Gross anatomical structure of pelvic bone in conure bird was studied. The shape of the pelvic girdle was in the form of inverted blade and consisted of ilium, ischium and pubis, constituting the two pelvic bones of which the ilium was largest and between the two pelvic bones, the rhomboid shaped lumbosacral mass was observed. Above the level of acetabulum ilium was separated by a small bony ridge as pre and post acetabular part. Posterior end of ilium had a slender, linear and extended part and had a straight process which projected ventrally. There was no ilioneural canal. Ilium, ischium and pubis formed the acetabulum. The caudodorsal rim of acetabulum presented a triangular facet an anti-trochanter. Ischium was a thick and triangular bony plate below the level of posterior rim of the  acetabulum. Ventral border of the ischium had an obturator foramen with broader caudal end. Ilium formed  synostosis with pubis and ischium and a large ischio-pubic notch were also formed. Pubis was thin , slender bone extended behind the medial border of ischium. Ischium was bent posteromedially. Pubis was not fused with ischium to form obturator foramen, but formed a notch-like structure. The pectineal process was less developed.

Displacement of the abomasum is one of the important incidence recorded in dairy cattle especially after calving that lead to huge economic loss. A six year old Holstein Friesian female cow calved fifteen days back was presented to the Large Animal Outpatient Unit, Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal with the history of not voiding dung and anorexia for past three days. The animal was fed with corn and ragi feed. Clinical examination revealed pale pink mucous membranes, right side distension of abdomen, ping sound on right paralumbar fossa to 11th intercostal space on simultaneous auscultation and percussion. On rectal examination balloon like structure was noticed and the liptak test revealed pH of 2. Ultrasonographic examination of abomasal contents and post mortem examination confirmed RDA.

Incidence of candidiasis and its ability to be a primary infection in a native chicken flock of 500 birds reared in cage system was reported. Grossly, pseudomembranous growth giving turkey-towel appearance was noticed in dead birds. Crops from affected chicken yielded Candida albicans was confirmed by culture and germ tube production in poultry serum from the crop samples collected from affected birds. Administration of copper sulphate was found to be effective in containing illness and the signs associated with candidiasis in the affected flock.

A primiparous Holstein Friesian crossbred cow was brought to VCC, VC&RI Namakkal with ventral swelling. Based on rectal examination and abdominal palpation it was diagnosed as right sided uterine torsion with prepubic tendon rupture. After the fetal delivery by caesarean section and proper postoperative care is given for a period of 10 days, life of the dam was saved.

Ranula rarely resolve without surgery and marsupialisation is easily applicable technique to manage sublingual salivary mucocele. A two year old male German shepherd dog was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal with the history of swelling on ventral aspect of the tongue for the past one and half month. The fine needle aspiration cytology revealed macrophages mixed with coccobacillary clumps, haematobiochemical parameters were within the physiological range. Based on the clinical signs, the case was diagnosed as ranula. Under atropine sulphate and xylazine hydrochloride premedication, induction of anaesthesia with ketamine and diazepam followed by isoflurane maintenance, marsupialization was done.  Postoperatively, the animal was treated with broad spectrum antibiotic and antiinflammatory drugs for five days, and the animal recovered uneventfully after 15 days.

Bacteriological quality of khoa based sweets marketed through different retail outlets of Thrissur city was evaluated based on total viable count, coliform count, yeast & mould count and staphylococcal count. Altogether 72 samples of khoa based sweets such as peda, burfi and gulabjamun were evaluated for their bacteriological quality. Out of the total peda samples tested, coliforms were prevalent in 37.5%, yeast and mould in 91.7% and staphylococcal organisms in 41.7% of the samples. In burfi, coliforms were prevalent in 66.6%, yeast and mold in 95.8% and staphylococcal organisms in 83.3 % of the samples tested. In gulabjamun, coliforms, yeast and mould and staphylococcal organisms were present in 45.8%, 91.6% and 70.8% respectively of the samples tested. The highest rate of contamination was recorded in burfi while the lowest was recorded in peda. Strict hygienic measures during preparation and storage are recommended to ensure the quality of the products. 

The study was carried out on male zebrafish containing technical grade deltamethrin (98.5%). A total of 20 males were randomly divided into two groups (Group I) and Group II (Group II) and their pre-exposure spawn count, fecundity, and embryo mortality were calculated at weekly intervals within each group. Results show significant (p0.05 and 0.01) reduction in total count of embryos over 21 days in Group I. Similarly, in Group II it was 36.49 0.54, 72.740.09 and 86.370.06 at 7, 14 and 21 days respectively postexposure of males to deltamethionine.

Nutritional evaluation of different pulse chunnies was carried using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) and validated with wet analysis for inclusion in livestock feeds. The portable NIRS spectrophotometer FOSS XDS RCA and FOSS 6500 chemometrics software were used for the study. A total of 324 samples of four pulse chunnies (red gram (RGC), green gram (GGC), black gram (BLGC) and bengal gram (BGC)) were assessed using NIRS. It revealed that RGC had significantly (P<0.01) highest DM content than other three samples. The mean CP content was highest (P<0.01) in GGC and lowest in BGC and significantly (P<0.01) higher ether extract (EE) was recorded in BLGC and RGC and lowest in BGC samples. The ash content was significantly (P<0.01) highest in BLGC and lowest in RGC samples. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents were higher (P<0.01) in BGC and lower in GGC samples. Wet analysis shown, the DM content did not differ (P>0.05) among pulse chunni samples, while significantly (P<0.01) higher organic matter was recorded in RGC and lowest in BLGC samples. The CP was higher (P<0.01) in BLGC and lower in BGC and significantly (P<0.01) highest crude fibre recorded for BGC, RGC and was lowest in BLGC and GGC samples. Highest (P<0.05) EE was observed in BLGC while lowest in BGC. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in nitrogen free extract among pulse chunnies, while ash content was significantly (P<0.01) higher in BLGC and lower in RGC samples. NDF, ADF and ADL were significantly (P<0.01) higher in BGC and lower in GGC samples. The study concludes that the NIRS technique can be used to screen large number of samples in lesser time for using them in livestock feed formulations as there is a high correlation between NIRS and conventional feed analysis.

Examination of gastro intestinal tract of 20 carcasses of backyard poultry revealed mucoid material in the lumen of the proventriculus and gizzard. The mucosa of proventriculus and gizzard were thickened. Peeling of the horny gizzard cuticle layer revealed the presence of Cheilospirura hamulosa on the sub-mucosal and muscular surface. The lumen of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract contained tenacious muco-sanguineous content. Caeca was completely filled with tarry red coloured content mixed with Subulura brumpti.

An outbreak of chorioptic mange infestation was observed in a sheep and goat flock during 2021 in the Kandukur village of Anantapur district, with a history of skin itching, thick scabs and loss of hair. Skin lesions were characterized by alopecica, crusty scabs on hind limbs, face, ears and scrotal region. Microscopic examination of deep skin scrapings revealed the presence of Chorioptes spp mites. Affected sheep and goats were treated with Ivermectin injection (200 mg/kg. body wt) administered subcutaneously weekly once for 2 weeks along with dipping using Butox spray (Deltamethrin) and supportive therapy with brotone syrup (liver tonic). Examination of deep skin scraping two weeks post treatment found negative for the Chorioptes spp mites.