The death and loss of offspring before the gestation period is complete is defined as abortion. All calf losses before the 200th day of pregnancy are defined in this way. Brucellosis and Q fever diseases are among the most important abortive diseases in cattle. This study examined the seropositivity rates of brucellosis and Q fever in 3to 6-month-old calves not vaccinated with Brucella abortus S19. Six hundred and 81 calves were included, and blood serum samples were collected. The rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and complement fixation test (CFT) tests were used to diagnose brucellosis, and indirect ELISA was used to diagnose Q fever. Among the calves whose blood serum was collected, the positive results for the RBPT, indirect ELISA, and CFT tests were 3.5%, 8.8%, and 5.5%, respectively. A positivity rate of 6.6% was determined for Q fever. In the study, the co-infection rate of brucellosis and Q fever was determined to be 0.44%. On the other hand, the seropositivity of brucellosis and Q fever in calves was not significant (p > 0.05) according to sex and age. The calves born in the study area were infected either intrauterine or during the postpartum period. In addition, ELISA had higher sensitivity than the other tests. Therefore, the combination of RBPT and indirect ELISA should be used in herd screenings to detect more infected animals.

This study was performed to assess the antiapoptotic effect of canine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treated on the canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) under cold ischemic conditions. The effect of preventing apoptosis of cMSCs was evaluated in the apoptotic condition induced by cold ischemic injury in vitro. To determine the progression of apoptosis, the changes in cell nucleus were observed using 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence staining. In addition, we examined the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and caspase-3 activity. When the cold hypoxic injury was applied to cMSCs, the apoptotic change was observed by DAPI staining, mitochondrial staining for MMP, and caspase-3 assay. PRP significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells. Nuclear shrinkage and fragmentation of apoptotic cells in control groups were observed by DAPI staining. The MMP was recovered by the treatment of PRP. In addition, when the luminescence intensity was measured for caspase-3 activity, the value was significantly higher in the PRP treated groups than the control groups. The results of this study showed that the PRP may have a beneficial effect on apoptosis induced by cold ischemic injury.

Canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine parvovirus (CPV), and canine parainfluenza virus 5 (CPIV-5) are the major viral pathogens in dogs. Despite the availability of vaccines for dogs against these 4 viral pathogens, investigations of antibodies against these pathogens have rarely been reported in South Korea. In this study, we investigated the recent incidence of viral diseases in dogs and conducted sero-surveillance for CDV, CAV-2, CPV, and CPIV-5 in Korean dogs. The most frequently diagnosed canine viral disease in Korean dog samples from 2000 to 2022 was CPV infection, which accounted for 48.7% (464/953) of the cases. A total of 400 dog serum samples collected between 2019 and 2022 were screened for the presence of virus-neutralizing antibodies against CDV, CAV-2, CPV, and CPIV-5. The overall seropositivity rates for CDV, CAV-2, CPV, and CPIV5 were 83.8%, 77.8%, 99.3%, and 82.0%, respectively. The protection rate against CPV was the highest (98.3%) and that against CAV-2 was the lowest (44.8%) in dog sera. Male and female dogs showed no significant differences in seropositivity rates. CDV and CPIV-5 seropositivity increased with age in dogs, and the highest incidence and seropositivity rates of CPV indicated that Korean dogs have been continuously exposed to wild CPV, and that CPV is a pathogen that urgently requires attention among canine viral diseases.

Bird species, particularly poultry and other bird types, including domestic pigeons, are susceptible to fowl pox, a contagious viral disease. The main goal of this study was to validate clinical avipoxvirus diagnoses using molecular analytical methods. The essential components of the investigation were the clinical signs, visible abnormalities, histological changes, and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Twenty out of 120 pigeons had clinical symptoms, which included yellowish crust or nodules near the feet, eyes, and beak. An erosive epidermal lesion and an epidermal acanthotic papular lesion with basal vacuolation were maculopapular evidence associated with significant epidermal hyperkeratosis, as confirmed by histological analysis. In addition, the results showed keratinocyte necrosis beneath the hyperkeratotic epidermal layer, together with superficial and deep dermal perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. In addition, the P4b core protein gene underwent phylogenetic analysis. The sequence analysis results indicated a high degree of similarity across the local strains, with just minor variations observed. Five sample sequences were selected and submitted to the NCBI database. These sequences were identified as OR187728, OR187729, OR187730, OR187731, and OR187732. All the various strains in this research may be classified under clade A of the chicken pox virus phylogenetic classification. This study presents the first description and characterization of pox virus infections in domestic pigeons inside the Basrah governorate.

A 6-month-old male Ragdoll cat presented with exercise intolerance. On physical examination, there was a grade 2/6 systolic murmur at the right apex. Diagnostic tests, including SpO2 measurement, blood tests, radiography, echocardiography, contrast echocardiography, and electrocardiography, were performed. Severe right atrial dilation, tricuspid valve leaflets and orifice displacement, right ventricular atrialization, septal leaflet adherence, anterior leaflet tethering, and right atrioventricular junction dilation were noted on echocardiography, alongside a right-to-left atrial septal defect. Cor triatriatum dexter and left ventricular aneurysm were observed. We diagnosed this case as having Ebstein anomaly with rare congenital heart deformities; which is rare in cats.

A 4-month-old intact male Sapsaree dog was referred due to a history of postprandial regurgitation following consumption of solid food. Thoracic radiography revealed focal leftward displacement of the thoracic trachea at T1 to T4 vertebrae levels. Barium contrast radiography revealed focal dilation of the cranial thoracic esophagus at the heart base level. Persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) with an aberrant left subclavian artery branching from the patent ductus arteriosus was diagnosed by computed tomography angiography (CTA). Although barium contrast radiography can presumptive diagnose PRAA, CTA should be considered for identifying additional vascular anomalies, specific types, and surgical planning.

Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) present significant threats to both animal and human health through their potential for cross-species transmission and global spread. Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian IAVs initially emerged in East Asia between 2013 and 2014. Since then, they have spread to Europe, Africa, and America via migratory bird flyways. However, beyond viral transmission primarily facilitated by migratory birds, the potential involvement of other intermediate factors for virus transmission remains poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the role of wild rodents as intermediary hosts in the ecology of avian IAVs in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. By capturing and analyzing 189 wild rodents near poultry farms and migratory bird habitats in 2013 and 2014 and employing serological assays and virus isolation techniques, we found no evidence of IAV infection among these populations. Our results suggest that wild rodents may not significantly contribute to the transmission dynamics of IAVs within these regions.

This study aimed to record the clinical manifestations of the cats infected with FPV, and to evaluate the hemato-biochemical parameters alterations in clinically and subclinically infected cats. A total of 70 cats out of 100 cats were positive for FPV using conventional polymerase chain reaction technique. Further 15 clinically healthy cats that were negative for the laboratory tests served as control group. Careful clinical examination for all cats and blood samples were collected from all cats for hematological examination and estimation of some serum biochemistry parameters. Results showed that the prevalence of FPV was 76.1% and 57.6% in clinically and subclinically infected cats, respectively. Clinically infected cats were suffering from fever, anorexia, depression, congestion or pale and/or icteric mucous membranes, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and different degrees of dehydration. Also, oro-nasal and ocular lesions with nervous signs in some cats. A significantly increased of body temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate in clinically infected cats compared to the control group. The hemogram of the clinically infected cats showed significant decrease in TECs, HB, PCV, PLTs, MCH, and MCHC with significant increase in MCV reflecting the macrocytic hypochromic anemia, along with significant decrease in TLCs in clinically infected cats compared to the control group. Serum biochemistry analysis revealed a significant decrease in TP, while there was a significant increase in AST, ALT, TB, creatinine, and urea in clinically infected cats compared to the control group. Furthermore, no significant changes in the hemato-biochemical parameters between the subclinically infected cats and the control group.

This study aimed to revel the protective properties of vitamin E on liver injury induced by pregbalin (biochemical and histopathological study) in rabbits. Twenty-four local male rabbits were used in this experimental study under suitable condition of feed and temperature. Rabbits classified into three group: each group 8 rabbits. Group one (control group) received distal water orally daily for 14 days, Group two (pregbalin group) received orally pregbalin 3mg/kg dissolved in normal saline daily for 14 days, Third group received vitamin E (α-tocopherol) 800 IU orally followed in 3 hours by 3 mg/kg of pregbalin dissolved in normal saline daily for 14 days. The biochemical results showed no significant differences in control group, the ALP, GPT and GOT showed significant increase in second pregbalin group. The third group showed significant decrease in ALP and GOT but the GPT showed slightly increase above normal value in control group. The histopathological results showed normal liver histology in control group, second pregbalin group showed infiltration of inflammatory cells specially leukocytes, dilation of blood sinusoids, portal area and central vein in addition to presence of activated kupffer cells. Third group received vitamin E followed by pregbalin showed relatively normal tissue appearance of liver including and similar to control group.

According to the global dairy industry, mastitis is the costliest production disease affecting dairy herds. Many different microorganisms, including dominant and pathogenic microorganisms like Streptococcus uberis, Corynebacterium bovis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma species, fungi, yeast, and chlamydia are the cause of it. The clinical mastitis symptoms include changes in the milk, like flakes and clots, and indications of mammary gland inflammation, like swelling, heat, pain, and edema. The term "Subclinical mastitis" is the term used to describe inflammation of the mammary gland when there is no noticeable lesion in the udder or its secretion. However, pathogenic microorganisms are still present, leading to a reduction in milk production. The milk secretion also includes bacteria and the composition of the milk changes. Choosing animal breeds resistant to disease and incorporate this trait into farm herds is an effective way to reduce the issues brought on by infectious diseases Thus, the need for medication, which will lower environmental and product contamination levels, will be reduced. This review aims to summarize the state of knowledge regarding the causes, pathophysiology, manifestations, treatment, and avoidance of bovine mastitis.