Human platelet lysates (HPL) have been described as appropriate cell culturesupplement for cultures of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The increase in demandfor harmless and animal-free cultures of MSCs is related to the potential applicationof MSCs grow in human source supplementsIn this study, human platelet lysates are derived from fresh and expired blooddonor platelet concentrates. Mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cellswere cultured with one of three culture supplements; fetal bovine serum, lysates fromfresh and expired prepared human platelet concentrates. The impacts of these plateletderived culture supplements on basic mesenchymal stem cell characteristics wereevaluated. All cultures preserved the mesenchymal stem cells surface markerexpression, growth carves and viability test. The result demonstrated thatmesenchymal stem cells complemented with platelet lysates proliferated faster thanconventional FBS cultured cells and increased the expression of the cells. Inconclusion, the use of fresh and expired platelet units from blood banks to prepareplatelet lysates for the culture of MSCs is appropriate as well as keep cells phenotypecharacteristics and also shortens culture time by increasing their growth.

In the current study, ten specimens of the adult ox kidneys have been used to identitymorphology and blood supply features by using corrosion cast technique. The mean bodyweight of ox was 180±10kg. The external surface of the kidneys was elongated oval to pyramid,lobulated flattened ventrodorsally, and light-brown in color. The right kidney is weighted 299±24gm as well as it had two surfaces (ventral and dorsal), two borders (lateral and medial) andtwo poles (cranial and caudal), while the left kidney is weighted 333± 27gm and had threesurfaces (right &left ventral and dorsal), in addition it had two borders and two poles.The renal artery and vein have the same course and each one divided into 2-3 segmental bloodvessels. The segmental artery and vein are divided in to interlobular artery and vein whichsupply medulla and cortex. The interlobular artery & vein were passed through the renalcolumns and branched into arcuate and finally gave off cortical artery and vein.The aim of this study, to exposure the normal gross internal appearance of blood vessels andureter of ox kidneys by using corrosion cast technique.

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A total 180 samples of pellet poultry feed were collected from poultry feed stores and localmarkets .They were cultured on potato dextrose agar(PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA) forisolation and identification of Aspergillus flavus.They were Sub-cultured on sabouraud dextroseagar(SDA) .Then the isolates were cultured on coconut agar medium(CAM) . The rapid detectionof 50 selected isolates of contaminated poultry feed samples with A.flavus were achieved by blue–green fluorescence under UV light and by ammonia vapor on CAM medium to determine theaflatoxigenic isolates of A.flavus. The detection by UV light revealed that 26 (52%) of isolateswere aflatoxigenic (positive) by produce blue-green fluorescence under UV light at 356nm , andalso 26 (52%) of isolates were aflatoxigenic (positive) by turned the colony reverse to pink colorby exposure to ammonia vapor.

The present work were conducted on (225) local cattle breeds of both sexes , and ofdifferent ages in Basarh governorate (Basrah –Iraq). Two hundred local cattle breedswere naturally infected with. Mycoplasma wenyonii and (25) clinically normal cattlebreeds served as controls. According to age, diseased animals were divided into fourage groups (50) animals for each. Animals were found clinically infectedwith Mycoplasma wenyonii which diagnosed based on Giemsa stain blood smears andconfirmed with PCR test technique. Diseased cattle show sings of partial or completeloss of appetite ,anemia with pale and / or icteric mucous membranes , decrease milkproduction , rapid and difficult respiration, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes ,rough coat , lethargy , weight loss and edema of lower hind limbs, In addition , bodytemperature ,respiratory rate ,heart rate and capillary refilling time were increasedstatistically , compared with controls ,Furthermore statistically significant decrease(P<0.05) were encountered in ruminal contractions .Results were also indicated that TRBCs, Hb, and PCV values of diseased cattle weresignificantly decrease than controls thereby macrocytic hypochromic type of anemiawas indicated. Results were also shown a significant increase in TLC as a result ofsignificant increase lymphocytes, Mycoplasma wenyonii appear coccoid or rod shape,structures, However it might found individually or in chains on the erythrocyte cellwall, Moreover diagnosis were confirmed by PCR,Since out of (96) blood samples(80) (83.3%) were found positive. Results were also revealed that animals of 2-3years old were highly infected compared with other age groups. Changes of bloodclotting factor indices were also noticed in diseased cattle compared with controls andthe results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean values of total thrombocytes count and Fibrinogen time ,whereas significant increase (P<0.05) weredetected in thrombocytes volume, thrombocytes distribution width, prothrombin time, clotting time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. It have been concluded thatMycoplasma wenyonii infected local cattle breeds of Basrah Governorates and lead tosubstantial effect including decrease milk yield and anemia's ,which might terminatedwith economic losses ,Therefore all cattle reared in this area must be screened.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of high metabolizable energy diets with normal or wide metabolizable energy to crude protein ratios (ME:CP) on the performance, carcass characteristics, body composition and blood parameters of broilers fed from 1 to 56 days of age. The chicks were allotted into 7 groups; one control and 6 tested. The birds were fed starter, grower and finisher diets. The control diet was formulated according to the NRC of poultry (1994) and the other six diets contained three different levels of high energy diets (3275, 3350 & 3425 kcal/kg; one level for each two groups). The first three tested groups were pointed for as the ''normal calorie-protein ratio” groups in which the CP increased in relation to the increased ME, keeping the normal NRC ratio. In the second three tested groups, named “wide calorie-protein ratio” groups, the dietary protein was kept at the NRC levels leading to ratios wider than that of the NRC. Results showed that chicks fed high ME diets with normal energy to protein ratio grew faster, and used feed more efficiently than chicks fed the control diets. However, feeding diets with high ME and normal protein NRC-levels slightly improved the weight and feed conversion. The visible fat and fat retained in the body was higher in all tested groups compared to the control. However, the blood parameters had no significant variations among the treatments, except for ALT which had an increased response to increased dietary energy density. In conclusion, increasing the dietary ME level without increasing the crude protein level provided moderately economic returns and lesser improvement in the performance of broilers. However, increasing of dietary ME with normal ME:CP ratio resulted in increased broiler performance and higher economic return.

Clostridium perfringens beta toxin is only produced by types B and C and plays an important role in many human and animal diseases, causing fatal conditions that originate in the intestines. We compared the expression of C. perfringens type B vaccine strain recombinant beta toxin gene in the Escherichia coli strains RosettaTM(DE3) and BL21(DE3). The beta toxin gene was extracted from pJETβ and ligated with pET22b(+). pET22β was transformed into E. coli strains BL21(DE3) and RosettaTM(DE3). Recombinant protein was expressed as a soluble protein after isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction in strain RosettaTM(DE3) but not in BL21(DE3). Expression was optimised by growing recombinant cells at 37 °C and at an induction of 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 1.5 mM IPTG. Expression was evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulfate Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The recombinant protein was purified via Ni-NTA and was analysed using western blot. We concluded that E. coli strain RosettaTM(DE3) can enhance the expression of C. perfringens recombinant beta toxin. Keywords: C. perfringens beta toxin (CPB); expression; RosettaTM; BL21

This study was carried out to detect the efficiency of different concentrations of medicinal herbal extract as decontaminant agent on broiler carcasses. Therefore, a total of twelve broiler carcasses treated with sumac extract (4% and 8% w/v) and rosemary extract (0.3% and 0.5% w/v) and stored at 0±1°C. All treated carcasses were sensory and microbiologically analyzed. It has been found that there were no changes in color and odor of treated carcasses, either by sumac extract (8% w/v) or rosemary extract (0.5% w/v), however, a reduction in the total bacterial count, coliforms count, E. coli count and Staphylococcus spp. count one/two log less than control samples and shelf-life of broiler carcasses was noticed and extended three to six days more than the control. From the present study, it could be concluded that sumac extract (8% w/v) and rosemary extract (0.5% w/v) are effective as broiler meat decontaminant and preservative.

The pharmacokinetic aspects of tulathromycin(2.5 mg/kg) administered alone and in combination with flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg) after a single subcutaneous (SC) administration, werestudied in clinically healthy goats. The animals were divided into two groups: the 1st group was given tulathromycin alone and the 2nd group was given tulathromycin concurrently with flunixin meglumine. Serum concentrations of tulathromycin were determined using microbiological assay method. Tulathromycin was rapidly absorbed with a half-life of absorption (t(0.5)ab) of 0.54 h and the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 3.7ug/ml was attained after 0.98 h (Tmax). Flunixin significantly altered the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin by increasing its absorption and delay its elimination from body where t0.5(ab)were 0.54 and0.34 h and the elimination half-lives (t0.5(el)) were 1.35 and 1.8 h, for alone and combination groups, respectively. Significant decreases (39.8%) in the area under the curve (AUC) and (22.6%) in the elimination rate constant (Kel) from the central compartment were found following coadministration with flunixin compared with administration of tulathromycin alone. It was concluded that the combination of tulathromycin and flunixin negatively altered the kinetics of tulathromycin.