This paper dealt wih the distribution of Shigella spp. on 5 piggeries in Taegu and Kyongbuk during the period from August to October 1987. Isolated Shigella were examined for serogrouping, antimicrobial drug resistance and detection of R plasmid. Genetic properties of R plasmid in Shigella were examined for fertility inhibition (F1) and gel electrophoresis was performed for the isolation of plasmid DNA. Of total 2,978 samples from 5 piggeries, 82 strains (2.8 %) of Shigella spp. were isolated from 82 samples. The isolated strains were identified as S. dysenteriae (60 strains), S. flexneri (20 strains) and S. sonnei (2 strains). Of the 82 strains examined 67 (95.1 %) were resistant to one or more antibiotics, such as ampicillin (Am), chloramphenicol (Cm), kanamycin (Km), nalidixic acid (Na), rifampicin (Rf), streptomycin (Sm), sulfademethoxine (Su), and tetracycline (Tc) and higher resistance to Su (90.2 %), Sm (63.4 %) and Tc (63.4 %). Of the 78 resistant Shigella strains 26 (33.3 %) harbored conjugative R plasmids and the transfer frequency of Sm (50.0 %), Cm (33.3 %) resistance was much higher than that of the other drug resistance. The most common resistant patterns were SmSuTc, Su and AmSmSuTc. Out of the 26 Shigella R plasmids examined for Fi, 14 (53.8 % were Fi + and the remainder were Fi-. The plasmid DNA profiles in Shigella spp. (9 strains) isolated from pigs were confirmed as being 2 to 9 fragments by the gel electrophoresis. Their molecular size ranged 2.17 to 87.62 kilobase (Kb). All strains of Shigella spp. consisted in 15.4 Kb plasmids.

Data from 34 yearling Hereford or Angus bulls were used to investigate relationships of testicular size, quantitative rates of sperm production, Sertoli cell numbers, numbers of germ cells supported per Sertoli cell, and the efficiency of spermatogenesis to daily sperm output and seminal quality. Two ejaculates were collected by electroejaculation from each bull on each of 2 days/week throughout the study. The percentage of progressively motile sperm and the percentage of morphologically normal sperm were determined from aliquots of fresh semen. Additional aliquots of semen were frozen in glass ampules or plastic straws and subsequently evaluated for postthaw motility and percentage of sperm with intact acrosomes. Sertoli cell numbers, the numbers of germcells per Sertoli cell, and the efficiency of spermatogenesis were unrelated to the quality of fresh or frozen semen (P greater than 0.05). In first ejaculates, the numbers of sperm and motile sperm were related (P less than 0.05) to testicular parenchymal weight (r = 0.38, and 0.50), daily sperm production (r = 0.45 and 0.53), and spermatids per gram of testicular parenchyma (r = 0.35 and 0.34). Testicular parenchymal weight and daily sperm production also were related to daily sperm output and to the average daily motile sperm output of these bulls (P less than 0.05), but could account for less than 25% of the variability in these end points among bulls.

International audience | Seven hybridomas that secreted monoclonal antibodies (MAB) against the peplomer protein and one that secreted MAB against the nucleocapsid protein of Berne virus (proposed family Toroviridae) were isolated. All MAB directed against the peplomer protein neutralized virus infectivity and, with the exception of MAB 6A7, inhibited each other's binding in competition assays. Neutralization of Berne virus infectivity was potentiated when some MAB were used in pairs. The antibodies have been used to localize toroviral proteins in infected cells; use of antipeplomer MAB 6B10 yielded a diffuse intracytoplasmic immunofluorescence, whereas the antinucleocapsid MAB 1F1 detected antigen in the intra- and perinuclear compartments. By use of radioimmune precipitation, protein A of Staphylococcus aureus was found to bind directly to the nucleocapsid polypeptide, without the requirement for specific antibody. Using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated protein A, the intranuclear accumulation of the nucleoprotein of Berne virus was confirmed by results of immunofluorescence.

The normal blood supply to the canine mandible and mandibular teeth was determined by microangiography and correlated histology. Branches of the inferior alveolar artery supplied the cortical bone of the mandibular body. Vessels from the periosteal and endosteal surfaces supplied symphyseal cortical bone. Direct vascular anastomoses were not found to cross the fibrous mandibular symphysis. Blood supply to the mandibular teeth was via dental arteries derived from the inferior alveolar artery, with interdental and interradicular arteries supplying the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament.

Nintey nonanesthetized 7- to 16-week-old pigs were studied, using 2-dimensional echocardiography that permits orientation of a targeted M-mode beam perpendicular to structures being studied and allows serial studies of the same cardiac regions. Normative data were obtained and included body weight and measurements of left atrial diameter, mitral valve excursion, aortic root diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, and left ventricular fractional shortening. A positive correlation was found between body weight and measurements of left atrial diameter, mitral valve excursion, aortic root diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, and fractional shortening. A correlation was found between body weight and age. Best-fit analysis resulted in all measurements fitting either a first- or second-degree polynomial.

Efficacy of a repositol formulation of melengestrol acetate (MGA) for inhibition of pregnancy was determined in one hundred 14- to 16-month-old beef heifers. Nonpregnant heifers were allocated on the basis of weight into 5 groups of 20 heifers each and were given 0, 30, 60, 90, or 120 mg of repositol MGA, SC, on day 0. Four bulls, determined to be satisfactory potential breeders, were pastured with the heifers from postinjection days (PID) 7 to 177. The day of gesation was estimated for each heifer by rectal palpation at PID 59, 91, 134, 177, and 225. Heifers not pregnant by PID 177 were assigned a day of conception of greater than 177. For heifers given 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg of MGA, respectively, the percentage pregnant at PID 177 was 95, 95, 50, 15, and 15%, and the median day of estimated conception was PID 21, 87, 175, greater than 177, and greater than 177. Repositol MGA significantly (P less than 0.001) affected the distribution of conception times over all doses. Average daily gain (+/- SEM) for 178 days was 0.28 +/- 0.04 kg, 0.24 +/- 0.03 kg, 0.33 +/- 0.04 kg, 0.40 +/- 0.03 kg, and 0.35 +/- 0.03 kg for heifers given 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg of MGA, respectively. Increased dose of repositol MGA was associated with increased average daily gain, but this effect was not apparent when days pregnant were taken into account. Repositol MGA was an effective contraceptive for pastured heifers and the duration of its effect was dose-dependent.

The antibody responses to the capsular carbohydrate (CC) purified from Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 were determined by an ELISA using 135 sera from 6 calves vaccinated with phosphate-buffered saline solution, formalin-killed P haemolytica bacterins, live P haemolytica, or an extract of P haemolytica referred to as carbohydrate-protein subunit (CPS). Calves vaccinated with live P haemolytica, bacterins, or CPS developed serum antibodies to CC. Bacterins containing Freund incomplete adjuvant or Freund complete adjuvant induced higher antibody responses than did bacterins containing aluminum hydroxide. In 4 of 6 experiments, high antibody responses to CC were significantly (P less than 0.05) correlated with resistance to transthoracic challenge exposure with P haemolytica. When calves were challenge exposed with a dose of P haemolytica that was 4.5 times greater than the standard challenge exposure dose or when calves that had been vaccinated with CPS were challenge exposed, antibody responses did not significantly (P greater than 0.05) correlate with resistance to challenge exposure. The amount of serum antibodies to CPS increased significantly (P less than 0.05) when calves were vaccinated with live or killed P haemolytica or with CPS, compared with that in calves given saline solution. In 5 of 6 experiments, correlation between high antibody responses and resistance to challenge exposure was significant (P less than 0.05). The correlation between those variables was not significant (P less than 0.07) for CPS-vaccinated calves. In the ELISA, treatment of CPS with sodium m-periodate, to oxidize periodate-sensitive carbohydrate epitopes, failed to markedly alter the antibody response to CPS. However, the correlation between high antibody responses to periodate-treated CPS and resistance was significant (P less than 0.05) for all 6 experiments. In the ELISA, periodate treatment of CC, lipopolysaccharide, and CPS caused average reductions in antibody reactivity of 7.1%, 53.8%, and 34.5%, respectively. Preadsorption of sera with CC or lipopolysaccharide did not markedly reduce antibody reactivity with CPS. Preadsorption of sera with CC and reaction with periodate-treated and nontreated CPS indicatedthat for calves given phosphate-buffered saline solution vaccines, antibody reactivity was reduced 65.4%, whereas for those vaccinated with a bacterin with aluminum hydroxide, a bacterin with Freund incomplete adjuvant, or live P haemolytica, antibody reactivity was reduced 47.1%, 40.5%, and 25.0%, respectively. It was concluded that serum antibodies to CC are of some importance in resistance and that certain epitopes in CPS that are not sensitive to periodate are of importance in resistance to bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. There are qualitative and quantitative differences among the serum antibody responses to carbohydrate epitopes for calves vaccinated with phosphate-buffered saline solution, bacterins, or live P haemolytica.

Cytoplasmic proteins from unsporulated and sporulated Eimeria maxima oocysts were analyzed by gel-filtration column chromatography. Unsporulated oocysts were characterized as having 3 major cytoplasmic proteins and sporulated oocysts as having 5 major cytoplasmic proteins. Molecular weights ranged from 5 X 10(3) to 1.4 X 10(6). Larger molecular weight proteins were detected in sporulated and unsporulated oocysts, but were associated more with sporocysts of sporulated oocysts.

In vitro activities of 9-([2-hydroxyethoxy] methyl) guanine (acyclovir), (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'deoxyuridine, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (vidarabine), 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (idoxuridine), and 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (trifluridine) were studied against 6 strains of feline herpesvirus-1. A significant difference was not detected among viral strains in their susceptibility to these compounds (P = 0.442). The relative potency of these compounds was trifluridine greater than greater than idoxuridine greater than virdarabine greater than bromovinyldeoxyuridine greater than greater than acyclovir. Concentrations of trifluridine and idoxuridine (0.67 and 6.8 micromole, respectively) required to reduce plaque numbers by 50%, compared with that of controls, were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than were those of other compounds.

The distribution of postganglionic autonomic nerve fibers in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid of dogs was studied by use of histochemical techniques. Adrenergic nerve distribution was identified by use of the sucrose-potassium phosphate-glyoxylic acid technique. A loose network of adrenergic nerves was found throughout the interstitium around acini and blood vessels and in vessel walls. Acetylcholinesterase staining was used to identify cholinergic nerve fibers. A cholinergic distribution pattern around acini and blood vessels similar to the adrenergic pattern was found, although the cholinergic innervation appeared more dense than the adrenergic. In the gland of the third eyelid, mucus-secreting lobules and lipid-secreting lobules appeared to be equally innervated by parasympathetic fibers. These lobules could not be differentiated when the sucrose-potassium phosphate-glyoxylic acid technique was used. The techniques used in this study could not demonstrate whether direct contact was made by either cholinergic or adrenergic nerve fiber with secretory or myoepithelial cells. The presence of both nerve fiber types around acini suggests an interrelationship between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in lacrimal gland secretion in dogs.