The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of androgenic–anabolic steroids Sustanon 20 mg/ kg on oxidative stress. Twenty male rats weredivided into four groups treated for 4 weeks as once weekly treatment. The 1st groupconsidered as control group, the 2nd group injected with sustanon 20 mg/kgintramuscularly, the 3rd group injected with sustanon intramuscularly 20 mg/kg andthen orally dosage of vitamin E 100 mg\kg, and 4th group got orally dosage of vitaminE 100 mg/kg. The results revealed significant decrease in glutathione level in theserum and tissue of brain and liver in sustanon group as compared with control, whilethere is significant increase in malondialdehyde level in the serum of sustanon groupas compared with control The result showed no different between the groups treatedwith sustanon alone and with sustanon and vitamin E.All the pathological changes have been recorded for the sustanon group onlywhile there were no pathological changes for other groups. The gross pathologicalchanges showed congestion of heart and liver in sustanon group.. The microscopicchanges of heart showed vacuolar degeneration of cardiac cells and edema between it.Liver showed necrosis of hepatic cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells. Lungsrevealed pneumonia with thickening of wall of alveoli and bronchioles byinflammatory cells, and emphysema of alveoli. We conclude from this study that sustanon in high dose have an effect onincrease oxidative stress, macroscopic and microscopic pathological changes in heart,liver and lung, and no effect of vitamin E in this study

Heat shock proteins Hsp70 proteins belong to the heat shock protein family, boost cellssurvival in hostile environments, involved in many cellular biological processes. Thepolymorphism of hsp70 gene relates to the possibility of tolerating different stressconditions. This study was carried out during 1st April to 31th June 2016, 20 Arabi Rams,known fertility, 2 – 2.5 years old, from the Agricultural Research Station / College ofAgriculture / University of Basra, Iraq, were used, Semen was collected by using theartificial vagina, after training well. DNA extracted then Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)amplified sequencing, BLAST analysis and multiple sequence alignment were carried out.The results showed two haplotypes, haplotype G1 , haplotype G٢ compared with samegene in GenBank, all mutations were silent except the mutation is site 514 was missenseappeared in G1. It concluded that the Arabi rams in Iraq have new polymorphism ofhsp70 gene which can help cope with difficult environmental conditions

This study was conducted to prepare a database about hair follicles of Shami goat skin and to compare itwith that of Black goat. To achieve this goal, a comparative topographic histological study of 10 areas ofShami goat skin and similar areas of the Black goat skin was performed. Samples of 10 male animals (5)Shami goats and (5) Black goats used in this study were clinically healthy, 1-2 years old . Hair follicles inmost studied areas were of the composite type of primary and secondary hair follicles in both animals exceptfor the ventral surface area of the tail where primary follicles were present only. The length of hair folliclesin Black goats of all studied areas was longer than that of Shami goats. However, the depth of hair folliclesin skin of Shami goats was significantly lower than that of Black goats, indicating that the angle of hairfollicles in Shami goats is greater than those of Black goats. The follicles in Black goats were larger thanthose of Shami goats, indicating that the Shami goats hair was softer than that of Black goats. Shami goatshair had softness more than that of Black goat' hair. This softness is attributed to the increases the ratio ofsecondary hair follicles to primary hair follicles in Shami goats in most studied areas compared with those inBlack goats. The follicular arrangement was studied in both species, however, the triangular arrangement ofthe follicles was predominant in both animals except for the ventral area of the tail, where the trio folliculararrangement appeared only in the Shami goats and did not appear in the Black goats where they spreaduniformly and not in groups.

This work conducted on six healthy adult male (Gazella Subgutturosa) brought from naturalreserve in Qusaybah. The animals were slaughtered and the kidneys were quickly removed. TheRenal width, lengths at superior and inferior poles, thickness and the volume were measured. Adigital vernier caliper was used for performing the measurements. The right and left kidneyswere weighted by digital electrical balance. The data were statistically analyzed. The left andright kidneys were bean in shape, solid in texture and red to brown in color with smooth surface.Each kidney was covered by renal fascia and thin fibrous capsule, Para and pre-renal largeamount of adipose tissue were predominant. The mean weight of the right kidney was heavierthan the left kidney, the left kidney was located more caudally, the kidney/Body weight ratio was(1/303).The cortex medulla index was (1/4). The kidney of gazelle was anatomically similar tothe kidney of sheep and goat; the cortex medulla index revealed that the black-tail gazelle wasefficient for water conservation. The present study has provided important information on therenal morphometry which will be use for wild animal medicine and surgery.

This study carried out in College of Veterinary Medicine /University of Basrah toevaluate the effect of different doses of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) on Thyroid functions inChlorpyrifos (CPF) treated male rats. Fifty adult male rats were used and randomly dividedinto five equal groups, 10 rats per each group: Group 1(control) administered orally cornoil(1ml /kg.bw) , whereas first treated group administered CPF 1/20th LD50 (6.7 mg/kg bw).Group 3, 4 and 5 were administered CPF (6.7mg /kg.bw) plus PSO(20, 40, and 80 ) mg/kg.bwrespectively. The treatments were given once daily by oral gavages for 8 weeks. At the end ofthe experiment, animals were sacrificed and blood samples were obtained for evaluation ofthyroid hormones (T4 and T3 ) and tissue samples from thyroid gland kept in 10% neutralformalin for histopathological examination.The results indicated that male rats treated with Chlorpyrifos demostreated a significantincrease (P<0.05) in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and a significant decrease (P<0.05) inthyroxin(T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormones compared with control group.Histopathological examination of CPF treated males showed that thyroid gland revealeddestruction of thyroid follicles with infiltration of macrophages on the site of folliculardestruction. On other hand groups treated with 20,40 and 80 mg pumpkin seed oil inducedimprovement in above cited parameters and histological changes in dose dependent manner

Chronic Hepatitis B is a major global health problem worldwide, However, twoBillion People could be infected with this disease Worldwide. Living organismsrequire varying amounts of heavy metals. Such as manganese(Mn), cobalt(Co) andzinc(Zn). Some heavy metals have bio-importance, but the bio toxic effects of manyof them in human biochemistry are of great concern. Heavy metals are essentialmicronutrients involved in many metabolic processes. One hundred sixty patientsamples and thirty healthy individuals were investigated in this study. All patientsincluded in this research are tested positive for the HBSAg test and their specimenswere examined by profile test which includes (HBS Ab, HBe Ag, HBe Ab, HBc Ab,(IgM-IgG), HCV and HIV) and also viral load (HBV PCR) with unit (copies/ml)were carried to test the patients sera. Manganese, chromium, cobalt, and nickel havelevels were determined by using inductively Coupled plasma- Mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Results show a significant increase in the concentration of manganese,chromium, cobalt, and nickel in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B compared to healthy individuals. We conclude that hepatitis B may affect the level of studiedelements in patients infected with HBV.

The study was done on sixty bird divided equally into four groups, firstgroup untreated control, second group low dose, third group intermediatedose and forth group high dose. The toxic effect of aflatoxin B2 in pigeonresult in histopathological changes in digestive tract mainly interstatial edemain muscular layer of muscularis externa with prominent (thicken) muscularisexterna, large blood vessels in the serosa with congestion perivascularfibrosis and prominent adipose tissue and elongation of villi of smallintestine, vacuolation of ilet of Langerhans of pancreas. In theproventricullus, prominent lamina properia and focal congestion and dilatedmucus gland of lamina properia. proventricullus with dilated mucous gland.In the respiratory system in lung areas of inflammatory cells in alveoli. Innervous system in brain with vacuolation in white matter.

Hydatidosis is an endemic disease in Iraq till now and it causes highly economiclooses . the aim of the following study was to investigate the histopathological effectof hydatid cyst on kidney function .11% total percentage were recorded among kidney of experimentally infected malemice with hydatid cyst in the current study and many pathological changes were alsoreported.The present study has explained that the infection with hydatid disease affect on thekidney function after examination of Blood urea nitrogen that related to kidneyfunction and reporting increase of its level .

The present study was carried out to identify the morphological description and histological structureof liver and pancreas in mongoose . Six adult males mongoose from Al-Basra province were used inthis study and were transferred to the anatomy branch of veterinary medicine, and were sacrificed forcollecting the livers , pancreas and fixation 10% formalin. The morphological study revealed that theliver in adult mongoose was located in cranial part of abdominal cavity , caudal and ventrally to theheart and was associated with stomach .the mongoose's liver is composed of six chief lobes.Histological examination result revealed that the liver consist of several lobules separated from eachother by trabeculae of connective tissue extend from the basic unit of the parenchyma of liver ishepatocyte which arranged in plates or cords like that radiated around the central vein and betweenthese cords there is sinusoids lined by a layer of fenestrated endothelial cells and Kupffer's cells .in theboundary of each lobule showed portal area which consist of hepatic artery : hepatic vein and bile ductlining by cuboidal cells .The result appeared that the pancreas in adult mongoose is roughly U in shape, it has yellow palecolor and lies rather to the dorsal side of the duodenum, between it and the stomach . it has divided intothree parts, the right lobe, body, and left lobe . the pancreas is composed exocrine and endocrine tissues.The exocrine portion consists of clusters of pyramidal cells, which are mostly organized in acini. thecells have a dark basophilic cytoplasm, distinct basal nuclei, and many large eosinophilic zymogengranules containing enzymes ,Trypsinogen and Chymotrypsinogen responsible for the digestion ofproteins, carbohydrates, fats and nucleotides. The endocrine portion of the pancreas consist of smallclusters of glandular epithelial cells called pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans). However , the lackof studies in Iraq on this type, so this study came to provide us with information on the major glands ofthe digestive system.

The present study was designed on 21 model cows in Mesopotamia fordiagnosis and treatment metabolic alkalosis cases. With a modern analyticalinstruments like VetStat Electrolyte Blood Gas Analyzer, our results showed anelevation in blood gases values accompanied with a significant (P < 0.01) decline inelectrolytes levels especially K (1.2 mEq/l) and Cl (77 mEq/l)). Logarithmic statisticaltherapy recording an effective tool we are used for combat metabolic alkalosis incattle.It was concluded from the current study that supposed therapeutic therapy waseffective in the correction and treatment of metabolic alkalosis in cows without lessside effects.