Lungworms are found to be a serious problem in pigs by causing severe infections.  The  worms  were  collected  during  post  mortem  from  a  6  year  old male, non – descriptive pig at Periyeri hamlet of Thurinjikuppam, Polur taluk, Thiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu which was raised and hand fed as a single animal and had access to the agricultural field. On post mortem examination, the trachea was severely congested and occluded with pus and the lungs were congested in which the lung worms wriggled out with pus while sectioning the lungs. The worms were morphologically identified as Metastrongylus sp.in a non-descriptive pig in Tamil Nadu.

Food business incubation centre (FBIC) under the Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University established during 2014 hadfacilitated the farmers, students and entrepreneurs in terms of training, consultancy, external project and incubation services. To evaluate the performance of the Food Business Incubation Centre on incubation services, data were collected for a period of 10 years from 2014-15 to 2023-24 and analyzed. The study also included the available data from the financial year 2018-19 to 2023-24 to assess the types ofvisitors and their purpose of visit to the incubation centre and the data were analyzed. It was concluded that majority of the incubatees utilized the FBIC for the incubation services in the area of dairy processing. Totally 14 members successfully graduated of which 50 % of them were female. The highest number of visits was recorded during the financial year 2022-2023 and the maximum of the visitor category was students from schools and colleges and only 9.7 % of the visitors were business aspirants out of the total visitors during the study period.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the occurrence of enterotoxigenic B. cereus from 200 samples including 100 raw milk, 50pasteurized milk and 50 ice cream samples sold in Puducherry. The results revealed that 68 samples (34 %) belonged to B. cereus group which included 36 from raw milk (36%), 9 from pasteurized milk (18%) and 23 from ice cream samples (46 %). On PCR analysis, 64 out of 68 isolates showed the presence of gyrB gene which differentiates B. cereus from B. cereus group isolates. Multiplex PCR revealed the presence of four enterotoxigenic genes hblA, nheA, cytK and entF Min 32.35 %, 77.94 %>, 54.41 % and 94.12% of the 64 isolates. On biofilm production assay, out of 64 enterotoxigenic B. cereus isolates, 60 (93.75 %) isolates showed the ability to form biofilm in which 13 (20.31 %) were strong, 21 (32.81 %) were moderate and26 (40.63 %) were weak biofilm producers. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G and sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, vancomycin, streptomycin and norfloxacin. The current study directs the need for proper hygienic measures during collection, production, processing and storage of milk to reduce the contamination level. It also indicates the need for surveillance and action to reduce the contamination of enterotoxigenic B. cereus in milk and milk products in Puducherry.

The optimization of Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) as a healthy alternative to refined wheat flour (RWF) in chicken nuggets was investigated to assess dietary fibre enrichment. Replacement was performed at four levels: 5% (Tl), 6% (T2), 7% (T3), and 10% (T4), while control nuggets were prepared using RWF. Product quality, texture profile, sensory evaluation, and dietary fibre content were assessed. Emulsion stability and product yield remained statistically similar, with improved textural characteristics observed up to 7% replacement with Kodo millet. The product's acceptance was highly significant (P<0.01) at 7% inclusion (7.61±0.32), with dietary fibre enrichment showing a 126.49% increase over the control. The findings concluded that 7% Kodo millet flour inclusion is the optimal level for dietary fibre enhancement in functional chicken meat nuggets.

Goats are highly susceptible to endoparasitic infections due to free grazing habits. The present study was reported for concurrent infection ofMoniezia expansa and Haemonchus contortus in two goats from a flock of 40 goats in Orathanadu, Thanjavur. History included anorexia, foetid diarrhoea and jowl edema in goats. On clinical examination, pyrexia, pale conjunctival mucous membrane, pasty diarrhoeic faeces, bottle jaw and abdominal thudding were noticed. Coproscopy revealed Moniezia expansa eggs and strongyle eggs and faecal culture revealed Haemonchus contortus larvae. Uneventful recovery was noticed in goats after treating with praziquantel and fenbendazole for 3 days with supportive therapy.

A six year old female buffalo was presented with history ofparturition before 4 days and accidental feeding of about 4 litres own colostrum by the owner. Clinical examination revealed anorexia, circling, excitation and wandering behavior, mucoid hard sticky feces, absence of water intake and ruminal atony. pH of ruminal fluid was 8.5. The buffalo was successfully treated with vinegar, multivitamin, chlorpheneramine maleate, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate and fluid therapy and recovery was seen on 3rd day. In conclusion, colostrum feeding in adult buffalo can cause alkaline indigestion which can be successfully treated with vinegar and supportive fluid therapy.

A Dalmatian dog -was brought to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar with a complaint of erythematous lesions, alopecia and intense itching and had been treated for a long time. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed based on the history and the exclusion of other infectious agents as potential causes of the dermatitis. The dog was treated with oclacitinib, antibacterial, fatty acids and antihistaminic medications and showed remarkable improvement after therapy.

In India, small and marginal farmers, comprising 85% of the farming community, are pivotal to the rural economy. Addressing the rising demands amidst agricultural resource scarcity requires a holistic approach like Integrated Farming System (IFS). This method combines crop production, livestock, fishery, waste management, and poultry production synergistically. IFS boosts productivity, utilizes resources efficiently, and enhances food production, stabilizing income and ensuring nutritional security. A study in Karaikal district, Union Territory of Puducherry, which was an agricultural land and the entire farm revealed a benefit­cost ratio of 1.75, demonstrating IFS's potential in overcoming population growth and resource challenges.

Mastitis, a prevalent inflammatory condition in the mammary gland of dairy cattle, is primarily caused by bacterial infections and results in reduced milk   production and quality. There are two main types of mastitis: clinical and subclinical. Clinical mastitis is visible through symptoms such as swelling, redness, and abnormal milk secretion, while subclinical mastitis lacks visible signs but still impacts milk production and quality. The economic and health impacts of mastitis in cattle are profound, leading to reduced milk yield, increased veterinary costs, and potential culling of affected animals, contributing to substantial financial losses in the dairy industry. Traditionally, mastitis has been detected through clinical observation, somatic cell count (SCC) analysis, and microbiological tests. However, early detection, especially of subclinical cases, remains challenging. Infrared thermography (IRT) has emerged as a promising, non-invasive tool for early mastitis detection by capturing temperature variations in the udder caused by inflammation. IRT enables the identification of heat patterns associated with infections before clinical signs are visible. This study investigates the potential of IRT as a reliable and cost-effective method for early detection of mastitis in cattle, contributing to  improved  animal  health  and  reduced  economic  losses  for  dairy  farmers

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is raising public health concerns globally and random use of ineffective antibiotics in dogs creates great trouble during therapeutic interventions. Antibiogram determines the antibiotics to which a particular microorganism is susceptible, allowing clinicians to select the most effective treatment. This approach ensures use of antibiotics judiciously and in proper doses, helping to curb the development of resistant strains. Antibiogram studies were performed in 12 dogs affected with open and closed-cervix pyometra. Group I contained six dogs with open- cervix pyometra and Group II contained six dogs with closed-cervix pyometra. All the dogs were treated with mifepristone @ 2.5 mg/kg body weight twice daily for five days orally and from third day onwards, after ensuring the cervical patency, cloprostenol was administered @ 5 μg/kg body weight subcutaneously as once daily injection, on every third day, till complete emptying of uterus, as evaluated by ultrasonography. Bacterial isolation and antibiogram studies were carried out using sterile anterior vaginal swabs collected from the affected dogs on the day of presentation in Group I and once the discharge was started in Group II. Gram’s reaction revealed mixed isolates in eight out of 12 samples collected. Gram negative bacilli were the predominant isolate obtained from both the groups. On antibiogram studies, maximum sensitivity in Group I isolates was noticed to ceftriaxone-sulbactam (66.67%), followed by gentamicin (50%), amoxicillin clavulanic acid (50%), amoxicillin (33.33%), ciprofloxacin (33.33%), cefotaxime (33.33%), co- trimoxazole (33.33%), metronidazole (33.33%) and enrofloxacin (16.67%). Maximum sensitivity in Group II was noticed to amoxicillin- clavulanic acid and gentamicin (83.33%) followed by ciprofloxacin and metronidazole (50%), cefotaxime (33.33%), amoxicillin (16.67%), ceftriaxone-sulbactam (16.67%), co-trimoxazole (16.67%), enrofloxacin (16.67%).