Traceability methods in livestock sector through the tracking of animal species, breed or even individuals, has become of utmost importance as a vehicle for ensuring consumers food safety. The advent of new technology at DNA level has facilitated the convenience and the accuracy of the implementation of traceability methods. The scope of this review is to highlight the most up to date progress on DNA based approaches concerning the traceability procedures for small ruminant species and/or their products, giving emphasis on short tandem repeats (microsatellites) and single nucleotide polymorphisms. The conclusions of this review may be used either from the farmer or the State and other Organisations in order not only to certify traceability throughout the whole food process chain but to ensure also consumers food safety. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 255-264]

Objective: The research work was aimed at assessing the prevalence and risk factors of Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) in goats in some selected areas of Bangladesh along with a comparison of different hemato-biochemical parameters of PPR infected goats. Materials and methods: A presumptive diagnosis of PPR was done based on clinical signs and symptoms. A structured record keeping sheet was used for the estimation of prevalence and risk factors of PPR in goat. A total of 103 blood samples were collected randomly and analyzed for hematobiochemical parameters using automated hemo-analyzer. Results: Out of 103 cases, Black Bengal (59%) and young goats aging minimum-12 months (43.85%) were recognized as highly susceptible to PPR disease. Strong association was found among all the three factors such as age, breed and sex (RR>1). All the values of hematological parameters such as TEC, TLC, Hb, PCV, and DLC were decreased in PPR affected goat as compared to healthy goats except lymphocyte counts, which was increased significantly (P=0.00). The amount of total protein (3.15 gm/L) and albumin (16.88 gm/L) were reduced drastically in PPR affected goats. Conclusion: The lymphocyte content in blood was significantly increased where as the total protein and albumin percent were decreased in the goats affected with PPR. Moreover, this variation in blood profile due to PPR virus infected in goat might be a good indicator in this disease diagnosis. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 211-217]

Objectives: This case report aimed at diagnosing and instituting timely intervention to avert Neonatal Isoerythrolysis with concurrent infections in foals. Material and Methods: Baby Dokki is a one day old, filly, foal, pony cross, weighing about 20kg. She is managed in a stable with its dam. Baby Dokki was found dead a day after her birth. Post mortem examination revealed a generalized jaundice in the mucous membrane, muscles and aorta. Besides that, the synovial fluids were also thicken and yellowish. As well, the large intestine contains very hard greenish fecal material obstructing the rectum. Softer yellowish fecal material was found to be impacted dorsal to the hard fecal material. Results: Furthermore, the bacteriology result divulged the presence of Actinomyces hyovaginalis. In addition, blood was also collected from the mare and the stallion to check for blood compatibility. Conclusion: Thus, the case was diagnosed as suspected neonatal isoerythrolysis with concurrent Actinomyces hyovaginalis infection. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 233-239]

Objective: Salmonella is a widely-reported zoonotic bacterial pathogen and human infection is mostly attributed through direct or indirect contact with chickens. Salmonella Kentucky (S. Kentucky) is one of the motile serovars which has recently been identified from both poultry and human samples in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to assess its pathogenic potentials and shedding probability in backyard chicken. Materials and methods: We infected 22 backyard chickens orally, each with 106 cfu of Salmonella Kentuckey, which were then observed for 23 days to enlist clinical signs, gross and histo-pathological changes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Salmonella was applied on some representative samples to identify the presence of Salmonella. Results: Four chickens were sacrificed and the internal organs were examined to observe gross and microscopic tissue changes. Some reactive changes were seen in spleen during prolonged course of infection. The probability of S. Kentucky shedding was 77% (95%; CI 54-90%) on DPI 2, 41% (95%; CI 21-60%) on DPI 12 and 13% (95%; CI 3-31%) on DPI 21. The survival probability of the infected chickens was 50% (95%; CI 28-68%) on DPI 6, 32% (95%; CI 14-51%) on DPI 15 and 14% (95%; CI 3-31%) on DPI 23. Conclusion: Zoonotic S. Kentucky strain of human non-typhoidal clinical cases of gastroenteritis has potentials to produce clinical signs such as reduced feed uptake, watery or pasty fecal droppings and lesions, such as catarrhal enteritis and typhlitis. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 196-203]

Objective: The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the preoperative clinical characteristics to predict postoperative neurologic recovery in dogs with intervertebral herniated disk disease (IVDD). Materials and Methods: The dogs were classified according to postoperative neurologic recovery from clinical history of the hospital e-book. Excellent when dogs (n=13) were neurologically normal; good (n=8) when postoperative neurologic grade was improved from preoperative condition had improved sufficiently to require no or minor therapy after discharge; fair (n=4) is considered when postoperative neurologic status was unchanged from preoperative condition and poor (n=5) when major postoperative complication developed as a consequences neurologic grade had worsened at discharge than their preoperative score or the patient died. The evaluated preoperative clinical characteristics in all groups are breed, age, sex, duration of clinical sings appearance (DCSA), preoperative neurologic grading system (PNGS), compression rate (pre and post-operative) in MRI and CT scan, housefield unit (HU), type of IVDD and surgical procedures, and compared with excellent group. Results: no definitive relationship was found between the clinical characteristics and neurologic recovery, except, DCSA and preclinical neurologic pathological condition. The DCSA were 73.54±15.00, 117.63±31.58, 171.25±99.56 and 175.00±94.83 (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 240-246]

Objective: The main aim of this case report is to present a case of feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis that occurred concurrently with bacterial cystitis following the bite. Material and methods: A 3-year-old intact male domestic shorthair cat weighing 3.7 kg was referred to the Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Veterinary Clinic with clinical signs of hematuria and dysuria. History revealed that it was managed outdoor, fed with kibbles and wet food, but with no vaccination and deworming. Upon physical examination, the cat had a dull appearance, pale mucous membrane, normal respiratory rate, hypothermia, and bradycardia. Upon the examination of the urogenital system, there were urine burns at the anal region, necrotized penile tip, and presence of bite wound observed at the perineal region. Turgid and enlarged urinary bladder was identified upon palpation. Results: Diagnostic investigation revealed the hemotropic mycoplasmosis via microscopy, while urine culture was positive for Escherichia coli infection. The cat was successfully treated symptomatically. Conclusion: However, the prognosis of this cat was guarded given that the anemia was unresolved at the point of discharge. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 490-495]

Objective: The present study was conducted to isolate and identify the Acanthamoeba species from various water sources such as drinking water, tap water, swimming pool, and other recreational water. Materials and methods: During the study period, 57 water samples were collected from various sources such as tap water, drinking water, swimming pool, and recreational water. All samples were processed and cultured on non-nutrient agar medium (NNA) with Escherichia coli overlay for the isolation of Acanthamoeba species. Organism identified based on the microscopic morphology of cyst and trophozoites forms. The pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba was analyzed by thermotolerance and osmotolerance assays. Results: Acanthamoeba were detected in 10 out of 57 (17.5%) examined water samples. The high percentage of positivity was observed in bore well water stored in tanks (37.5%) and in recreational water samples (26.7%). All processed drinking water samples were free from Acanthamoeba. Based on pathogenicity test assays, four (40%) were pathogenic and three (30%) were non-pathogenic. The observed frequency of Acanthamoeba spp. was compared with available literature worldwide. Conclusion: This study is the first report showing the distribution of Acanthamoeba in various water sources in the central region of Saudi Arabia and confirms that the high percentage presence of pathogenic strains in recreational water could threat contact lens wearers. Further research works are required to identify the prevalence of pathogenic Acanthamoeba from various water sources in Saudi Arabia. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 439-444]

Objective: There is scarce literature regarding hematology profile of fat-tailed sheep (Dhumba). The study was conducted to determine reference intervals for their hematology profile in the context of Bangladesh. Materials and methods: Blood samples were collected from 32 healthy fat-tailed sheep from Dhaka, Bangladesh, during SeptemberOctober, 2015. Hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total leukocyte count (TLC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, and neutrophil counts were measured. Results: The levels showed a wide range and variation based on age and sex. Adult sheep had significantly (p = 0.01) higher Hb level than that of juvenile ( [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 481-484]