The present study aims to evaluate the effects of metformin in combination with vitamin B12 and folic acid on lipid profiles and serum homocysteine levels in male rabbits. The study included twenty-four male rabbits that weighed (1.5-2 kg), and were divided randomly into four groups (six rabbits/group). The control first group was administrated (5 ml) of distilled water; The second group was given metformin (125g/kg B.W) plus vitamin B12 (500 μg/kg B.W) daily, the third group was given metformin (125g/kg B.W) plus folic acid (5g/kg B.W) daily and the fourth group was given metformin (125g/kg B.W), folic acid (5g/kg B.W) and vitamin B12 (500 μg/kg B.W) daily, the rabbits were followed up for one month. The results revealed a decrease in the final body weight and body weight gain in all treated groups as compared to the control group.  The homocysteine parameter decreases significantly in the second group which was given metformin and B12 and the third group was given metformin in combination with folic acid as compared with the control group and group four. It showed a significant decrease in the fourth group (metformin + folic acid + vitamin B12) compared with the second and third groups also the glucose level increased significantly in group three compared to group second, fourth, and control group. The results showed that serum cholesterol and TG have decreased in G2 and G3 while an increase in G4 as compared with the control group, and the HDL was decreased in G2 and G4 compared with control and G3 groups. While the results of LDL and VLDL were increased in G3 and G4 compared with G2 and the control group

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common serious stirring disease of the pancreas characterized by strict abdominal twinge that lasts for days to weeks. Rats were injected with high dose of the amino acid L-arginine (500 mg/kg B.W.). The study has been done to induce acute pancreatitis (AP) by L-Arginine (Arg) and to investigate the effect of AP on body weight, body weight gain, serum amylase, lipase, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine parameters. In addition, some histopathological changes in pancreas and intestine were examination in male rats. Serum amylase, lipase, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and MDA levels significantly increased in rats with L-Arginine induced AP.  However, the boy weight and body weight gain, serum GPx, SOD and CAT activity significantly reduced. In addition, some histological changes in pancreas and intestine were identified, reversed and improved with ALA treatment.  

This case was recorded in Basra province, southern Iraq, in February 2018. A case of a pregnant camel was reported in the last days of pregnancy, according to the owner of the animal and the date of the case. As soon as the case was received at the veterinary consulting clinic at the College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Basra, the camel was suffering from labor contractions for two days, without the appearance of fetal fluids or a fetal sac (water bag). The animal was manually examined vaginally, and it was found that there was a twisting of the uterus (uterine torsion) in a counterclockwise direction of 180 degrees. The decision was made by the specialists that a cesarean section should be performed. A cesarean section was performed and a dead fetus was extracted. The necessary dealings were taken after the operation and instructions were given to the owner to take care of the animal and to complete the required treatments.

The current study was done in the hatchery unit/ animal production department/ directorate of agricultural research in Sulaimani province from 28 March – 7 May 2022. Three hundred (300) eggs were used to study the effect of egg shape parameters on the characteristics of hatched chicks. Immediately after collecting the eggs, the eggs were weighted by using electronic balance (0.01 g) sensitive, and the length and Breadth for each egg was measured by using digital caliper vernier with (0.01 mm) sensitive. Our result indicates that the chick color was affected by the egg weight and the egg breadth (P<0.05) but another studied traits was not significantly affected on the characteristics of hatched chicks.

The present study aimed to detection and identified the infection of Mycoplasma haemocanis in dogs through clinical manifestation, blood film, conventional PCR technique and sequences analysis. The total number of dogs examined clinically were one hundred, and 25 clinically healthy control in southern Iraq provinces. Examined dogs showed various clinical signs. Blood samples were taking for hematological and biochemical analysis. 72 (72%) of blood smear were positive for Mycoplasma haemocanis, whereas 33(45.8%) positive based on conventional PCR technique. hematological examination in infected animals showed a significant decrease in mean of TRBC, Hb and PCV and significant increase (p>0.05) in the TLC. biochemical examination indicates a significant increase in AST, ALP and ALT in infected animals. The local Mycoplasma haemocanis were showed genetic variant related to NCBI-BLAST Mycoplasma haemocanis Turkey, Thailand, Brazil, and India isolates. In conclusion Mycoplasma haemocanis have been diagnosed in dogs in Basrah city with various clinical manifestation from in apparent to sever anemia, emphasized the infection using conventional PCR technique, and Phylogenetic analysis confirm the identification of Mycoplasma haemocanis as a new submission of local Iraq, with 99% identical to India, Brazil, Thailand and Turkey DNA sequence.

The present study was designed to determine the adverse effect of sodium benzoate (SB), vitamin C (Vit.C) alone and their combination on liver and kidney functions in rabbits. Thirty-six adult male rabbits were divided randomly into six equal groups. Group 1 (Control group) received orally distal water, group 2: Vit.C (200mg/kg BW/day) received orally, group 3: received orally SB (60 mg/kg BW/day), group 4: received orally SB (120 mg/kg BW/day). Group 5: received orally SB+Vit.C (60+200 mg/ kg BW/day) and group 6: received orally SB+Vit.C (120+200 mg/ kg BW/day). The result revealed a significant increment in ALT, AST, ALP and MDA in groups 4, 5 and 6 while total protein levels increased in G3 and G4 and decrease in G5 and G6 compared to control and another treated groups. The urea and creatinine levels increased in G5 and G6 as compared to another groups. In conclusion that SB administration alone and together with Vit.C caused adverse effect on liver and kidney functions compared to the group treated with the Vit.C alone and control groups.

  The current study was designed to assess some critical mineral elements concentration in the serum of camels using advanced methods like Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analysis (SEM-EDS) using scanning electron microscope of minute camel’s blood. The present study was conducted on forty-eight healthy adult males and females of camel (Camelus dromedarius) aged three to five years in three southern governorates of Iraq: Basra, Thi-Qar and Muthana (6 males and 10 females per governorate). Blood samples were applied to field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to recognize the essential cellular morphological properties found in camel’s RBCs that assist camels to adaptation on harsh condition. While, serum was subsequently assayed for elemental analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM images of RBCs showed a smooth surface with a circumference invagination referred to tropical waist with difference in length and width of RBCs between male and female. While, EDS percentage atomic concentrations study of camel’s serum revealed different amount of essential, heavy and rare trace elements in both sexes from the Basra and Thiqar governorate and different levels in essential elements in the serum of both sexes of Thiqar and Muthana governorates.  

This study includes three parts: isolation of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroid fragilis from 94 stool samples collected from different hospitals in Baghdad city from the beginning of March/2020 to the end of April/2021. Stool samples were streaked on BBE media in an anaerobic condition for 24-48h. Identification of Fragilis was done based on morphological characteristics on BBE media: gray convex small rounded colonies surround black zone colonies and molecular method using specific genes 16S rRNA and bft gene. Results showed 34 Fragilis isolates were positive for the 16S rRNA gene and 5 Fragilis positive for the bft gene were classified as Enterotoxigenic Fragilis (ETBF). ETBF isolate which was positive for the bft gene and 16S rRNA was purified by using the Van Tassel method. 30 male mice were divided into three groups with 10 mice for each group the first group as control, the second group is positive control mice administered daily2% dextran sulfate sodium for 30 days, the third group mice administered by stomach tube 2%DSS for 10 days after 10 days mice administered with 20 µg of bft toxin by stomach tube for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, all groups of mice were killed by euthanized ethics. Tissue samples (liver, intestine, and spleen) from mice were removed. The organs were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histological techniques. Histopathological changes in the third group, in the liver section of a mouse inoculated with DSS+bft toxin, showed: necrotic hepatocytes and dilated sinusoids with hemorrhage. Histopathological changes in the intestine section of a mouse inoculated with DSS+bft toxin showed: sloughing and degenerated villi and shorten villi. Histopathological changes in the spleen section of a mouse inoculated with DSS+bft toxin showed: amyloid infiltration and all lymphoid follicles depleted with necrotic lymphocytes

A total of twenty-six local chickens were representing shank feathering and non-feathering shank were used to sequence five QTLs, which associated with shank feather trait in chicken. The five location sequence results were shown polymorphism between the shank feathering and non-feathering shank. All the candidate markers were differed between the shank feather and non-feathering shank. The big distance was in (ADL221), and the less distance was in marker MCW315.

The present study has been conducted for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites isolated from cats and dogs in Basrah province from November 2018 to January 2019. One hundred fecal samples were collected from cats and dogs. Samples were submitted to the parasite’s lab in college of veterinary medicine of Basrah university. for diagnoses by direct microscopic examination and concentration methods. Gastrointestinal parasites of cat identified in this study were: Toxascaris leonine 58.8%, Toxoplasma gondii 11.7, Isospora spp   11.7%, Entamoeba spp.17.6% , and for dog were Dipylidium caninum 21%, Toxocara canis 10.5%, Isospora canis 36.8%, Cryptosporidium spp. 5.2%, Giardia spp. 10.5%, Entamoeba spp. 5.2% , Ancylostoma caninum 10.5%,