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International audience | Avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1) viruses of the lentogenic pathotypes are often isolated from wild aquatic birds and may mutate to high pathogenicity when they cross into poultry and cause debilitating Newcastle disease. This study characterised AMPV-1 isolated from fresh faecal droppings from wild aquatic birds roosting sites in Uganda. Fresh faecal samples from wild aquatic birds at several waterbodies in Uganda were collected and inoculated into 9-10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. After isolation, the viruses were confirmed as APMV-1 by APMV-1-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cleavage site of the fusion protein gene for 24 representative isolates was sequenced and phylogenetically analysed and compared with representative isolates of the different APMV-1 genotypes in the GenBank database. In total, 711 samples were collected from different regions in the country from which 72 isolates were recovered, giving a prevalence of 10.1%. Sequence analysis of 24 isolates revealed that the isolates were all lentogenic, with the typical 111GGRQGR'L117 avirulent motif. Twenty-two isolates had similar amino acid sequences at the cleavage site, which were different from the LaSota vaccine strain by a silent nucleotide substitution T357C. Two isolates, NDV/waterfowl/Uganda/MU150/2011 and NDV/waterfowl/Uganda/MU186/2011, were different from the rest of the isolates in a single amino acid, with aspartate and alanine at positions 124 and 129, respectively. The results of this study revealed that Ugandan aquatic birds indeed harbour APMV-1 that clustered with class II genotype II strains and had limited genetic diversity.

Urinary bladder tumors in cats, unlike in dogs, usually appear outside of the trigonal region as localization. These tumors are confused withurinary tract infections associated with hematuria in a clinical sense. Cytological examination and ultrasound (USG) imaging techniques arevery valuable, but histopathological approach is the golden key. In this case neutered male, mixed, 17-year-old cat was brought to the clinicwith non-obstructive hematuria attacks. A superficial hypoechoic mass located at the apex of the urinary bladder was detected in the USG imagingtechnique. No discernible findings were found by cytological examination. After removal of the suspected area, the biopsy specimen waspresented to the pathology department for histopathological examination. Histopathological examination revealed transitional cells coveringentire surface of the mucosal epithelium and showing growth into the lumen, and they were characterized by mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis.The patient was diagnosed as in-situ non-papillary, non-infiltrating type of transitional cell carcinoma (in-situ carcioma). These tumorsare quite rare and have better prognosis. The condition of the patient was completely resolved without medical treatment in the postoperativeperiod. When this case report was prepared, 6 months after the operation, there was no recurrence in the patient. Contrary to infiltrative urinarybladder tumors, in-situ carcinoma could be completely cured by surgically, therefore the case was found worthy to be presented.

A meningocele case has been observed on a one-day-old male Akkaraman lamb, brought to the Surgery Clinic, Animal Hospital and University of Fırat. When we examined the animal, there was a fluctuating mass about 15 cm diameter size in the occipital area. We decided to surgical operating to this case of meningocele which is rare and usually does not respond favorably to treatment. Under a general anesthesia firstly liquid was drained out from the mass by using cannula. Then the excess skin piece was removed with the incision in a controlled manner. Approximately 2 mm diameter hole was closed which opened into the medullary canal by using sutures. At the same time, processus spinosus of first cervical vertebrae was seen that the 2 cm longer than normal. After cutting the excess bone part, the head skin was sutured with using 2-0 suture. The patient received parenteral antibiotics for 5 days. After 2 months the operation, it was observed that he continued his life in a very healthy. This case was thought to report because it is a rarely seen type of anomaly in lamb and respond favorably to the operation in this case.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sezon dışı dönemde değişik oranlardaki α-tokoferolün koç spermasının dondurulabilirliğine etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmada 4 adet Merinos koçu (2- 3 yaşlarında ve Bademli/Burdur’da özel bir işletmede) kullanıldı. Elektroejakülatör kullanılarak koçlardan alınan ejakulatlardan > %80 motilite ve 1.5 x109 spermatozoa/ml üzerinde yoğunluğu bulunan ejakulatlar birleştirildi. Birleştirilen ejakulat beş eşit gruba ayrılarak 0 mg (kontrol), 100 μM, 200 μM, 400μM or 800 μM α-tokoferol içeren tris ile sulandırıldı, 4 C⁰’de ekibrilasyon yapılarak mini payetlerde donduruldu ve sıvı azotta depo edildi. Payetler daha sonda spermatolojik analizler için 37 C⁰’de 30 sn çözdürüldü. Kontrol grubuna (37.50±7.90; 26.85±3.17) göre sırası ile en yüksek motilite ve membran bütünlüğü 100 μM grupta (47.77±4.40; 34.83±2.64) tespit edildi (p<0.05). Ayrıca gruplar arası anormal sperma muayene sonuçlarında istatistiksel bir farklılık bulunmadı (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, 100 μM α-tokoferol koç sperma dondurma sulandırıcılarına kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında sezon dışında motilite ve membran bütünlüğünü iyileştirdiği için eklenmelidir.

Histopathological indices have been largely used as biomarkers in the monitoring of fish health status during exposure to heavy metals, both inthe experimental and environmental studies. The aims of the present study was to provide baseline data on the prevalence of histopathologicalliver lesions in marine fishes (case study of liver histopathology at mercury exposure) under experimental mercury exposure and to comparethe sampling areas in terms of the types and prevalence of lesions present, for monitoring purposes. Experimental study was at seawaterre-circulatory tanks. Mercury concentrations were determined using a standard cold vapor atomic absorption. Histopathological analyses weredone in tissue processor and the slides were stained with haematoxylin and counter stained with eosin. There were many liver lesions in botharea include enlarged and lateral nuclei, nuclear degeneration and vacuolation; oncotic, apoptic, focal, massive, centrilobular and periportalnecrosis; atrophy, lipidosis, hydropic and cloudy swelling, oval cell proliferation; bile stagnation, dilation of sinusoid, intracellular edemaand dark granules. In conclusion the present investigation indicated that mercury is a toxic substance in seabream and the sub-lethal mercuryconcentrations tested may cause several changes in the histological indices of the studied fish and we can use these changes as biomarkers ofmercury detection.

A single male specimen of the burrowing goby, Trypauchen vagina (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), was caught at a depth of 30 m from the Arsuz coast, Turkey by a trammel net on 17 October 2017. Total length (TL) of the specimen measured as 206 mm. Measurements of the specimen were given and the geographical distribution of the species in the Mediterranean was documented. Although this is the third record of T. vaginafrom the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, the paper is the first report of an adult male specimen of T. vagina from southern coast of Turkey and confirms the extension of the species towards southeastern Mediterranean in the region. The finding of T. vagina in Arsuz coast suggests the habitat expansion of the species. As a result of this study a gap is filled relating to the geographic distribution of this species in the easternMediterranean coast of Turkey.

In this study, it was aimed to explain the rehabilitation of streams, rivers and fish and the data obtained from the world and our country, as wellas on-site observations and photographs taken as a result of comparative analysis and conclusions and recommendations have been made. DSİ,Ministry of Forestry and Water Works, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, Ministry of Environment and Forestryare in charge of stream improvement works in our country. It has seen that the river improvement work started with good intentions but thewrong projects made negatively affect the natural habitats, aquatic plant and animal communities, especially fish. They have lost their originalform and functions to make for humanity fever. It was determined that the projects were planned in such a way that the negative effects of thedelirium were reduced and the nature and wildlife were ignored so as to prevent the loss of soil. Consequently, changes could lead to loss thatwould not be recycled if it does not take due precautions.

Experiments were designed to clarify the effect of different extenders on sperm motility of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss after shorttermcold storage at 4°C for 6 days. Sperm collection was performed through gentle abdominal massage. Sperm was suspended in differentextenders at 1:3 dilution ratio. The motility and survival of sperm cells were assessed in all the treatments daily. Our results indicated that spermremained as motile in glucose and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) based extender at day 6. This study would be beneficial for cryopreservationand reproduction management.