During 2005, velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) caused a major outbreak among commercial broiler chicken in Egypt. The outbreak raised concerns regarding the protective immunity of commercially available vaccines for prevention and control of this virus in poultry. The virus was isolated from broiler farm suffered from more than 95% mortalities. The isolate was confirmed not to be avian influenza virus (AIV) by rapid chromatographic strip test, and characterized as NDV using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which amplified a portion of the fusion gene of NDV and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. This isolate confirmed to be velogenic viscerotropic NDV by mean death time (MDT) test and pathogenicity to 7-week old chickens. We tried to determine whether the existing commercial live NDV La Sota vaccine could provide protection against the isolated virus or not. Birds received a single dose of live La Sota type vaccine at 3 weeks of age and were challenged 2 weeks postvaccination with a lethal dose of NDV. Results indicated that the live vaccine did not protect against morbidity but reduced mortality in comparison to controls. All unvaccinated control chickens challenged with NDV died within 5 days post-challenge (pc). Protection from disease did not correlate with the presence of antibody titers (determined by HI) at day of challenge. These results underscore the need to develop new NDV vaccines and vaccine strategies for use during outbreak situations to protect birds from both disease and infection and to reduce virus shedding.

A comparison of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and packed cell volume (PCV) was made between cattle undergoing lethal and non-lethal reactions following experimental infections with the apicomplexan protozoa, Theileria parva Katete. This work confirmed that anaemia occurs in infected animals. However, the fall in PCV was steeper in lethal reactions compared to non-lethal reactions. Our results show that animals with initially lower MCV values are more prone to fatal reaction, despite having normal PCV profiles. The study also found that small red blood cells are more likely to be infected with T. parva. These findings suggest that animals with a higher proportion of small red blood cells in circulation will be more likely to succumb to T. parva infections. The potential for using MCV as a predictor of the outcome of infection challenge is discussed.

The use of bovine saliva as a wound dressing rriaterial. In the present study, bovine saliva was_ applied to experimental by second intention on the eilrperimental wounds in rats , and it's effects on _ epithelization, wound contraction newly formed granulation tissue. T f I . We evaluated the time interval required for wound healing using a standard wound with and without bovine saliva. The bovine saliva did interfere with a normal development of wound healing. - Histological evaluation was considered to parameters the effect of bovine saliva on wound healing. The effect appear to be due to an increase collagen activity , consequently improving the T _ collagen matrix and enhancing the breaking strength by lysosomes with saliva

The baicterial and fungal population in the rumen fluid was measured by using, different V cultures mediia and incubation temperature. The Psychrophil, Camel, higher mean of mesophils,‘ psychrophilsj, coli form and fungi count was found in the rumenal fluid of sheep. While higher mean of staphylococci and Escherichia coli count was observed in the rumenal fluid of camel. Significant mean difference among microbial population in the rumenal fluid was observed between camel and sheep and between sheep and cow concerning the psychrophilic bacteria Also _ significant mean difference was observed in E coli mean count among camel ,sheep and cow I, rumenal fluid microbial population .There was no significant difference in the mean count of mesophils ,coliforrn ,staphy1ococci and fungi. A freshly isolated _E.coli from rumenal fluid of camel had antibacterial activity against ' Streptococcus: spp and Staph aureus

The pathogens listed under dogs and cats include the pathogens of males and females for the species. The pathogen of cats is lesser than of dogs because of difficulty in catching and handling the cats. The pathogens are referred by their first laboratory confirmer(s), except for the bacterial pathogens which are listed without the confirmer(s) due to the uncertainty of the first confirmer (s). The microorganismes from healthy tissues are not included. The mentioned investigations and research studies confirmed 82 pathogens in dogs and 26 in cats

Sixty fishes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were obtained from the farm of Marine Science Center, University of Basrah. These fishes were divided into six groups (10 fishes/20 liters aquaria). One of these groups was injected intraperitoneally (I.P.) with an isolate of non-hemolytic Streptococcus at a concentration of 1 X 104 CFU/ ml. The other two groups were inoculated with 2.5 X 107 CFU/ ml of the same isolate via water pollution, one with and the other without skin abrasion. The other three groups were left as control and the experimental period was 35 days. The mortality rate was 100% in the I.P. inoculated group during the first week of the experiment, while nil in the other groups. The most important clinical signs of I.P. inoculated fishes were corneal opacity, erratic swimming, hemorrhage on the body surface especially in the base of fins. The other groups did not show any signs. Postmortem examination revealed general pathological changes of septicemia. Hemorrhage in the peritoneum, liver, kidney, gills, intestine, heart and brain of affected fishes. The kidneys were moderately swollen, enlarged spleen, pale liver as well as inflammation was noticed around kidney, heart and eye. Hyperplasia and necrosis of gills have been seen. Ascetic was also seen, while internal examination of other groups which were inoculated by aquarium with and without skin abrasion as well as their control groups did not reveal any obvious postmortem changes during the experiment. Microscopic examination revealed edema and inflammation of brain, eye exhibited hemorrhage and inflammatory cells infiltration, thickening of epithelial tissue of gills followed by necrosis and sloughing of these tissues. Degeneration and inflammation of myocytes and cardiocytes. Hydropic and fatty degeneration, congestion, hemorrhage and necrosis of hepatic cells. Glomerulonephritis and. depletion of hemopoitic tissue in kidney

Stool samples were collected from 7537 persons attending Qurna hospital in Basrah from the period of Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2005 were examined and studied to define the role of intestinal protozoal infections ( Entamoeba histolytica , Giardia lamblia and mixed infection ) in rural region (Qurna) and effect of risk factors of age and sex related to these parasites. A high percentage of patient (29.2%) had infection with Entamoeba histolytica followed by (15.0%) infected with Giardia lamblia. The influences of age on infection with Entamoeba histolytica was studied, a higher incidence is found at >45yr. (35.7%) and also at (1-14)yr. age groups (31.9%).whereas the high percentage in Giardia lamblia infection (21.5%) was found within the age group (30-45)yr. Significant difference (p<0.05) was seen in the rate of infection with Entamoeba histolytica between males (33.9%) and females (26.7%) and No significant difference (p<0.05) have been found in the infection rate in Giardia lamblia (16.4%) were male and (14.7%) were females and mixed infection (11.2%) were males and (10.7%) were females.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding raw garlic in the diets on certain hematological and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Total of (40) birds (one day old) were used for this study. The birds divided randomly and equally into (4) treatment groups which fed on one of the following for 56 days: group (1) was fed on 10% raw garlic with basal diet, group (2) was fed on 5% raw garlic with basal diet, group (3) fed on basal diet and antibiotic (Ampicillin) which was added to the drinking water and group (4) fed on basal diet only (control group) The results showed that there were no significant alteration in PCV and RBCs in the group which fed on 10% raw garlic compared with the control one, however these group showed significant (p

The microbial quality of beef carcasses, sanitary conditions in butchers’ shops and possibility of the presence of human pathogens associated with food poisoning outbreaks such as salmonella and staphylococci was investigated in 160 samples of beef carcasses, cutting blocks, knives, workers’ hands and air (32 samples for each) during January and ended in June. All samples examined bacteriologically for aerobic plate count, total coliform count, Staphylococcus aureus count and an attempt was made for isolation and identification Salmonella spp. This study have shown that there was a gradual increment in the count of all microorganisms starting in January and ending with June, the minimum mean of aerobic plate count of beef carcasses was 27.32x104 cfu/cm2 in January where as the maximum mean was 79.94x104 cfu/cm2 in June, the minimum mean of total coliform count was 0.67x103 cfu/cm2 in January and the maximum mean was 1.16x103 cfu/cm2 in June. The minimum mean of Staphylococcus aureus count was 7.36x102 cfu/cm2 in January whereas the maximum mean was 27.11x102 cfu/cm2 in June. The same results were observed in the cutting blocks, knives, and workers’ hands concerning the minimum and maximum mean count of the studied bacteria. Salmonella could not be isolated from any examined samples and the percentage of Coagulase positive Staph. aureus which were isolated from beef carcasses, cutting blocks, knives and workers’ hands samples was 100%.