Purpose. To study the stability and plasticity of spring rapeseed varieties, in order to assess their adaptability potential in the Steppe, Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones, and also select the most ecologically plastic varieties among them. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical and statistical. Results. Seven varieties of spring rapeseed, included in the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine, were studied on indicators of plasticity and stability of yield traits, weight of 1000 seeds, protein and oil content. The highly plastic intensive varieties ‘DK 7150 CL’, ‘DK 7160 CL’ and ‘Sunder’ were selected for yield among the studied varieties, which are able to respond appropriately to changing of growing conditions. Varieties ‘DK 7150 CL’ and ‘DK 7160 CL’ belong to intensive varieties for the parameter of weight of 1000 seeds. The variety ‘Sunder’ was also highly plastic for this parameter. The varieties ‘Axana’, ‘Bilder’ and ‘CLICK CL’, according to their protein content, belong to the intensive type varieties that are capable of combining sufficiently high valu­es of the studied parameter with its stability under changing conditions. Variety ‘DK 7150 CL’, which was low-plastic, has a rather low positive value of the average group deviation of the reaction stability coefficient, therefore, it can be attributed to widely adapted genotypes. Varieties ‘DK 7160 CL’, ‘DK 7175 CL’ and ‘Sander’ belong to highly plastic intensive varieties in oil content. Varieties ‘DK 7175 CL’, ‘Builder’ and ‘CLICK CL’ are showed high stability for yield, varieties ‘Axana’, ‘Sunder’ and ‘CLICK CL’ for weight of 1000 seeds. The varie­ties ‘DK 7160 CL’, ‘DK 7175 CL’, ‘DK 7150 CL’ and ‘Sunder’ were highly stable in protein content, in oil content – varieties ‘DK 7150 CL’, ‘Axana’, ‘Builder’ and ‘CLICK CL’. Conclusions. It were established that high-intensity varieties for yield and weight of 1000 seeds in the Steppe, Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones are ‘DC 7160 CL’ and ‘DK 7150 CL’, for protein content – varieties ‘Axana’, ‘Builder’ and ‘CLICK CL’, for oil content – varieties ‘DK 7160 CL’, ‘DK 7175 CL’ and ‘Sunder’. The evaluation of the plasticity and stability of rapeseed varieties, which were included in the State register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine, makes it possible to select varieties that belong to the intensive type. According to the research results, varieties which are able to successfully adapt to the limiting environmental factors and stress in various soil and climatic zones have been selected.

This contribution is based on the six presentations given at the Special Interest Group meeting on Mathematical modelling of fungal growth and function held during IMC9. The topics covered aspects of fungal growth ranging across several orders of magnitude of spatial and temporal scales from the biomechanics of spore ejection, vesicle trafficking and hyphal tip growth to the form and function of mycelial networks. Each contribution demonstrated an interdisciplinary approach to questions at specific scales. Collectively, they represented a significant advance in the multi-scale understanding offungal biology.

Purpose. To study the effect of different sowing periods, seed sowing rates onto morphological and crop capacity indicators of oilseeds flax of Ukrainian varieties: ‘Orfei’, ‘Svito­zir’ and ‘Vodohrai’. Methods. The research was conducted in 2018–2019 in the branch of Ukrainian institute of plant varieties expertise in Khmelnytsky oblast state centre of plant varieties expertise, village Trebukhivtsi, Letychiv region, Khmelnytsky oblast. The following factors are studied: sowing period (15, 20, 25 April); seed sowing rates in million items per hectare (4, 6, 8); varieties of oilseed flax from The Institute of oilseed plants of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine: ‘Orfei’, ‘Svitozir’ and ‘Vodo­hrai’. Embedding experiments, material estimation, plants, harvest and seeds analysis are done in accordance with the “The method for the qualification examination of plant varieties for suitability for distribution in Ukraine”. Results. The credible difference between the variants according to the rate of sowing the seed and the terms of so­wing was defined. The estimation of the oilseed flax varieties according to the morphological and harvesting indicators was done. The variety of oilseed flaxseed ‘Svitlozar’ demonstrated higher harvest rate and morphological indicators in a so­wing period of 20–25 April and the sowing rate 6 and 8 million seed per1 hectare. It was also revealed, that regardless of a variety, the sowing rate of 6 million seeds per one hec­tare is the best of all. A better number of capsules, the seeds in the capsules and the weight of the seeds in the plant was formed by the variety ‘Svitlozir’ compared to the varieties ‘Orfei’ and ‘Vodohrai’. With early sowing period, the smal­-lest values of morphological and yield indices were observed in the varieties of flaxseed, irrespective of the variety and norms of seeding. Conclusions. For more full realization of the genetic potential of the varieties of oilseed flax according to the morphological and harvest indicators in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe the sawing rate must be 8 million seeds per one hectare, and the sawing period of 20–25 April. The variety ‘Svitlozir’ is characterized by its higher crop capacity and morphological indicators

Мета. Вивчити вплив різних строків сівби, норм висіву насіння на морфологічні та врожайні параметри сортів льону олійного Linum humile Mill. селекції Інституту олійних культур НААН України ‘Орфей’, ‘Світозір’ і ‘Водограй’.Методи. Дослідження проводили упродовж 2018–2019 рр. у філії Українського інституту експертизи сортів рослин – Хмельницькому обласному державному центрі експертизи сортів рослин, с. Требухівці Летичівського району Хмельницької області. Вивчали такі фактори: строк сівби (15, 20, 25 квітня); норму висіву насіння в млн шт./га (4,0; 6,0; 8,0); сорти льону олійного ‘Орфей’, ‘Світлозір’, ‘Водограй’. Закладання дослідів, оцінювання матеріалу, аналіз рослин, урожаю та якості насіння здійснювали відповідно до Методики проведення кваліфікаційної експертизи сортів рослин групи технічних і кормових на придатність до поширення в Україні.Результати. Встановили достовірну різницю між варіантами за нормою висіву насіння і строками сівби. Сорти льону олійного оцінили за морфологічними і врожайними показниками залежно від досліджуваних факторів. Вищу врожайність і кращі морфологічні показники за роки досліджень спостерігали у сорту льону олійного ‘Світлозір’ за строків сівби 20 та 25 квітня і норми висіву насіння 6,0 і 8,0 млн насінин на гектар. У всіх сортів кращою за усіма варіантами була норма висіву насіння 8,0 млн шт./га. Більшу кількість коробочок, кількість насінин у коробочці і масу насіння з однієї рослини формував сорт льону олійного ‘Світлозір’ порівняно із сортами ‘Орфей’ і ‘Водограй’ за вищезгаданих факторів. За раннього строку сівби незалежно від сорту і норми висіву насіння спостерігали найменші величини морфологічних і врожайних показників у рослин льону олійного.Висновки. Для повнішої реалізації генетичного потенціалу сортів льону олійного за врожайними і морфологічними показниками в умовах Лісостепу Західного норма висіву насіння повинна бути 6,0 і 8,0 млн шт./га за строків сівби 20 і 25 квітня. Вищою врожайністю і покращеними морфологічними показниками характеризувався сорт льону ‘Світлозір’. | Цель. Изучить влияние различных сроков посева, норм высева семян на морфологические и урожайные параметры сортов льна масличного Linum humile Mill. селекции Института масличных культур НААН Украины ‘Орфей’, ‘Світозір’ и ‘Водограй’.Методы. Исследования проводились на протяжении 2018–2019 гг. в филиале Украинского института экспертизы сортов растений  – Хмельницком областном государственном центре экспертизы сортов растений, с. Требуховцы Летичевского района Хмельницкой области. Изучали следующие факторы: срок посева (15, 20, 25 апреля); норму высева семян млн шт./га (4,0; 6,0; 8,0); сорта льна масличного ‘Орфей’, ‘Світлозір’, ‘Водограй’. Закладка опытов, оценка материала, анализ растений, урожая и качества семян проведены в соответствии с Методикой проведения квалификационной экспертизы сортов растений на пригодность к распространению в Украине.Результаты. Установили достоверную разницу между вариантами по норме высева семян и срокам посева. Сорта льна масличного оценили по морфологическим и урожайным показателям в зависимости от исследуемых факторов. Высшую урожайность и лучшие морфологические показатели за годы исследований наблюдали у сор­та льна масличного ‘Світлозір’ при сроке посева 20 и 25 апреля и норме высева семян 6,0 и 8,0 млн семян на гектар. Независимо от сорта лучшей по всем вариантам была норма высева семян 6,0 и 8,0 млн шт./га. Большее количество коробочек, количество семян в коробочке и массу семян с одного растения формировал сорт льна масличного ‘Світлозір’ по сравнению с сортами ‘Орфей’ и ‘Водограй’ за вышеупомянутыми факторами. При раннем сроке посева независимо от сорта и нормы высева наблюдали наименьшую величину морфологических и урожайных показателей у растений льна масличного.Выводы. Для более полной реализации генетического потенциала сортов льна масличного по морфологическим и урожайным показателям в условиях Лесостепи Западной норма высева семян должна составлять 6,0 и 8,0 млн шт./га при сроках посева 20 и 25 апреля. Высшей урожайностью и улучшенными морфологическими показателями характеризовался сорт льна ‘Світлозір’ | Purpose. To study the effect of different sowing periods, seed sowing rates onto morphological and crop capacity indicators of oilseeds flax of Ukrainian varieties: ‘Orfei’, ‘Svito­zir’ and ‘Vodohrai’. Methods. The research was conducted in 2018–2019 in the branch of Ukrainian institute of plant varieties expertise in Khmelnytsky oblast state centre of plant varieties expertise, village Trebukhivtsi, Letychiv region, Khmelnytsky oblast. The following factors are studied: sowing period (15, 20, 25 April); seed sowing rates in million items per hectare (4, 6, 8); varieties of oilseed flax from The Institute of oilseed plants of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine: ‘Orfei’, ‘Svitozir’ and ‘Vodo­hrai’. Embedding experiments, material estimation, plants, harvest and seeds analysis are done in accordance with the “The method for the qualification examination of plant varieties for suitability for distribution in Ukraine”. Results. The credible difference between the variants according to the rate of sowing the seed and the terms of so­wing was defined. The estimation of the oilseed flax varieties according to the morphological and harvesting indicators was done. The variety of oilseed flaxseed ‘Svitlozar’ demonstrated higher harvest rate and morphological indicators in a so­wing period of 20–25 April and the sowing rate 6 and 8 million seed per1 hectare. It was also revealed, that regardless of a variety, the sowing rate of 6 million seeds per one hec­tare is the best of all. A better number of capsules, the seeds in the capsules and the weight of the seeds in the plant was formed by the variety ‘Svitlozir’ compared to the varieties ‘Orfei’ and ‘Vodohrai’. With early sowing period, the smal­-lest values of morphological and yield indices were observed in the varieties of flaxseed, irrespective of the variety and norms of seeding.Conclusions. For more full realization of the genetic potential of the varieties of oilseed flax according to the morphological and harvest indicators in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe the sawing rate must be 8 million seeds per one hectare, and the sawing period of 20–25 April. The variety ‘Svitlozir’ is characterized by its higher crop capacity and morphological indicators

Purpose. To substantiate the features of the classification of morphobiological and economically valuable indicators of highbush blueberry varieties of Vaccinium corymbosum L. Methods. The studies were carried out during 2012–2019. Research methods: field (visual examination of the manifestation of morphological signs of vegetative and generative organs of blueberry plants), laboratory (determination of the content of vitamin C, total sugar, pectin, carotenes, anthocyanins, flavonoids, total acidity in berries), analytical, comparative, statistical (cluster analysis). Results. Over the years of research, varieties of highbush blueberries were characterized by a stable manifestation of homogeneous morphological traits and economically valuable performance indicators. In particular, the studied varieties are classified according to ripeness groups: very early: ‘Fiolent’; early: ‘Draper’, ‘Huron’, ‘Clockwork’, ‘Cargo’, ‘Laska’; medium: ‘Blue Ribbon’, ‘Top shelf’, ‘ZF08-070’, ‘Mavka’; late: ‘Liberti’, ‘Last Call’ and very late: ‘Aurora’, ‘Overtime’. It was determined that the quantitative morphological traits of highbush blueberry varieties that influenced the formation of plant productivity include such traits as growth vigor, leaf length, leaf width, inflorescences lengthwise, bunch density, fruit size. Economically valuable indicators of suitability of highbush blueberry varieties remained stable within the ripeness group. The highest yield (19.5 t/ha) was provided by the mid-season variety ‘Mavka’ of domestic selection. The yield of berries from the bush of this variety was also high and amounted to 7 kg. The studied performance indicators were low in the variety ‘Blue Ribbon’ – 10.2 t/ha and 2.4 kg, respectively. The minimum and maximum values of the manifestation of characteristics will serve to establish the limiting boundaries of its variation in the next modeling of economically valuable indicators of highbush blueberry varieties. Conclusions. Such morphobiological characteristics of highbush blueberry varieties, as plant growth vigor, leaf length, leaf width, inflorescences lengthwise, bunch density, fruit size are closely related to plant productivity, berry yield per bush, berry weight and yield. Therefore, they can be involved in the development and improvement of the model of suitability indicators of highbush blueberries for distribution in Ukraine.

Mucorales are basal fungi that opportunistically cause a potentially fatal infection known as mucormycosis (black fungus disease), which poses a significant threat to human health due to its high mortality rate and its recent association with SARS-CoV-2 infections. On the other hand, histone methylation is a regulatory mechanism with pleiotropic effects, including the virulence of several pathogenic fungi. However, the role of epigenetic changes at the histone level never has been studied in Mucorales. Here, we dissected the functional role of Set1, a histone methyltransferase that catalyzes the methylation of H3K4, which is associated with the activation of gene transcription and virulence. A comparative analysis of the Mucor lusitanicus genome (previously known as Mucor circinelloides f. lusitanicus) identified only one homolog of Set1 from Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae that contains the typical SET domain. Knockout strains in the gene set1 lacked H3K4 monomethylation, dimethylation, and trimethylation enzymatic activities. These strains also showed a significant reduction in vegetative growth and sporulation. Additionally, set1 null strains were more sensitive to SDS, EMS, and UV light, indicating severe impairment in the repair process of the cell wall and DNA lesions and a correlation between Set1 and these processes. During pathogen-host interactions, strains lacking the set1 gene exhibited shortened polar growth within the phagosome and attenuated virulence both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that the histone methyltransferase Set1 coordinates several cell processes related to the pathogenesis of M. lusitanicus and may be an important target for future therapeutic strategies against mucormycosis.

Purpose. Analysis of the allelic state of Ppd-1 genes, which control sensitivity to photoperiod, in varieties and lines of bread winter wheat, and comparison of the results obtained with field observations on the duration of periods before heading and flowering, whose originators were the Nosivska Breeding and Research Station of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and Poltava State Agrarian Academy of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Methods. The following methods were used in the work: DNA extraction, allele-specific PCR, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, analysis of variance. Results. It was revealed that ‘Yuvivata 60’ variety has a recessive Ppd-1 genotype and belongs to the III haplotype by a combination of mutations in the structure of Ppd-D1 gene. Line ‘L41/95’ was heterogeneous by alleles of Ppd-D1 gene, which corresponded to the presence of haplotypes III and VII. All other tested cultivars and lines were characterized by alleles Ppd-A1b, Ppd-B1b and Ppd-D1a, and assigned to haplotype VII. According to the results of statistical data processing, the duration of the period from May, 1 to heading was the smallest for the variety ‘Donskaya polukarlikovaya’ in the conditions of both the Forest-Steppe and Polissia-Forest-Steppe regions of Ukraine, the longest – in the varieties ‘Yuvivata 60’, ‘Myronivska 61’ and ‘L41/95’. The differences between these groups were significant and amounted to 10 days. Conclusions. A breeding material with a high adaptive ability for growing conditions in Polissia-Forest-Steppe zone was studied by the allelic state of the Ppd-1 genes. A low level of polymorphism in the studied varieties and lines was revealed by the alleles of Ppd-1 genes [12.5% – Ppd-D1b (²²²), 12.5% – Ppd-D1à/b (²²²/VII), 75% – Ppd-D1a (VII)], that agrees with the hypothesis that breeders gave a greater preference for the photoperiod-insensitive wheat genotype under Ukrainian conditions. The genotypes with the dominant Ppd-D1a (VII) gene almost completely dominate in the south of Ukraine. At the same time, in northern latitudes, weather conditions negate the advantages of the genotypes with Ppd-D1a gene

Purpose. Analysis of the allelic state of Ppd-1 genes, which control sensitivity to photoperiod, in varieties and lines of bread winter wheat, and comparison of the results obtained with field observations on the duration of periods before heading and flowering, whose originators were the Nosivska Breeding and Research Station of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and Poltava State Agrarian Academy of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.Methods. The following methods were used in the work: DNA extraction, allele-specific PCR, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, analysis of variance.Results. It was revealed that ‘Yuvivata 60’ variety has a recessive Ppd-1 genotype and belongs to the III haplotype by a combination of mutations in the structure of Ppd-D1 gene. Line ‘L41/95’ was heterogeneous by alleles of Ppd-D1 gene, which corresponded to the presence of haplotypes III and VII. All other tested cultivars and lines were characterized by alleles Ppd-A1b, Ppd-B1b and Ppd-D1a, and assigned to haplotype VII. According to the results of statistical data processing, the duration of the period from May, 1 to heading was the smallest for the variety ‘Donskaya polukarlikovaya’ in the conditions of both the Forest-Steppe and Polissia-Forest-Steppe regions of Ukraine, the longest – in the varieties ‘Yuvivata 60’, ‘Myronivska 61’ and ‘L41/95’. The differences between these groups were significant and amounted to 10 days.Conclusions. A breeding material with a high adaptive ability for growing conditions in Polissia-Forest-Steppe zone was studied by the allelic state of the Ppd-1 genes. A low level of polymorphism in the studied varieties and lines was revealed by the alleles of Ppd-1 genes [12.5% – Ppd-D1b (²²²), 12.5% – Ppd-D1à/b (²²²/VII), 75% – Ppd-D1a (VII)], that agrees with the hypothesis that breeders gave a greater preference for the photoperiod-insensitive wheat genotype under Ukrainian conditions. The genotypes with the dominant Ppd-D1a (VII) gene almost completely dominate in the south of Ukraine. At the same time, in northern latitudes, weather conditions negate the advantages of the genotypes with Ppd-D1a gene | Мета. Визначення алельного стану генів Ppd-1, що контролюють чутливість до фотоперіоду, у сортів та ліній пшениці м’якої озимої Носівської селекційно-дослідної станції Миронівського інституту пшениці ім. В. М. Ремесла НААН (НСДС МІП) і Полтавської державної аграрної академії МОН України (ПДАА), та зіставлення отриманих результатів молекулярно-генетичного аналізу з даними польових спостережень щодо строків колосіння та цвітіння.Методи. Виділення ДНК, алель-специфічна ПЛР, електрофорез фрагментів ампліфікації в агарозних та полі­акриаламідних гелях, дисперсійний аналіз.Результати. Визначено, що сорт ‘Ювівата 60’ має рецесивний генотип Ppd-1 та належить до ІІІ гаплотипу за комбінацією мутацій у структурі Ppd-D1 гена. Лінія ‘Л41/95’ виявилася гетерогенною за алелями гена Ppd-D1, що відповідало наявності гаплотипів III і VII. Усі інші досліджені зразки характеризувалися алелями Ppd-A1b, Ppd-B1b та Ppd-D1а та належали до гаплотипу VII. За результатами статистичної обробки даних тривалість періоду від першого травня до колосіння була найменшою в сорту ‘Донская полукарликовая’ в умовах як Лісостепу, так і Полісся–Лісостепу Ук­раїни, найбільшою – у сортів ‘Ювівата 60’, ‘Миронівська 61’ та лінії ‘Л41/95’. Відмінності між зазначеними групами були достовірними й становили приблизно 10 діб.Висновки. За алельним станом генів Ppd-1 досліджено селекційний матеріал з високою адаптивною здатністю для умов вирощування в перехідній зоні Полісся–Лісостеп. За алелями генів Ppd-1 досліджені сорти та лінії виявили невисокий рівень поліморфізму [12,5% – Ppd-D1b (ІІІ), 12,5% – Ppd-D1а/b (ІІІ/VII), 75% – Ppd-D1a (VII)], що узгоджується з гіпо­тезою надання селекціонерами більшої переваги слабкочутливим до фотоперіоду генотипам пшениці в умовах України. Генотипи з домінантним алелем Ppd-D1a (VII) в умовах Півдня України практично повністю домінують. Водночас у північніших широтах погодні умови нівелюють переваги, що мають генотипи з Ppd-D1a.

Purpose. Analysis of the allelic state of Ppd-1 genes, which control sensitivity to photoperiod, in varieties and lines of bread winter wheat, and comparison of the results obtained with field observations on the duration of periods before heading and flowering, whose originators were the Nosivska Breeding and Research Station of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and Poltava State Agrarian Academy of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Methods. The following methods were used in the work: DNA extraction, allele-specific PCR, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, analysis of variance. Results. It was revealed that ‘Yuvivata 60’ variety has a recessive Ppd-1 genotype and belongs to the III haplotype by a combination of mutations in the structure of Ppd-D1 gene. Line ‘L41/95’ was heterogeneous by alleles of Ppd-D1 gene, which corresponded to the presence of haplotypes III and VII. All other tested cultivars and lines were characterized by alleles Ppd-A1b, Ppd-B1b and Ppd-D1a, and assigned to haplotype VII. According to the results of statistical data processing, the duration of the period from May, 1 to heading was the smallest for the variety ‘Donskaya polukarlikovaya’ in the conditions of both the Forest-Steppe and Polissia-Forest-Steppe regions of Ukraine, the longest – in the varieties ‘Yuvivata 60’, ‘Myronivska 61’ and ‘L41/95’. The differences between these groups were significant and amounted to 10 days. Conclusions. A breeding material with a high adaptive ability for growing conditions in Polissia-Forest-Steppe zone was studied by the allelic state of the Ppd-1 genes. A low level of polymorphism in the studied varieties and lines was revealed by the alleles of Ppd-1 genes [12.5% – Ppd-D1b (²²²), 12.5% – Ppd-D1à/b (²²²/VII), 75% – Ppd-D1a (VII)], that agrees with the hypothesis that breeders gave a greater preference for the photoperiod-insensitive wheat genotype under Ukrainian conditions. The genotypes with the dominant Ppd-D1a (VII) gene almost completely dominate in the south of Ukraine. At the same time, in northern latitudes, weather conditions negate the advantages of the genotypes with Ppd-D1a gene

Purpose. To determine the patterns of influence of gro­wing factors on the economically valuable characteristics of new soybean varieties. Methods. Field, biochemical methods, analysis of variance. Results. The rates of the influence of the growing zone, the conditions of the growing season of the year and the soybean variety on the yield, weight of 1000 seeds, the content of crude protein and oil, and protein and oil collection were determined. The greatest influence on the yield of the studied varieties had a growing zone – 55%. On average the maximum yield was obtained in Forest-steppe zone 2.48–3.58 t/ha, the lowest – in Steppe zone (1.33–1.89 t/ha) for 2017–2018. In the same period the weight of 1000 seeds on average was 125.1–169.9 g in the Steppe zone, in Forest-Steppe zone it was 130.2–207.8 g and 143.9–188.0 g in Fo­rrest zone. According to the results of analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone has the greatest influence on weight of 1000 seeds – 31%, variety – 21% and conditions of the growing season of the year – 13%. The main characteristics of soybean quality are the content of crude protein and oil in seeds. The highest level of crude protein was observed in soybean variety in Forest-Steppe zone – 37.5–44.0%. In Forrest zone, the crude protein content was 34.4–41.7%, in the Steppe zone 35.4–40.1%. The maximum level of this characteristic was observed in variety ‘NS Diyana’ – 44.0% in Forest-Steppe zone, in Forrest zone – in the variety ‘Alexa’ 41.7%, in Steppe zone – in variety ‘NS Diyana’ 40.1%. Thus, the growing zone (31%) and variety (25%) had the greatest influence on the content of crude protein; the interaction of factors (variety and growing zone) affected 17%. The average oil content for 2017‑2018 ranges from 19.8 to 24.2%. High oil content was noted in ‘Adsoy’ variety in Forrest and Forest-Steppe zones, 24.2 and 22.6%, respectively, and ‘Azimut’ – 23.8% in Steppe zone. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the growing zone to a greater extent affected the oil content in soybean seeds by 25%, variety – 21%, and the interaction of factors of the variety and gro­wing zone by 21%. Conclusions. According to the results of multifactor analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone had the greatest influence on the studied parameters. It was found that the rate of the influence of gro­wing zone of soybean varieties is 25–55%, depending on the studied characteristic. It was determined that the influence of the variety was 4–25%, the conditions of the growing season affected by 1–26%.

Purpose. To determine the patterns of influence of gro­wing factors on the economically valuable characteristics of new soybean varieties. Methods. Field, biochemical methods, analysis of variance. Results. The rates of the influence of the growing zone, the conditions of the growing season of the year and the soybean variety on the yield, weight of 1000 seeds, the content of crude protein and oil, and protein and oil collection were determined. The greatest influence on the yield of the studied varieties had a growing zone – 55%. On average the maximum yield was obtained in Forest-steppe zone 2.48–3.58 t/ha, the lowest – in Steppe zone (1.33–1.89 t/ha) for 2017–2018. In the same period the weight of 1000 seeds on average was 125.1–169.9 g in the Steppe zone, in Forest-Steppe zone it was 130.2–207.8 g and 143.9–188.0 g in Fo­rrest zone. According to the results of analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone has the greatest influence on weight of 1000 seeds – 31%, variety – 21% and conditions of the growing season of the year – 13%. The main characteristics of soybean quality are the content of crude protein and oil in seeds. The highest level of crude protein was observed in soybean variety in Forest-Steppe zone – 37.5–44.0%. In Forrest zone, the crude protein content was 34.4–41.7%, in the Steppe zone 35.4–40.1%. The maximum level of this characteristic was observed in variety ‘NS Diyana’ – 44.0% in Forest-Steppe zone, in Forrest zone – in the variety ‘Alexa’ 41.7%, in Steppe zone – in variety ‘NS Diyana’ 40.1%. Thus, the growing zone (31%) and variety (25%) had the greatest influence on the content of crude protein; the interaction of factors (variety and growing zone) affected 17%. The average oil content for 2017‑2018 ranges from 19.8 to 24.2%. High oil content was noted in ‘Adsoy’ variety in Forrest and Forest-Steppe zones, 24.2 and 22.6%, respectively, and ‘Azimut’ – 23.8% in Steppe zone. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the growing zone to a greater extent affected the oil content in soybean seeds by 25%, variety – 21%, and the interaction of factors of the variety and gro­wing zone by 21%. Conclusions. According to the results of multifactor analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone had the greatest influence on the studied parameters. It was found that the rate of the influence of gro­wing zone of soybean varieties is 25–55%, depending on the studied characteristic. It was determined that the influence of the variety was 4–25%, the conditions of the growing season affected by 1–26%.

Purpose. To determine the growing factors impact the economically valuable characteristics of new soft winter wheat varieties.Methods. Field, biochemical methods, ANOVA.Results. The influence of the growing zone, the growing season conditions and the genotype of the soft winter wheat varieties on yield, protein and gluten content were determined. The conditions of the growing zone have the greatest influence on studied varieties yield – 73%. On average, for 2020–2021, the maximum yield was obtained in the Forest-Steppe zone – 6.23–8.39 t/ha. In the Forest zone, the yield of studied soft winter wheat varieties was 5.31–7.02 t/ha. For the Steppe zone, the yield was within 5.16–6.63 t/ha. It was determined that varieties which showed low yield in the Forrest zone were characterized by higher yield in the Steppe zone. It was found that the growing zone (49%) and growing season (42%) conditions have the greatest effect on the protein content in grain of studied varieties. It was determined that variety ‘MANDARIN’ was characterized by the highest protein content in all growing zones (14.5–16.4%). In the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones, high protein content was identified in grain of wheat varieties ‘Tata Mata’ (13.6–14.3%), ‘Eneida’ (13.6–14.3%) and ‘Novator’ (14.2 and 13.2%), in the Forest zone – in grain of varieties ‘Vahoma’ and ‘Eneida’ – 13.4% each. It was found that the growing zone conditions impacted gluten content in grain of studied wheat varieties by 64%, the influence of the growing season conditions was 28%. The effect of variety genotype on protein and gluten content was 5 and 4%, respectively. The grain of soft winter wheat varieties ‘MANDARIN’ and ‘Eneida’ contained the largest amount of gluten in all growing zones (27.7–31.8% and 27.3–30.3%). For the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones, a high gluten content was found in grains of varieties ‘Illusion’ (28.4 and 30.8%) and ‘Tata Mata’ (27.8 and 29.8%).Conclusions. It was found that growing zone conditions of soft winter wheat varieties (73%) and the interaction of factors zone × year (21%) impacted the yield significantly. The growing zone conditions (49 and 64%), growing season conditions (21 and 28%) and genotype of variety (5 and 4%, respectively) had a significant influence on protein and gluten content. Therefore, a significant influence of growing zone conditions on the productivity indicators of soft winter wheat determines the need to select varieties in order to obtain a high yield, taking into account the soil and climatic zone | Мета. Визначити вплив факторів вирощування на господарсько-цінні характеристики нових сортів пшениці м’якої озимої.Методи. Польовий, біохімічні методи аналізу та дисперсійний аналіз.Результати. Встановлено частки впливу умов зони вирощування, вегетаційного періоду року та генотипу на врожайність, вміст білка і клейковини в зерні сортів пшениці м’якої озимої. На врожайність досліджуваних сортів найбільше вплинули умови зони вирощування (73%). Так, у середньому за 2020–2021 рр. у зоні Лісостепу вона становила 6,23–8,39 т/га (максимальна); Полісся – 5,31–7,02; Степу – 5,16–6,63 т/га. Сорти, які в зоні Полісся показали низьку врожайність, у Степу характеризувалися вищою. Частка впливу умов зони вирощування на вміст білка в зерні досліджуваних сортів становила 49%; умов вегетаційного періоду року – 42%. Найбільший вміст білка у всіх зонах вирощування мав сорт ‘МАНДАРИН’ (14,5–16,4%). У Степу та Лісостепі найбільшу його кількість виявлено в зерні сортів ‘Тата Мата’ (13,6–14,3%), ‘Енеїда’ (13,6–14,3%) та ‘Новатор’ (14,2 і 13,2%), в Поліссі – у ‘Вагома’ та ‘Енеїда’ (по 13,4%). На вміст клейковини в зерні досліджуваних сортів умови зони вирощування впливали на 64%, вегетаційного періоду року – на 28%. Вплив генотипу на вміст білка і клейковини становив 5 і 4% відповідно. У всіх зонах вирощування найбільше клейковини містило зерно сортів ‘МАНДАРИН’ та ‘Енеїда’ (27,7–31,8 і 27,3–30,3%). У Степу та Лісостепі високий вміст клейковини мали сорти ‘Ілюзіон’ (28,4 та 30,8%) і ‘Тата Мата’ (27,8 та 29,8%).Висновки. Встановлено, що на врожайність сортів пшениці м’якої озимої суттєво впливали умови зони вирощування (73%) та взаємодія факторів зона × рік (21%). Частка впливу умов зони вирощування на вміст білка і клейковини становила 49 і 64% (суттєва), умов вегетаційного періоду року – 21 і 28%, а генотипу – 5 і 4% відповідно. Отже, для отримання високого врожаю пшениці м’якої озимої необхідно підбирати сорти, враховуючи істотний вплив умов ґрунтово-кліматичної зони вирощування на показники продуктивності.

Purpose. To determine the patterns of influence of gro­wing factors on the economically valuable characteristics of new soybean varieties.Methods. Field, biochemical methods, analysis of variance.Results. The rates of the influence of the growing zone, the conditions of the growing season of the year and the soybean variety on the yield, weight of 1000 seeds, the content of crude protein and oil, and protein and oil collection were determined. The greatest influence on the yield of the studied varieties had a growing zone – 55%. On average the maximum yield was obtained in Forest-steppe zone 2.48–3.58 t/ha, the lowest – in Steppe zone (1.33–1.89 t/ha) for 2017–2018. In the same period the weight of 1000 seeds on average was 125.1–169.9 g in the Steppe zone, in Forest-Steppe zone it was 130.2–207.8 g and 143.9–188.0 g in Fo­rrest zone. According to the results of analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone has the greatest influence on weight of 1000 seeds – 31%, variety – 21% and conditions of the growing season of the year – 13%. The main characteristics of soybean quality are the content of crude protein and oil in seeds. The highest level of crude protein was observed in soybean variety in Forest-Steppe zone – 37.5–44.0%. In Forrest zone, the crude protein content was 34.4–41.7%, in the Steppe zone 35.4–40.1%. The maximum level of this characteristic was observed in variety ‘NS Diyana’ – 44.0% in Forest-Steppe zone, in Forrest zone – in the variety ‘Alexa’ 41.7%, in Steppe zone – in variety ‘NS Diyana’ 40.1%. Thus, the growing zone (31%) and variety (25%) had the greatest influence on the content of crude protein; the interaction of factors (variety and growing zone) affected 17%. The average oil content for 2017‑2018 ranges from 19.8 to 24.2%. High oil content was noted in ‘Adsoy’ variety in Forrest and Forest-Steppe zones, 24.2 and 22.6%, respectively, and ‘Azimut’ – 23.8% in Steppe zone. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the growing zone to a greater extent affected the oil content in soybean seeds by 25%, variety – 21%, and the interaction of factors of the variety and gro­wing zone by 21%.Conclusions. According to the results of multifactor analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone had the greatest influence on the studied parameters. It was found that the rate of the influence of gro­wing zone of soybean varieties is 25–55%, depending on the studied characteristic. It was determined that the influence of the variety was 4–25%, the conditions of the growing season affected by 1–26%. | Цель. Установить закономерности влияния факторов выращивания на хозяйственно-ценные характеристики новых сортов сои.Методы. Полевой, биохимические методы анализа, дисперсионный анализ.Результаты. Определены доли влияния зоны выращивания, условий вегетационного периода года и сорта сои на урожайность, массу 1000 семян, содержание сырого протеина и масла, сбора белка и масла. Наибольшее влияние на показатель урожайности исследуемых сортов имела зона выращивания – 55%. В среднем за 2017–2018 гг. максимальная урожайность получена в зоне Лесостепи – 2,48–3,58 т/га, самая низкая – в зоне Степи 1,33–1,89 т/га. Значение показателя массы 1000 семян в среднем за 2017–2018 гг. составляют в зоне Степи – 125,1–169,9 г, в Лесостепи – 130,2–207,8 г и 143,9–188,0 г в зоне Полесья. По результатам дисперсионного анализа было определено, что на массу 1000 семян наибольшее влияние имела зона выращивания – 31%, меньшее влияние оказывал сорт – 21% и условия вегетационного периода года – 13%. Основные показатели качества сои культурной – содержание сырого протеина и масла в семенах. Наибольшие значения содержания сырого протеина отмечено в зоне Лесостепи – 37,5–44,0%. В зоне Полесья содержание сырого протеина составило 34,4–41,7%, в зоне Степи – 35,4–40,1%. Максимальные значения этого показателя были отмечены у сорта ‘НС Дияна’ – 44,0% в зоне Лесостепи, в зоне Полесья – у сорта ‘Алекса’ – 41,7%, в степной зоне ‘НС Дияна’ – 40,1%. Таким образом, наибольшее влияние на содержания сырого протеина имел фактор зоны выращивания (31%) и сорт (25%), взаимодействие факторов сорта и зоны выращивания влияло на 17%. Содержание масла в среднем за 2017–2018 гг. составляло от 19,8 до 24,2%. Высокое содержание масла было отмечено у сорта ‘Адсой’ в зоне Полесья и Лесостепи – 24,2 и 22,6%, соответственно, а также у сорта ‘Азимут’ – 23,8% в степной зоне. По результатам дисперсионного анализа было определено, что на показатель содержания масла в семенах сои больше всего влияли зона выращивания на 25%, сорт – 21%, и взаимодействие факторов сорта и зоны выращивания на 21%.Выводы. Наибольшее влияние на исследуемые показатели имела зона выращивания. Определено, что доля влияния зоны выращивания сортов сои составляет 25–55% в зависимости от исследуемого показателя. Определено, что доля влияния сорта составляла 4–25%, условия вегетационного периода года влияли на 1–26%. | Мета. Установити закономірності впливу факторів вирощування на господарсько-цінні характеристики нових сортів сої.Методи. Польовий, біохімічні методи аналізу, дисперсійний аналіз.Результати. Визначено частки впливу таких факторів як зона вирощування, умови вегетаційного періоду року та сорт сої на врожайність, масу 1000 насінин, уміст сирого протеїну та олії, збір білка та олії з гектара. Найбільше впливав на показник урожайності досліджуваних сортів фактор зони вирощування – його вплив складав 55%. У середньому за 2017–2018 рр. максимальну врожайність досліджуваних сортів отримано в зоні Лісостепу – 2,48–3,58 т/га, найменшу – в зоні Степу – 1,33–1,89 т/га. Значення показника маси 1000 насінин в середньому за 2017–2018 рр. становили для зони Степу – 125,1–169,9 г, Лісостепу – 130,2–207,8 г та 143,9–188,0 г – для зони Полісся. За допомогою дисперсійного аналізу було визначено, що на масу 1000 насінин найбільше впливала зона вирощування – 31%, менше значення мав фактор сорту – 21% та умови вегетаційного періоду року – 13%. Найбільші значення вмісту сирого протеїну в насінні сої відмічено у зоні Лісостепу – 37,5–44,0%. У зоні Полісся вміст сирого протеїну для досліджуваних сортів становив 34,4–41,7%, в зоні Степу – 35,4–40,1%. Максимальні значення цього показника було відмічено для сорту ‘НС Діяна’ – 44,0% в зоні Лісостепу, в зоні Полісся –  для ‘Алєкса’ – 41,7%, в степовій зоні – для сорту ‘НС Діяна’ – 40,1%. Таким чином, найбільший вплив на вміст сирого протеїну мав фактор зони вирощування (31%) та сорту (25%), взаємодія факторів «сорт» та «зона вирощування» впливала на 17%. Вміст олії для досліджуваних сортів сої в середньому за 2017–2018 рр. становив від 19,8 до 24,2% в трьох зонах вирощування. Найвищий вміст олії було відмічено у насінні сорту ‘Адсой’ в зоні Полісся та Лісостепу – 24,2 та 22,6%, відповідно, а також у сорту ‘Азимут’ – 23,8% в степовій зоні. Використання дисперсійного аналізу дозволило встановити, що на вміст олії в насінні сої найбільше впливали фактор зони вирощування – його вплив становив 25%, вклад фактору належності до певного сорту – 21%, взаємодія факторів «сорт» та «зона вирощування» впливала на 21%.Висновки. Найбільший вплив на досліджувані показники чинив фактор зони вирощування. Визначено, що частка впливу фактора зони вирощування сортів сої на показники врожайності, маси 1000 насінин, умісту сирого протеїну та олії, збору білка та олії з гектара становила 25–55%. Визначено, що частка впливу фактору сорту становила 4–25%, умови вегетаційного періоду року впливали на 1–26%.

Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is one of the main staple foods worldwide. Wide precise sowing (Wps) is a sowing method believed to produce the highest winter wheat grain yields; however, the reasons for its high yields and its effect on quality traits have not been effectively studied. Hence, a two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three sowing methods, dibbling (Db), drilling (Dr), and Wps and seed rates (112.5 kg ha⁻¹, 150 kg ha⁻¹, 187.5 kg ha⁻¹, and 225 kg ha⁻¹) on grain yield and the quality of winter wheat. Wps, Dr, and Db produced statistically similar results in terms of the grain yield and most of the quality traits measured. The grain yield increased significantly with the increasing rate, the highest being 7488.89 kg ha⁻¹ at a seed rate of 225 kg ha⁻¹. The total protein, albumin, and globulin were not affected by the sowing methods, but prolamin and glutelin were affected by the Dr and Wps, respectively. The total starch in both years, and the amylose and amylopectin in the first year, were affected only by the seed rates, with 60.11%, 23.2%, 38.63%, or higher values. The results indicated that for the wheat yield and quality traits, Wps, Dr and Db can mostly be used interchangeably. For the protein, starch, and grain yield, the suitable seed rates were 112.5 kg ha⁻¹, 150 kg ha⁻¹, and 225 kg ha⁻¹, respectively.

Wheat is one of the most important staple foods in temperate regions and is in increasing demand in urbanizing and industrializing countries such as China. Enhancing yield potential to meet the population explosion around the world and maintaining grain quality in wheat plants under climate change are crucial for food security and human nutrition. Global warming resulting from greenhouse effect has led to more frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration (eCO₂) along with rising temperature has a huge impact on ecosystems, agriculture and human health. There are numerous studies investigating the eCO₂ and heatwaves effects on wheat growth and productivity, and the mechanisms behind. This review outlines the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the effects of eCO₂ and heat stress, individually and combined, on grain yield and grain quality in wheat crop. Strategies to enhance the resilience of wheat to future warmer and CO₂-enriched environment are discussed.

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) is one of the major crops in the Mediterranean basin, where water stress often occurs during grain filling which represents a critical stage for the synthesis and accumulation of storage proteins (gliadins and glutenins). The aim of the study is to evaluate, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE SDS-PAGE), the storage proteins composition of two durum wheat cultivars (Ciccio and Svevo) cultivated in a growth chamber under two different water regimes (control and water deficit). At milk stage and physiological maturity, gluten proteins have been extracted and separated by 2DE SDS-PAGE. The analysis of the gels was performed by the software ImageMaster 2D Platinum (Amersham). The results showed differences in protein expression within the different gel regions between water regimes and cultivars; under water deficit the rate of protein accumulation was faster for all the protein regions, either at milk and physiological stage. Protein accumulation within high molecular weight (H) region resulted faster in Ciccio than in Svevo mainly in the control treatment. In the low molecular weight region between 48 and 35 kDa (L 48-35), the cultivar Ciccio showed a higher protein expression than Svevo. Furthermore under water deficit a marked increase in H region volume and a decrease in the L 48-35 region was observed only for Svevo; instead in Ciccio no change was observed showing this cultivar a greater stability on changing water regime. Further studies by the use of mass spectrometry are necessary to identify specific peptides relative to drought stress during grain filling as well as to investigate the relationships with technological quality.

Wheat is one of the most important staple foods in temperate regions and is in increasing demand in urbanizing and industrializing countries such as China. Enhancing yield potential to meet the population explosion around the world and maintaining grain quality in wheat plants under climate change are crucial for food security and human nutrition. Global warming resulting from greenhouse effect has led to more frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration (eCO₂) along with rising temperature has a huge impact on ecosystems, agriculture and human health. There are numerous studies investigating the eCO₂ and heatwaves effects on wheat growth and productivity, and the mechanisms behind. This review outlines the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the effects of eCO₂ and heat stress, individually and combined, on grain yield and grain quality in wheat crop. Strategies to enhance the resilience of wheat to future warmer and CO₂-enriched environment are discussed.

Мета. Визначити вплив факторів вирощування на господарсько-цінні характеристики нових сортів пшениці м’якої озимої. Методи. Польовий, біохімічні методи аналізу та дисперсійний аналіз. Результати. Встановлено частки впливу умов зони вирощування, вегетаційного періоду року та генотипу на врожайність, вміст білка і клейковини в зерні сортів пшениці м’якої озимої. На врожайність досліджуваних сортів найбільше вплинули умови зони вирощування (73%). Так, у середньому за 2020–2021 рр. у зоні Лісостепу вона становила 6,23–8,39 т/га (максимальна); Полісся – 5,31–7,02; Степу – 5,16–6,63 т/га. Сорти, які в зоні Полісся показали низьку врожайність, у Степу характеризувалися вищою. Частка впливу умов зони вирощування на вміст білка в зерні досліджуваних сортів становила 49%; умов вегетаційного періоду року – 42%. Найбільший вміст білка у всіх зонах вирощування мав сорт ‘МАНДАРИН’ (14,5–16,4%). У Степу та Лісостепі найбільшу його кількість виявлено в зерні сортів ‘Тата Мата’ (13,6–14,3%), ‘Енеїда’ (13,6–14,3%) та ‘Новатор’ (14,2 і 13,2%), в Поліссі – у ‘Вагома’ та ‘Енеїда’ (по 13,4%). На вміст клейковини в зерні досліджуваних сортів умови зони вирощування впливали на 64%, вегетаційного періоду року – на 28%. Вплив генотипу на вміст білка і клейковини становив 5 і 4% відповідно. У всіх зонах вирощування найбільше клейковини містило зерно сортів ‘МАНДАРИН’ та ‘Енеїда’ (27,7–31,8 і 27,3–30,3%). У Степу та Лісостепі високий вміст клейковини мали сорти ‘Ілюзіон’ (28,4 та 30,8%) і ‘Тата Мата’ (27,8 та 29,8%). Висновки. Встановлено, що на врожайність сортів пшениці м’якої озимої суттєво впливали умови зони вирощування (73%) та взаємодія факторів зона × рік (21%). Частка впливу умов зони вирощування на вміст білка і клейковини становила 49 і 64% (суттєва), умов вегетаційного періоду року – 21 і 28%, а генотипу – 5 і 4% відповідно. Отже, для отримання високого врожаю пшениці м’якої озимої необхідно підбирати сорти, враховуючи істотний вплив умов ґрунтово-кліматичної зони вирощування на показники продуктивності.

Purpose. Develop a simplified method for estimating the color of flour and pasta using Adobe Photo Shop® software. Methods. The research material was grain of varieties and selection lines of wheat species Triticum durum, T. dicoccum, T. timopheevii bred in the Рlant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuryev and samples of the National Center for Genetic Resources of Plants of Ukraine, 2018–2020 harvest. Batch of flour and pieces of dough were scanned using EPSON Scanner 010 F. Color was evaluated using Adobe PhotoShop®. The level of carotenoids was determined by spectrophotometric method. Results. Visual assessments of flour and pasta color, presented by different researchers, differ significantly (up to 2–3 points on a 9-point scale). At the same time, the use of the developed method of express color evaluation of flour and pasta samples in Adobe PhotoShop® with the color evaluation system L*a*b*, used in modern reflectometers, allows to obtain data in numerical value and provides high accuracy. In the case of the developed me­thod, correlations were established between the content of carotenoids and the index b* of flour (r = 0.41 / ≤ 0.05) and pasta (r = 0.60 / p ≤ 0.001) and allowed to select the best in flour color selection lines 10-56, 10-65, 14-153, sample T. durum var. falcatomelanopus, in pasta color – lines 10-56, 10-65, 11-29, 12-3. Conclusions. The developed method provides high accuracy and can be used to evaluate the color of pasta and wheat flour, simplifies the evaluation of test samples, standardizes the parameters of agricultural products and avoids subjective judgment. The established weak correlation between the carotenoid content and the b* value of flour indicates the effect on the color of flour not only orange but also yellow and red pigments, and the ave­rage correlation between the carotenoid content and the b* value of pasta indicates the influence of the products of polyphenols oxidation reactions of wheat grain. The best in color flour and pasta lines were selected for breeding work to increase the content of carotenoid pigments in grain.

Purpose. Develop a simplified method for estimating the color of flour and pasta using Adobe Photo Shop® software. Methods. The research material was grain of varieties and selection lines of wheat species Triticum durum, T. dicoccum, T. timopheevii bred in the Рlant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuryev and samples of the National Center for Genetic Resources of Plants of Ukraine, 2018–2020 harvest. Batch of flour and pieces of dough were scanned using EPSON Scanner 010 F. Color was evaluated using Adobe PhotoShop®. The level of carotenoids was determined by spectrophotometric method. Results. Visual assessments of flour and pasta color, presented by different researchers, differ significantly (up to 2–3 points on a 9-point scale). At the same time, the use of the developed method of express color evaluation of flour and pasta samples in Adobe PhotoShop® with the color evaluation system L*a*b*, used in modern reflectometers, allows to obtain data in numerical value and provides high accuracy. In the case of the developed me­thod, correlations were established between the content of carotenoids and the index b* of flour (r = 0.41 / ≤ 0.05) and pasta (r = 0.60 / p ≤ 0.001) and allowed to select the best in flour color selection lines 10-56, 10-65, 14-153, sample T. durum var. falcatomelanopus, in pasta color – lines 10-56, 10-65, 11-29, 12-3. Conclusions. The developed method provides high accuracy and can be used to evaluate the color of pasta and wheat flour, simplifies the evaluation of test samples, standardizes the parameters of agricultural products and avoids subjective judgment. The established weak correlation between the carotenoid content and the b* value of flour indicates the effect on the color of flour not only orange but also yellow and red pigments, and the ave­rage correlation between the carotenoid content and the b* value of pasta indicates the influence of the products of polyphenols oxidation reactions of wheat grain. The best in color flour and pasta lines were selected for breeding work to increase the content of carotenoid pigments in grain.

Purpose. To determine the efficiency of growing soybean varieties ‘Ustia’, ‘Cordoba’, ‘Estafeta’ depending on the influence of microfertilizers and growth regulators. Methods. Field, laboratory. Results. The article presents the results of studying the efficiency of growing different varieties of soybeans. It was found that in the cultivar ‘Ustia’ the best values of assimilation of photosynthetically active radiation were obtained for the applications of Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) with growth regulator Radostym, and Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering phase (0.25 l/ha) with two studied growth regulators. Similar patterns of the utilization rate of photosynthetic radiation were obtained for the ‘Cordoba’ and ‘Estafeta’ varieties. According to the indicators of the energy balance, the complex use of micronutrient fertilizers and growth regulators in any case pays off with an increase in the yield, which means it is energetically expedient. The maximum coefficients of energy efficiency in the ‘Ustia’, ‘Cordoba’ and ‘Estafeta’ varieties were obtained with the introduction of micronutrient fertilizers Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering phase (0.25 l/ha) and growth regulators Biosyl and Radostym. However, the use of growth regulators separately does not always provide an economic return on investment. In particular, in the variant without Yara Vita Mono Molitrak microfertilizer, the ‘Cordoba’ variety received 28 873 UAH/ha of net profit, while the introduction of growth regulators did not pay off, since there was no significant increase in the yield, and with the use of growth regulators Biosyl and Radostym net profit was within 28824–29179 UAH/ha. In general, the use of micronutrient fertilizer Yara Vita Mono Molitrak with growth regulators Radostim and Biosyl ensu­red guaranteed yield increase. Conclusions. When gro­wing ‘Ustia’, ‘Cordoba’ and ‘Estafeta’ varieties from an energy point of view, it is better to use Yara Vita Mono Molitrak microfertilizer in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) with the growth regulator Radostym. Under these conditions, the obtained energy efficiency ratio was 3.24; 3.41 and 3.45, and the profit was 31503, 34072 and 34649 UAH/ha, respectively

The trend for development and spreading of diseases and pests of blackcurrant at Orel region in the conditions of extreme drought in 2010 has been detected. Abnormal weather conditions of the summer and the lack of precipitation limited both growth of host plant and disease spreading. At the background of extreme conditions of 2010 the crop phenophases shifted to earlier dates. The awakening of wintering pathogen structures began in the classic dates of the spring, although in summer their biological cycle went off rapidly. Due to the lack of moisture the disease pathogens failed to fully realize their potential of development and spreading. A favorable aspect of the extreme conditions of vegetation period, the reducing of the protective measures against diseases, is to be admitted. Abnormal weather conditions accelerated the pathogen biological cycles and reduced the stock of wintering infection; meanwhile they provoked colonization of the plants by pests. In extremely high air temperature and lasting lack of precipitation the pests number was intensively increasing, exceeding the maliciousness threshold. Due to the above some additional insecticide and acaricide treatments of berry crops were applied. Thus, the vegetation period of 2010 was described as most favorable for the development and spreading of pests and less favorable for disease pathogens.

Purpose. To study the protein content and other economically valuable traits in soybean varieties of various origin, to determine the stability and plasticity indicators of these traits, as well as to identify varieties that are promising for use in breeding programs. Methods. Field, laboratory, biochemical and statistical. Results. In total 22 soybean varieties of various origin in terms of yield, protein and oil content in seeds were investigated. High-yield and high-plasticity varieties are distinguished: ‘Muza’, ‘Mentor’, ‘Asuka’, ‘Valas’, ‘Kofu’, ‘Asuka’, ‘Cardif’, ‘Alligator’, ‘Vyshyvanka’, ‘Suziria’ and varieties of domestic breeding with stable yield ‘Siverka’, ‘Vilshanka’, ‘Ustia’, and also the ‘Lisbon’ variety. High protein content was noted in the variety ‘Opus’ – 45.0% in 2017. This variety on average for three years showed 43.63% of the protein in the seeds, and was second after the ‘Ustia’ variety (44.3%). The highest value of the regression coefficient b = 4.289 was observed in the ‘Lisbon’ varie­ty, which shows its high sensitivity to growing conditions with a fairly low average seed protein content of 38.60%, as well as the variety ‘Silesia’ b = 4.289 with an average protein value of 42,73%. Standard variety ‘Muza’ with a low protein content of 38.60% was quite stable in the expression of this characteristic – S2 = 0.222. A number of high-oil varieties were distinguished: ‘Valas’ – 22.77%, ‘Sigalia’ – 22.7%, ‘Alligator’, ‘Siverka’ – 22.53%, ‘Kofu’ – 22.13%, standard variety ‘Muza’ – 21.77%. Conclusions. In breeding programs aimed at increasing the protein content in seeds, the following varieties should be used: ‘Opus’ – as a carrier of the maximum value of the trait, as well as ‘Ustia’, ‘Asuka’, ‘Silesia’ and ‘Kasidi’ as combining high yield and high protein content. The weather conditions of the year in different ways influenced on the manifestation of the studied traits: in a favorable year for obtaining high yields, the protein content in the seeds decreased, the high protein content accumulated in a drier year, and the oil content in seeds changed insignificantly.

Мета. Вивчити сорти сої різного походження за вмістом білка та іншими господарськими ознаками, визначити показники стабільності та пластичності цих ознак, а також виділити сорти, перспективні для використання у селекційних програмах.Методи. Польові, лабораторні, біохімічні та статистичні.Результати. Досліджено 22 сорти сої за врожайністю, вмістом білка та олії в насінні. Виділено пластичні сорти, що мають високу врожайність: ‘Муза’, ‘Ментор’, ‘Асука’, ‘Валас’, ‘Кофу’, ‘Кардіф’, ‘Алігатор’, ‘Вишиванка’, ‘Сузір’я’ та стабільні за врожайністю сорти вітчизняної селекції ‘Сіверка’, ‘Вільшанка’, ‘Устя’, а також сорт ‘Лісабон’. Найвищий уміст білка відмічено у сорту ‘Опус’ – 45,0% у 2017 році. Цей сорт у середньому за три роки показав 43,63% білка в насінні і поступався тільки сорту ‘Устя’ (44,3%). Проте значно вище значення коефіцієнта регресії b = 4,289  у сорту ‘Лісабон’ показало його високу чутливість до умов вирощування при досить низькому середньому значенні вмісту білка в насінні (38,60%), як і сорт ‘Сілесія‘ (b = 4,289) при середньому значенні білковості – 42,73%.  Сорт-стандарт ‘Муза’ при низькій білковості 38,60% був досить стабільним за проявом цієї ознаки – S2 = 0,222.  Виділено низку сортів з високим вмістом олії в насінні: ‘Валас’ – 22,77%, ‘Сігалія’ – 22,7%, ‘Алігатор’,  ‘Сіверка’ – 22,53%, ‘Кофу’ – 22,13%, сорт-стандарт ‘Муза’ – 21,77%.Висновки. У селекційних програмах, спрямованих на підвищення вмісту білка в насінні, слід використовувати  сорти: ‘Опус’ – як носій максимального значення ознаки, ‘Устя’, ‘Асука’, ‘Сілесія’ та ‘Касіді’ – як високоврожайні з високим умістом білка. Погодні умови року неоднаково впливали на прояв  досліджуваних ознак: у сприятливий для отримання високих урожаїв рік вміст білка в насінні знижувався, у посушливіший рік уміст білка був вищим, а вміст олії в насінні змінювався незначно. | Цель. Изучить сорта сои различного происхождения по содержанию белка и других хозяйственно ценных признаках, определить показатели стабильности и пластичности этих признаков, а также выделить сорта, перспективные для использования в селекционных программах.Методы. Полевые, лабораторные, биохимические и статистические.Результаты. Исследовано 22 сорта сои различного происхождения по урожайности, содержанию белка и масла в семенах. Выделено высокоурожайные высокопластичные сорта: ‘Муза’, ‘Ментор’, ‘Асука’, ‘Валас’, ‘Кофу’, ‘Кардиф’, ‘Аллигатор’, ‘Вышиванка’, ‘Сузирья’ и стабильные по урожайности сорта отечественной селекции ‘Сиверка’, ‘Вильшанка’, ‘Устя’, а также сорт ‘Лиссабон’. Высокое содержание белка отмечено у сорта ‘Опус’ – 45,0% в 2017 году. Этот сорт в среднем за три года показал 43,63% белка в семенах и уступал только сорту ‘Устя’ (44,3%). Однако высокое значение коэффициента регрессии b = 4,289 у сорта ‘Лиссабон’ показало его высокую чувствительность к условиям выращивания при достаточно низком среднем значении содержания белка в семенах (38,60%), как и сорт ‘Силесия’ (b = 4,289) при среднем значении белковости – 42,73%. Сорт-стандарт ‘Муза’ при низкой белковости 38,60% был достаточно стабильным по проявлению этого признака – S2 = 0,222. Выделен ряд высокомасличных сортов: ‘Валас’ – 22,77%, ‘Сигалия’ – 22,7%, ‘Аллигатор’, ‘Сиверка’ – 22,53%, ‘Кофу’ – 22,13%, сорт-стандарт ‘Муза’ – 21,77%.Выводы. В селекционных программах, направленных на повышение содержания белка в семенах, следует использовать сорта: ‘Опус’ – как носитель максимального значения признака, а также ‘Устя’, ‘Асука’, ‘Силесия’ и ‘Касиди’ – как объединяющие высокую урожайность и высокое содержание белка. Погодные условия года по-разному влияли на проявление изучаемых признаков: в благоприятном для получения высоких урожаев году содержание белка в семенах снижалось, высокое содержание белка было в более засушливом году, а содержание масла в семенах менялось в незначительной степени | Purpose. To study the protein content and other economically valuable traits in soybean varieties of various origin, to determine the stability and plasticity indicators of these traits, as well as to identify varieties that are promising for use in breeding programs. Methods. Field, laboratory, biochemical and statistical. Results. In total 22 soybean varieties of various origin in terms of yield, protein and oil content in seeds were investigated. High-yield and high-plasticity varieties are distinguished: ‘Muza’, ‘Mentor’, ‘Asuka’, ‘Valas’, ‘Kofu’, ‘Asuka’, ‘Cardif’, ‘Alligator’, ‘Vyshyvanka’, ‘Suziria’ and varieties of domestic breeding with stable yield ‘Siverka’, ‘Vilshanka’, ‘Ustia’, and also the ‘Lisbon’ variety. High protein content was noted in the variety ‘Opus’ – 45.0% in 2017. This variety on average for three years showed 43.63% of the protein in the seeds, and was second after the ‘Ustia’ variety (44.3%). The highest value of the regression coefficient b = 4.289 was observed in the ‘Lisbon’ varie­ty, which shows its high sensitivity to growing conditions with a fairly low average seed protein content of 38.60%, as well as the variety ‘Silesia’ b = 4.289 with an average protein value of 42,73%. Standard variety ‘Muza’ with a low protein content of 38.60% was quite stable in the expression of this characteristic – S2 = 0.222. A number of high-oil varieties were distinguished: ‘Valas’ – 22.77%, ‘Sigalia’ – 22.7%, ‘Alligator’, ‘Siverka’ – 22.53%, ‘Kofu’ – 22.13%, standard variety ‘Muza’ – 21.77%. Conclusions. In breeding programs aimed at increasing the protein content in seeds, the following varieties should be used: ‘Opus’ – as a carrier of the maximum value of the trait, as well as ‘Ustia’, ‘Asuka’, ‘Silesia’ and ‘Kasidi’ as combining high yield and high protein content. The weather conditions of the year in different ways influenced on the manifestation of the studied traits: in a favorable year for obtaining high yields, the protein content in the seeds decreased, the high protein content accumulated in a drier year, and the oil content in seeds changed insignificantly.

Purpose. To study the protein content and other economically valuable traits in soybean varieties of various origin, to determine the stability and plasticity indicators of these traits, as well as to identify varieties that are promising for use in breeding programs. Methods. Field, laboratory, biochemical and statistical. Results. In total 22 soybean varieties of various origin in terms of yield, protein and oil content in seeds were investigated. High-yield and high-plasticity varieties are distinguished: ‘Muza’, ‘Mentor’, ‘Asuka’, ‘Valas’, ‘Kofu’, ‘Asuka’, ‘Cardif’, ‘Alligator’, ‘Vyshyvanka’, ‘Suziria’ and varieties of domestic breeding with stable yield ‘Siverka’, ‘Vilshanka’, ‘Ustia’, and also the ‘Lisbon’ variety. High protein content was noted in the variety ‘Opus’ – 45.0% in 2017. This variety on average for three years showed 43.63% of the protein in the seeds, and was second after the ‘Ustia’ variety (44.3%). The highest value of the regression coefficient b = 4.289 was observed in the ‘Lisbon’ varie­ty, which shows its high sensitivity to growing conditions with a fairly low average seed protein content of 38.60%, as well as the variety ‘Silesia’ b = 4.289 with an average protein value of 42,73%. Standard variety ‘Muza’ with a low protein content of 38.60% was quite stable in the expression of this characteristic – S2 = 0.222. A number of high-oil varieties were distinguished: ‘Valas’ – 22.77%, ‘Sigalia’ – 22.7%, ‘Alligator’, ‘Siverka’ – 22.53%, ‘Kofu’ – 22.13%, standard variety ‘Muza’ – 21.77%. Conclusions. In breeding programs aimed at increasing the protein content in seeds, the following varieties should be used: ‘Opus’ – as a carrier of the maximum value of the trait, as well as ‘Ustia’, ‘Asuka’, ‘Silesia’ and ‘Kasidi’ as combining high yield and high protein content. The weather conditions of the year in different ways influenced on the manifestation of the studied traits: in a favorable year for obtaining high yields, the protein content in the seeds decreased, the high protein content accumulated in a drier year, and the oil content in seeds changed insignificantly.

Purpose. The adaptation of regenerant plants to environmental conditions is the final stage of micropropagation. According to a number of authors, when in vitro plants are transferred to in vivo non-sterile conditions, a significant percentage of mortality is recorded. In a previous publication, the regenerative capacity of strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) in vitro tissues on MS culture medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) and a regenerants was obtained (Chornobrov O. Yu., 2019). The objective of the study is to develop an optimal protocol of acclimation of in vitro F. vesca plants to in vivo conditions. Methods. Biotechnological and statistical methods of research were applied. For the research ‘Ruiana’ and ‘Zhovte Dyvo’ cultivars were used with in vitro cultivation cycle of 30–35 days. Prepared plants were planted in 0.33 L plastic contai ners, one piece in a mixture of coconut substrate and perlite (3:1). Plants were kept under high relative humidity (85–90%) conditions for 3–5 days, 6–8 days and 10–14 days. The studies were carried out in the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory of SS of NULES of Ukraine “BFRS” during 2019–2020. Results. The duration of Fragaria vesca regenerant plants exposure in conditions of high relative humidity significantly affected adaptation efficiency. The proportion of ‘Ruiana’ and ‘Zhovte Dyvo’ plants adapted to the greenhouse conditions were 47.6 ± 2.5% and 60.0 ± 1.7%, respectively, when the plants were kept for 10–14 days. A significant efficiency of plant adaptation (more than 70%) was obtained under condition of preliminarily exposure the roots of the plants in an auxin solution for 25–30 minutes with daily application of 30% solution of glycerine as foliar spray. The plants adapted to the greenhouse conditions had pigmentation characteristic of the variety, without signs of chlorosis and vitrification. Conclusions. An optimal protocol for in vitro adaptation of F. vesca cultivars to in vivo conditions was developed and viable plants were obtained. Further research will be aimed at studying the growth and development of F. vesca regenerant plants in open ground.

Purpose. The adaptation of regenerant plants to environmental conditions is the final stage of micropropagation. According to a number of authors, when in vitro plants are transferred to in vivo non-sterile conditions, a significant percentage of mortality is recorded. In a previous publication, the regenerative capacity of strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) in vitro tissues on MS culture medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) and a regenerants was obtained (Chornobrov O. Yu., 2019).The objective of the study is to develop an optimal protocol of acclimation of in vitro F. vesca plants to in vivo conditions.Methods. Biotechnological and statistical methods of research were applied. For the research ‘Ruiana’ and ‘Zhovte Dyvo’ cultivars were used with in vitro cultivation cycle of 30–35 days. Prepared plants were planted in 0.33 L plastic contai ners, one piece in a mixture of coconut substrate and perlite (3:1). Plants were kept under high relative humidity (85–90%) conditions for 3–5 days, 6–8 days and 10–14 days. The studies were carried out in the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory of SS of NULES of Ukraine “BFRS” during 2019–2020. Results. The duration of Fragaria vesca regenerant plants exposure in conditions of high relative humidity significantly affected adaptation efficiency. The proportion of ‘Ruiana’ and ‘Zhovte Dyvo’ plants adapted to the greenhouse conditions were 47.6 ± 2.5% and 60.0 ± 1.7%, respectively, when the plants were kept for 10–14 days. A significant efficiency of plant adaptation (more than 70%) was obtained under condition of preliminarily exposure the roots of the plants in an auxin solution for 25–30 minutes with daily application of 30% solution of glycerine as foliar spray. The plants adapted to the greenhouse conditions had pigmentation characteristic of the variety, without signs of chlorosis and vitrification.Conclusions. An optimal protocol for in vitro adaptation of F. vesca cultivars to in vivo conditions was developed and viable plants were obtained. Further research will be aimed at studying the growth and development of F. vesca regenerant plants in open ground. | Мета. Адаптація рослин-регенерантів до умов довкілля – заключний етап мікроклонального розмноження.За даними низки авторів, при перенесені рослин in vitro в нестерильні умови закритого ґрунту фіксують знач­ний відсоток відпаду. У попередній публікації досліджено регенераційну здатність тканин рослин суниці (Fragaria vesca L.) in vitro на живильному середовищі MS та одержано регенеранти (Чорнобров О. Ю., 2019). Мета дослід­ження – розроблення оптимального протоколу адапта­ції рослин-регенерантів сортів F. vesca до умов in vivo.Методи. Для досліджень використовували рослини суниці сортів ‘Руяна’ і ‘Жовте диво’ із циклом культивування in vitro 30–35 діб. Рослини висаджували в пластикові контейнери (об’єм – 0,33 л) по 1 шт. у суміш кокосового субстрату та перліту (3:1). Рослини витримували в умовах високої відносної вологості повітря (85–90%) упродовж 3–5 діб, 6–8 діб і 10–14 діб. Дослідження проводили в науково-дослідній лабораторії біотехнології рослин ВП НУБіП України «Боярська ЛДС» упродовж 2019–2020 рр.Результати. Тривалість витримування рослин-регенерантів F. vesca в умовах високої ВВП достовірно впливала на ефективність адаптації. За витримування упродовж 10–14 діб частка адаптованих до умов закритого ґрунту рослин становила для сорту ‘Руяна’ 47,6 ± 2,5% і 60,0 ± 1,7% для сорту ‘Жовте диво’. Значну приживлюваність рослин (понад 70%) одержано за умов попереднього витримування кореневої системи в розчині ауксинів упродовж 25–30 хв із щоденним обприскуванням листків 30%-м гліцерином. Адаптовані до умов закритого ґрунту регенеранти мали характерну для сорту пігментацію, без ознак хлорозу та вітрифікації.Висновки. Розроблено оптимальний протокол адаптації сортів F. vesca in vitro до умов in vivo та одержано життєздатні рослини. Подальші дослідження будуть спрямовані на вивчення росту й розвитку рослин-регенерантів F. vesca в умовах відкритого ґрунту

Мета. Визначити селекційну цінність нового вихідного матеріалу соняшнику з комплексною стійкістю проти гербіцидів групи сульфонілсечовин та несправжньої борошнистої роси. Методи. У процесі дослідження використовували польові (гібридизація, випробування ліній, індивідуальний добір, оцінювання ліній), візуальні (фенологічні спостереження), лабораторні (імунологічне оцінювання стійкості проти НБР), вегетаційні (оцінювання стійкості проти гербіцидів) та математично­статистичні (оброблення експериментальних даних і визначення достовірності результатів дослідження) методи. Результати. Нові самозапилені лінії соняшнику досліджували у відділі селекції та насінництва перехреснозапильних культур Селекційно­генетичного інституту – Національного центру насіннєзнавства та сортовивчення (СГІ – НЦНС) протягом 2020–2023 рр. За результатами роботи створено та оцінено 33 самозапилені лінії соняшнику з комплексною стійкістю проти гербіцидів групи сульфонілсечовин і несправжньої борошнистої роси (НБР). Для створення ліній використовували популяції вітчизняної селекції, здатні реалізовувати свій спадковий потенціал у різних умовах, пристосовані до вирощування в Південному Степу України, стійкі проти комплексу хвороб і шкідників, із підвищеною врожайністю насіння та пластичністю. Одержаний новий вихідний матеріал – константні, стабільно продуктивні лінії, застосовувані в подальшій селекційній програмі. За результатами випробувань майже всі отримані гібриди першого покоління (F1) продемонстрували врожайність понад 1,0 т/га. Лінії, які мали найвищий рівень комбінаційної здатності за врожайністю (гетерозиготне гібридне потомство з підвищеною життєздатністю за основними господарсько­цінними ознаками), відбиратимуть для наступних досліджень і долучатимуть до створення нових гібридів, стійких проти гербіцидів групи сульфонілсечовин та НБР. Висновки. Встановлено, що в одній лінії можна поєднати стійкість проти гербіциду групи сульфонілсечовин і несправжньої борошнистої роси. За стійкістю соняшнику проти гербіциду легко слідкувати в польових умовах, а стійкість проти несправжньої борошнистої роси необхідно контролювати в лабораторних.

Purpose. Based on the study of consumer qualities of perspective potato hybrids (Solanum tuberosum L.) the ones with a high degree of differentiation depending on the biochemical composition of tubers and culinary-consumer type were identified. Methods. Field (phenology); laboratory (biochemical, technological); mathematical and statistical (linear correlation, regression). Results. Consumer qualities and patterns of their formation under the influence of the biochemical composition of tubers were studied. Excellent taste was determined in mid-early (‘203.703-3’, ‘205.781-9’), mid-season (‘205.786-72’, ‘205. 798-15’) hybrids. High cooking quality of the tubers was detected in early-season hybrids (‘99.523-15’, ‘205.791-3’, ‘205.785-25’, ‘205.792-205’). Soft crispy texture was detected in mid-early (‘205.776-25’, ‘99.546-3’) and mid-season (‘205.782-24’, ‘205.786-72’, ‘205.798-43’) hybrids. The mid-early hybrid '205.780-8' contained high levels of starch. In terms of resistance to browning, three early-season (‘99.517-39’, ‘203.703-2’, ‘205.785-25’) and two mid-season hybrids (‘205.781-9’, ‘205.788-3’) were selected. It is proved, that the taste development depended on the starch content (r=0,657), proportion of starch/protein (r=0,470) and sugars accumulation (r= -450). The positive dependence of the cooking quality of the tubers on their starchiness (r=0,945), proportion of starch and protein (r=0,900) was detected. The influence of proportion of starch/protein over the texture of the tubers (r=0,877) and starch content (r=0,868) was established. Mealiness depended on sugars (r= -0,494) and starch content (r=0,474), resistance to browning – on tyrosine content in protein (r=-0,873) and free tyrosine content (r= - 0,824). In terms of culinary and consumer type of food (table) potatoes, eight hybrids were rated as type B, five and five hybrids belonged to types A and C respectively, and three hybrids belonged to type D. Conclusions. The selected, as for the high level of culinary quality indicators, hybrids can be recommended as valuable output material for practical plant breeding. Determination of biological interrelation of potato culinary quality indicators and biochemical composition of their tubers allowed to develop mathematical simulations to predict taste and texture, and it practically relieved from boiling and subjective evaluation by organoleptic method of tasting results. Systematization of culinary and consumer type food (table) potatoes can be a subject matter in the course of state variety testing.

Purpose. Based on the study of consumer qualities of perspective potato hybrids (Solanum tuberosum L.) the ones with a high degree of differentiation depending on the biochemical composition of tubers and culinary-consumer type were identified. Methods. Field (phenology); laboratory (biochemical, technological); mathematical and statistical (linear correlation, regression). Results. Consumer qualities and patterns of their formation under the influence of the biochemical composition of tubers were studied. Excellent taste was determined in mid-early (‘203.703-3’, ‘205.781-9’), mid-season (‘205.786-72’, ‘205. 798-15’) hybrids. High cooking quality of the tubers was detected in early-season hybrids (‘99.523-15’, ‘205.791-3’, ‘205.785-25’, ‘205.792-205’). Soft crispy texture was detected in mid-early (‘205.776-25’, ‘99.546-3’) and mid-season (‘205.782-24’, ‘205.786-72’, ‘205.798-43’) hybrids. The mid-early hybrid '205.780-8' contained high levels of starch. In terms of resistance to browning, three early-season (‘99.517-39’, ‘203.703-2’, ‘205.785-25’) and two mid-season hybrids (‘205.781-9’, ‘205.788-3’) were selected.  It is proved, that the taste development depended on the starch content (r=0,657), proportion of starch/protein (r=0,470) and sugars accumulation (r= -450). The positive dependence of the cooking quality of the tubers on their starchiness (r=0,945), proportion of starch and protein (r=0,900) was detected. The influence of proportion of starch/protein over the texture of the tubers (r=0,877) and starch content (r=0,868) was established. Mealiness depended on sugars (r= -0,494) and starch content (r=0,474), resistance to browning – on tyrosine content in protein (r=-0,873) and free tyrosine content (r= - 0,824). In terms of culinary and consumer type of food (table) potatoes, eight hybrids were rated as type B, five and five hybrids belonged to types A and C respectively, and three hybrids belonged to type D. Conclusions. The selected, as for the high level of culinary quality indicators, hybrids can be recommended as valuable output material for practical plant breeding. Determination of biological interrelation of potato culinary quality indicators and biochemical composition of their tubers allowed to develop mathematical simulations to predict taste and texture, and it practically relieved from boiling and subjective evaluation by organoleptic method of tasting results. Systematization of culinary and consumer type food (table) potatoes can be a subject matter in the course of state variety testing.

Purpose. Based on the study of consumer qualities of perspective potato hybrids (Solanum tuberosum L.) the ones with a high degree of differentiation depending on the biochemical composition of tubers and culinary-consumer type were identified.Methods. Field (phenology); laboratory (biochemical, technological); mathematical and statistical (linear correlation, regression).Results. Consumer qualities and patterns of their formation under the influence of the biochemical composition of tubers were studied. Excellent taste was determined in mid-early (‘203.703-3’, ‘205.781-9’), mid-season (‘205.786-72’, ‘205. 798-15’) hybrids. High cooking quality of the tubers was detected in early-season hybrids (‘99.523-15’, ‘205.791-3’, ‘205.785-25’, ‘205.792-205’). Soft crispy texture was detected in mid-early (‘205.776-25’, ‘99.546-3’) and mid-season (‘205.782-24’, ‘205.786-72’, ‘205.798-43’) hybrids. The mid-early hybrid '205.780-8' contained high levels of starch. In terms of resistance to browning, three early-season (‘99.517-39’, ‘203.703-2’, ‘205.785-25’) and two mid-season hybrids (‘205.781-9’, ‘205.788-3’) were selected.  It is proved, that the taste development depended on the starch content (r=0,657), proportion of starch/protein (r=0,470) and sugars accumulation (r= -450). The positive dependence of the cooking quality of the tubers on their starchiness (r=0,945), proportion of starch and protein (r=0,900) was detected. The influence of proportion of starch/protein over the texture of the tubers (r=0,877) and starch content (r=0,868) was established. Mealiness depended on sugars (r= -0,494) and starch content (r=0,474), resistance to browning – on tyrosine content in protein (r=-0,873) and free tyrosine content (r= - 0,824). In terms of culinary and consumer type of food (table) potatoes, eight hybrids were rated as type B, five and five hybrids belonged to types A and C respectively, and three hybrids belonged to type D. Conclusions. The selected, as for the high level of culinary quality indicators, hybrids can be recommended as valuable output material for practical plant breeding. Determination of biological interrelation of potato culinary quality indicators and biochemical composition of their tubers allowed to develop mathematical simulations to predict taste and texture, and it practically relieved from boiling and subjective evaluation by organoleptic method of tasting results. Systematization of culinary and consumer type food (table) potatoes can be a subject matter in the course of state variety testing. | Цель. На основе исследования потребительских качеств перспективных гибридов картофеля (Solanum tuberosum L.) выделить гибриды, имеющие высокую степень дифференциации в зависимости от биохимического состава клубней и кулинарно-потребительского типа.Методы. Полевой (фенология); лабораторный (биохимические, технологические); математически-статистический (линейная корреляция, регрессия).Результаты. Исследовали потребительские качества и изучали закономерности их формирования под влиянием биохимического состава клубней. Отличный вкус был определён у среднеранних (‘203.703-3’, ‘205.781-9’) и среднеспелых (‘205.786-72’, ‘205 798-15’) гибридов. Высокую устойчивость к развариванию клубней было установлено у раннеспелых гибридов (‘99.523-15’, ‘205.791-3’, ‘205.785-25’, ‘205.792-205’). Мягкая рассыпчатая консистенция была характерна для среднеранних (‘205.776-2’, ‘99.546-3’) и среднеспелых (‘205.782-24’, ‘205.786-72’, ‘205.798-43’) форм. Среднеранний гибрид ‘205.780-8’ имел высокую степень проявления мучнистости. Устойчивость к потемнению имели три раннеспелых (‘99 .517-39’, ‘203.703-2’, ‘205.785-25’) и два среднеспелых гибрида (‘205.781-9’, ‘205.788-3’). Формирование вкуса зависело в основном от содержания крахмала (r = 0,657), соотношения крахмал / белок (r = 0,470) и накопления сахаров (r = -450). Была обнаружена сильная положительная зависимость разваривания клубней от их крахмалистости (r = 0,945), соотношения содержания крахмала и белка (r = 0,900). Определено влияние соотношения крахмал / белок на консистенцию клубней (r = 0,877) и содержания в них крахмала (r = 0,868). Мучнистость зависела от сахаров (r = -0,494) и крахмалистости клубней (r = 0,474), устойчивость к потемнению мякоти – от содержания тирозина в белке (r = -0,873) и свободного тирозина (r = - 0,824). По кулинарно-потребительскому типу столового картофеля восемь гибридов было отнесено к типу В, по пять – к типу А и С, три – к типу Д.Выводы. Выделенные гибриды с высокой степенью проявления показателей потребительского качества могут быть рекомендованы как ценный исходный материал для практической селекции. Определение биологической взаимосвязи показателей качества картофеля и биохимического состава их клубней позволило разработать математические модели для прогнозирования вкуса и текстуры, что практически освобождает от варки и субъективной оценки органолептическим методом результатов дегустации. Систематизация кулинарно-потребительского типа картофеля столового назначения может быть предметом обсуждения в государственном сортоиспытании. | Мета. На основі дослідження споживчої якості перспективних гібридів картоплі (Solanum tuberosum L.) виділити гібриди з високим ступенем диференціації залежно від біохімічного складу бульб та кулінарно-споживчого типу.Методи. Польовий (фенологія); лабораторний (біохімічні, технологічні); математично-статистичний (лінійна кореляція, регресія).Результати. Досліджували кулінарні якості та вивчали закономірності їхнього формування під впливом біохімічного складу бульб. Відмінний смак було визначено у середньоранніх (‘203.703-3’, ‘205.781-9’) і середньостиглих (‘205.786-72’, ‘205.798-15’) гібридів. Високу стійкість до розварювання бульб було виявлено у ранньостиглих гібридів (‘99.523-15’, ‘205.791-3’, ‘205.785-25’, ‘205.792-205’). М’якою консистенцією характеризувалися середньоранні (‘205.776-25’, ‘99.546-3’) і середньостиглі (‘205.782-24’, ‘205.786-72’, ‘205.798-43’) форми. Середньоранній гібрид ‘205.780-8’ мав вищий ступінь проявлення борошнистості. За стійкістю до потемніння м’якоті було виділено три ранньостиглих (‘99.517-39’, ‘203.703-2’, ‘205.785-25’) і два середньостиглих гібриди (‘205.781-9’, ‘205.788-3’). Формування смаку залежало здебільшого від умісту крохмалю (r = 0,657), співвідношення крохмаль / білок (r = 0,470) і накопичення цукрів (r = -450). Було виявлено сильну позитивну залежність розварювання бульб від їхньої крохмалистості (r = 0,945) та співвідношення вмісту крохмалю і білка (r = 0,900). Визначено вплив співвідношення кромаль / білок на консистенцію бульб (r = 0,877) та вміст крохмалю (r = 0,868). Борошнистість залежала від умісту цукрів (r = -0,494) та крохмалистості бульб (r = 0,474), стійкість до потемніння м’якоті – від умісту тирозину у білку (r = -0,873), вільного тирозину (r = -0,824). За кулінарно-споживчим типом столової картоплі вісім гібридів було віднесено до типу В, по п’ять – до типів А і С, три – до типу Д.Висновки. Виділені гібриди за високим ступенем проявлення показників кулінарної якості можуть бути рекомендовані як цінний вихідний матеріал для практичної селекції. Встановлення біологічного взаємозв’язку показників кулінарної якості картоплі і біохімічного складу їхніх бульб дозволило розробити математичні моделі для прогнозування смаку і текстури, що практично звільняє від варіння та суб’єктивного оцінювання органолептичним методом результатів дегустації. Систематизація кулінарно-споживчого типу картоплі столового призначення може бути предметом обговорення за державного сортовипробування.