The study was designed to observed the anatomical features of the air sacs (Sacci pneumatici)inWhite Cheeked Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis) Ten healthy birds from white cheeked bulbul used,five birds extract the part of trachea and incision it after anaesthetized , then insert the cannulathrough trachea and injected the cold cure mixture for corrosion cast making. and macerated by 2%(KOH) for 4 days. and . Five birds used for imaging examination, barium sulphate suspension wereinjected via the trachea using plastic syringe, for radiographic procedure. The number of the airsacs in bulbul (nine) air sacs, cervical ,cranial and caudal thoracic and abdominal air sac , single airinterclavicular.The shaped and locations of these sacs described by using the cold cure corrosion cast andRadiological examinations.

A total of 313 Orbiculate batfishes Platax orbicularis were studied from the Iraqi marine watersat the shallow tip of the Arabian Gulf during the period from March to September 2015. Thisspecies is an omnivore (planktivorous) which migrate between surface and bottom for feedingactivity. Length –Weight relationship and growth rate were calculated for the 222 specimens.The highest growth rate calculated was 5.16 which occurred at length group 23-27cmequivalent to age group I+. The Iraqi marine waters were indicated as feeding ground but notspawning ground.

Zizyphusspina-christi has a common name in Iraq "Nabka",it has been used intraditional medicine.The present study was designed to elucidate the protective effect ofaqueous extract of ziziphusspina Christi on hepato and haematotxicity induced byparacetamol in adult male rabbits. Eighteen adult male rabbits were divided randomly into 3groups of 6 rabbits each and were treated for four weeks as follows:control group, second(T1) groupreceived orally (300 mg/kg B.W.) of paracetmoldailyand third (T2) Groupreceivedorally (200 mg/kg B.W.) of crude extraction of zizyphyusspinadaily with (300 mg /kg B.W.)of paracetmoldaily. The results indicated that paracetamol administration induced hepato andhaematotoxcity manifested by significant(P<0.05) elevation in liver enzymes (AST and ALT)and reduction in total protein and albumin concentration with significant (P<0.05)decrease inRBC, Hb, PCV, MCH, MCHC and Neutrophiles whereas it increase in WBC, MCV,Lymphocyte and monocytes as a compared with control group.On the other hand, animalstreatment with aqueous extract of zizyphusspinachristiin group T2 showed a significantameliorated in biochemical andhaematologicalparameters change induce by paracetamol.Itcould be concluded that oral administration of Zizyphusextract have hepatoprotectiveand antianemicrole agonist hepato and haematotoxicity induce by paracetamol.

The present study is to identify the chemical composition of bay leaves(Laurusnobilis L.) protein, oil, ash and carbohydrate which were (7.62, 8.5, 3.63, 50.83)%respectively.This paper reports the concentration of many minerals calcium,Phosphorus,Potassium,Iron,Copper Magnesium, Manganese, and Zink. Calcium andMagnesium have the highest concentration(377,550 mg /g) respectively, Vitaminsconcentration also determined riboflavin, ascorbic acid which were (45.33, 2, 0.90 mg/g)respectively. Bay oil.Was extracted from bay leaves(L.nobilis)with petroleum ether usingSoxhlet apparatus. Bay oil showed high value in unsaturated fatty acids 55% includeoleic,linoleic,linolenic, and saturated fatty acids 45% includelaureic, merestic, palmetic,stearic. The present study describe the reducing power and antioxidant activity foralcoholic extracts of bay leaves.rates of antioxidant activity and reducing power increasesas the concentrate of bay leaves extract increasedwhich were (173.81%) and (75.61%)respectively at 5% concentration.

The present study was conducted during the period between September 2017and March 2018 to detect Toxoplasma gondii in meat. A total number of 387 blood,meat and minced meat were collected from cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo carcasses atslaughter house and butcher markets in Basra city. Molecular and serological methodswere applied to detect the infection of T. gondii by using PCR and ELISA tests for allthese samples. The results of ELISA showed that 25.32% of samples were positive,while 15.762% were positive for PCR test. Sheep showed the highest positive resultsfor ELISA and PCR tests (33.036%, 22.321% respectively) flowed by goat (29.333%,18.667%), cattle (25.439%,14.912%) and buffalo (11.628%, 4.651%) respectively.Positive ELISA and PCR results for minced meat (37.113%, 25.773% respectively)were higher than meat from both butcher markets (27.778%, 18.519%) andslaughterhouse (17.582%, 9.89%) respectively, while the results of ELISA and PCRconducted for blood analysis were 17.582% and 6.593% respectively. Highertoxoplasmosis ratio (32.195%, 21.951%) for ELISA and PCR respectively forsamples collected from butcher markets in the present study.

In the current study a total of (705) slaughtered sheeps and goats wereexamined, divided into (556) sheep and (149) goat which were taken from Basrahslaughter house during the period between June 2016 to January 2017.The total number of infected animals with Haemonchosis were (90) which isdivided into (78) sheep and (12) goats while the total number of isolated wormsfrom the abomasum was (2439) for both sheep and goats with total percentage ofinfection12.76 % which was divided in to (14.02% and 8.05 % ) in sheep andgoats respectively, while the intensity of infection was about (27.1)which dividedinto(27.12and 26.91) in sheep and goats respectively.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate 4 methods for generating decellularized equine synovial extracellular matrix. SAMPLE Villous synovium harvested from the femoropatellar and medial femorotibial joints of 4 healthy adult horses < 7 years of age. Synovial samples were frozen (−80°C) until used. PROCEDURES Synovial samples were thawed and left untreated (control) or decellularized with 1 of 4 methods (15 samples/horse/method): incubation in 0.1% peracetic acid (PAA), incubation in 0.1% PAA twice, incubation in 1% Triton X-100 followed by incubation in DNase, and incubation in 2M NaCl followed by incubation in DNase. Control and decellularized samples were examined for residual cells, villous integrity, and collagen structure and integrity by means of histologic examination and scanning electron microscopy; cell viability was evaluated by means of culture and exclusion staining. Decellularization efficiency was assessed by testing for DNA content and DNA fragment size. RESULTS Incubation in PAA once preserved the synovial villous architecture, but resulted in high DNA content and retention of large (> 25,000 base pair) DNA fragments. Incubation in Triton and incubation in NaCl resulted in low DNA content and short (< 200 base pair) DNA fragments, but destroyed the synovial villous architecture. Incubation in PAA twice resulted in low DNA content and short DNA fragments while retaining the synovial villous architecture. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that of the methods evaluated, incubation in 0.1% PAA twice was the best method for generating decellularized equine synovial extracellular matrix.

OBJECTIVE To assess effects of vertebral distraction-fusion techniques at a treated segment (C5-C6) and an adjacent segment (C4-C5) of canine cervical vertebrae. SAMPLE Cervical vertebrae harvested from cadavers of 10 skeletally mature Beagles. PROCEDURES Three models (intact, titanium plate, and polymethylmethacrylate [PM MA]) for stabilization of the caudal region of the cervical vertebrae (C4 through C7) were applied to the C5-C6 vertebral segment sequentially on the same specimens. Biomechanical assessments with flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotational tests were conducted after each procedure. Range of motion (ROM) for a torque load applied with a 6-axis material tester was measured at C4-5 and C5-6 and calculated by use of a 3-D video measurement system. RESULTS In both the plate and PMMA models, ROM significantly increased at C4-5 and significantly decreased at C5-6, compared with results for the intact model. The ROM at C5-6 was significantly lower for the plate model versus the PMMA model in lateral bending and for the PMMA model versus the plate model in axial rotation. Conversely, ROM at C4-5 was significantly higher in axial rotation for the PMMA model versus the plate model. No significant differences were identified in flexion-extension between the PMMA and plate models at either site. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this study suggested that vertebral distraction and fusion of canine vertebrae can change the mechanical environment at, and may cause disorders in, the adjacent segment. Additionally, findings suggested that effects on the adjacent segment differed on the basis of the fusion method used.

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of 2 different commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines in regard to growth performance, microbiological and immunological analyses, and pathological observation from wean to finish (175 d of age). Pigs were administered M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV vaccines at 7 and 21 d of age, respectively, or both at 21 d old and then challenged with both M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV at 49 d old. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed between the 2 vaccinated challenged groups in average daily weight gain, nasal shedding of M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyopneumoniae-specific interferon-γ secreting cells, and macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions. Induction of interleukin-10 following PRRSV vaccination does not interfere with the immune responses induced by M. hyopneumoniae vaccine. The present study demonstrated that the single-dose vaccination regimen for M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV vaccine is efficacious for controlling coinfection with M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV based on clinical, microbiological, immunological, and pathological evaluation.