8 isolates from sheep cheese (12%). In contrast PBS enrichment showed better selectivity to reduce bacterial number other than suspected Yersinia enterocolitica isolates.&nbsp; The results indicate there were 8 isolates from cow cheese (22%), 9 isolates from buffaloes cheese (20%) and 7 isolates from sheep cheese (16 %). The suspected colonies that grow on selective agar and having bull eye appearance were subjected to biochemical identification. The results showed that cow and buffaloes cheese were contaminated with this bacterium at the percentage of&nbsp; 8% and 6% respectively. Sheep cheese was also contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica at a percentage of 4 %. The total percentage of isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from all animals were 6.%.. The isolated strains were highly susceptible toward azithromycin, streptomycin, and Gentamycin, followed by Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol (93.3%). The low susceptibility was found toward vancomycin (6.66%) followed by Cloxacillin (33.3%). The result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for enterotoxin genes, &nbsp;ystA and ystB were investigated by PCR using a pair of primers for each. The results showed that ystA gene was absent in all nine investigated strains while ystB gene was present in four strain at a ratio of 44.4%.

&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The functions of&nbsp; the ovaries are controlled by many&nbsp; &nbsp;exogenous and endogenous factors,&nbsp; including changes in the biochemical and endocrine glands that occur in the follicular fluid during the breeding season in the bitches. The aim of this study was&nbsp; to determine and compare the concentrations some hormonal in the peripheral circulation and follicular fluid of bitches during the breeding season.&nbsp; For this purpose, ovaries collected from adult bitches immediately after ovariectomy,&nbsp; and blood samples were&nbsp; also collected from these bitches before and after season. The follicular fluid and blood serum samples were analyzed for hormonal concentrations using commercial kits. &nbsp;The results showed that&nbsp; the concentrations of estrogen,&nbsp; progesterone and testosterone&nbsp; in blood serum at season (54.31&plusmn;0.49, 20.75 &plusmn;0.12, 0.75&plusmn;0.05) respectively. While the concentrations of estrogen,&nbsp; progesterone and testosterone in blood serum at out season (10.88&plusmn;0.39, 0. 61&plusmn;0.036, 0.063&plusmn;0.042) respectively.The concentrations of estrogen,&nbsp; progesterone and testosterone in follicular fluid at season (69.9&plusmn;0.44, 28.46&plusmn;0.82, 0.331&plusmn;0.65) respectively. While&nbsp; the concentrations of estrogen,&nbsp; progesterone and testosterone in follicular fluid out season (there are no found ovarian follicles).&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The present study a significantly higher (P&lt; 0.05) in blood serum and follicular fluid&nbsp; at &nbsp;season than &nbsp;that out season blood serum.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Cloves (Syzyguim Aromaticum L.) represent very interesting plant that has been used for many medicinal purposes such as treatment of convulsions due to its potent antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-convulsant effect of aqueous extract of Syzyguim Aromaticum L. (cloves) at the doses (100,200,300 mg/kg), sodium valproate (200mg/kg) act as reference standard on serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) concentration and cholinesterase (ChE) activity in serum and brain, electrolytes (sodium Na+, potassium K+, chloride Cl- and total calcium Ca+2), glucose and total protein in serum of chicks after induction of seizures by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a plant used in traditional medicine as anticonvulsant. 72 chicks were recruited in this study were randomly divided into 6 groups of 12 each. Negative control received normal saline, positive control was given only PTZ, group III was given sodium valproate orally. The rest of three groups were given the extract at previous concentrations given through oral role. Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous extract of cloves revealed the presence of psychoactive compounds such as flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, tannins, and alkaloids. The present work suggest that the aqueous extract of&nbsp; plant had increased level of T-AOC,GABA and ChE in serum of chicks, which were decreased due to the susceptibility to PTZ induced seizure, and decreased the concentration of Na+ and glucose in the serum. We reported that the cloves extract had quite low effect against PTZ induced seizure in spite of their positive effect on different biochemical parameters in serum; this may be due to the low concentration of doses used, which may be in adequate to produce obvious behavioral results.

This research was already prescribed for the identification and serotyping of Salmonella isolates from 205 samples totally different, including frozen chicken meat(thigh, wings, liver, 40 samples for each one), 40 samples of frozen beef meat 4 &nbsp;and fresh beef meat ( liver, muscle, and ground beef , 15 each ) in Basrah throughout the amount between 4th October 2017 to 27th February2018. Results showed that the overall rate of Salmonella isolates were 22.4 percent by conventional victimization isolation of Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar (XLD).The highest percentagewas appeared in liver of imported frozen chicken meat (80%), while the lowest percentage was in liver of local fresh beef (6.6%). The results of identification of Salmonella by conventional biochemical test and API 20 E system were76.0% and 84% , respectively, while the results of PCR technique by using 16srRNA was( 20/20)100% . The result of serotyping on Salmonellaisolates revealed that serotype SalmonellaTyphimurium (40%), whereas the lower number was Salmonella serotype Kentucky&nbsp; (15%).